Aquatic birds

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Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Toxic, neurochemical and behavioral effects of dieldrin exposure in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Sharma, R.P., D.S. Winn and J.B. Low
Pages
43-53
Year
Issue
1
Volume
5
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN increased with all doses brain, liver, and adipose dieldrin concentrations Both Male and Female Juvenile 4-6 per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 75 days Laboratory
Citation:

Stomach contents of diving and dabbling ducks during fall migration in the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Canada

Author(s)
Guillemette, Magella, Francois Bolduc and Jean-Luc DesGrandes
Pages
167-175
Year
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition gastropoda (0.001), crustacea (0.007), insecta (0.003), and plant (0.980) mean relative proportions (wet mass) of stomach contents Both Male and Female Not Reported 22 St. Lawrence River Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

The Central, Imperial, and Coachella Valleys of California

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E., Daniel P. Connelly, and Roger L. Pederson
Pages
475-505
Publisher
Texas Tech University Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 15,221 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Suisun Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets Solano
Population Density 4,667 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported San Francisco Delta Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 389 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Imperial and Coachella Valleys Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Laying dates, clutch size and egg weight of captive mallards

Author(s)
Batt, Bruce D.J., and Harold H. Prince
Pages
35-41
Year
Volume
81
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 10.4 mean clutch size from first nesting attempt eggs Female Adult 151 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.2 (SE) Laboratory
Time of Nesting April-June date of nest initiation Female Adult 151 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Food availability and preference of juvenile mallards

Author(s)
Chura, Nicholas J.
Pages
121-134
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Dietary Composition flora (99.1%), fauna (0.92%) Both Male and Female Juvenile 94 Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 46-55 d
Dietary Composition flora (99.9%), fauna (0.08%) Both Male and Female Juvenile 94 Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 52-60 d
Citation:

Production of mallards on irrigated land in the Sacramento Valley

Author(s)
Earl, John P.
Pages
23
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Territory Size 70 mean length of drainage ditch (5 ft wide) defended yd Male Adult 8 ducks Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding
Time of Hatching or Parturition May 16-29 peak hatching period Both Male and Female Hatchling Not Reported Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding
Population Density 396 breeding density pairs/18000 acres Both Male and Female Adult 396 pairs Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding
Time of Nesting April-June time from earliest clutch laid to last clutch hatched Female Adult Not Reported Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding
Citation:

Fall and spring body weights and condition indices of ducks in Illinois

Author(s)
Hine, Christoper S., Stephen P. Havera, Richard M. Whitton, Jerome R. Serie
Pages
197-213
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 1,163 g Male Juvenile 61 Illinois and Mississippi river valleys Exposure Factor Datasets hunter harvested 12 SE
Body Weight - Mean 1,078 g Female Adult 105 Illinois and Mississippi river valleys Exposure Factor Datasets hunter-harvested 11 SE
Body Weight - Mean 966 g Female Juvenile 12 Illinois and Mississippi river valleys Exposure Factor Datasets hunter-harvested 37 SE
Citation:

Body composition of female mallards in winter in relation to annual cycle events

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
669-680
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Fat (total or %) 111 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 9 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumage - early migrants, unpaired 8 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 145 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 19 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumage, paired 7 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 102 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 14 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumate, unpaired 12 SE
Citation:

Home range and habitat use of forest-dwelling mallards in Minnesota

Author(s)
Kirby, Ronald E., John H. Riechmann and Lewis M. Cowardin
Pages
215-219
Year
Issue
2
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 620 ha Male Adult 5 Bemidji, Beltrami Co. Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Homing and reproductive habits of mallards, gadwalls, and blue-winged teal

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Harold F. Duebbert and David E. Sharp
Pages
1-28
Year
Volume
106
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Time of Migration or Dispersal May 5 - May 14 Female Not Reported prairie pothold region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets second year females
Time of Migration or Dispersal April 20 - May 14 Female Adult Not Reported prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets three years and older
Clutch or Litter Size 8.49 eggs Female Adult 57 prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets second year 1.23 SE
Citation:

Age-related aspects of mallard reproduction

Author(s)
Krapu, Gary L. and Harold A. Doty
Pages
35-39
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying April 4 - July (median = May) time of clutch initiation Female Adult 265 nests eastern - south central North Dakota, near Jamestown Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mallard recruitment in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M. and Robert L. Jarvis
Pages
565-570
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 59 Survival rates, not mortality. % Female Adult Not Reported Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, CA Exposure Factor Datasets 3.4 SE
Survival/ Mortality 52 Survival rates, not mortality. % Female Juvenile Not Reported Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 7.8 SE
Citation:

Impacts of changing irrigation practices on waterfowl habitat use in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Barnum, D.A. and N.H. Euliss, Jr.
Pages
10-21
Year
Issue
1
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 0.5 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Female Not Reported Not Reported preirrigated croplands Exposure Factor Datasets wintering birds
Population Density 0.07 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported evaporation ponds Exposure Factor Datasets wintering birds
Population Density 0.5 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported miscellaneous Exposure Factor Datasets wintering birds
Citation:

Mallard mortality rates on key breeding and wintering areas

Author(s)
Blohm, R.J., R.E. Reynolds, J.P. Bladen, J.D. Nichols, J.E. Hines, K.H. Pollock, and R.T. Eberhardt
Pages
264-284
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 0.998 spring-summer survival (proportion) Male Adult 18,650 Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 0.603 spring-summer survival (proportion) Female Adult 16,562 Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 0.782 fall-winter survival (proportion) Male Adult 18,650 Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Use of prairie pothole habitat by breeding mallards

Author(s)
Dwyer, T.J., G.L. Krapu and D.M. Janke
Pages
526-531
Year
Issue
2
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Home Range 467.8 ha Female Adult 6 Missouri Couteau, south-central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 110.9 Breeding home range. ha Female Adult 6 Missouri Coteau of south-central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets Laying females
Citation:

Waterfowl use of forested wetlands of the southern United States: An overview

Author(s)
Fredrickson, Leigh H. and Mickey E. Heitmeyer
Pages
307-323
Publisher
University of Minnesota Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type
Dietary Composition Review Mingo Basin, Missouri Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival and nest success of sympatric female mallards, Anas platyrynchos, and American black ducks, Anas rubripes, breeding in a forested environment

Author(s)
Dwyer, Chris P. and Guy A. Baldassare
Pages
213-216
Year
Issue
2
Volume
107
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 9.3 eggs Female Adult 18 Adirondack Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets 1.3 (SD)
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Female Adult 18 Adirondack Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Weights of wild mallard Anas platyrhynchos, gadwall A. strepera, and blue-winged teal A. discors during the breeding season

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Douglas H. Johnson and David E. Sharp
Pages
122-130
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Growth Rate 0.0692 growth rate estimated from logistic growth curve Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0030 (SE)
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Condition
Time of Mating/ Laying April 10 (end) southern part of U.S. breeding range Exposure Factor Datasets laying
Citation:

Movements and habitat use of mallard broods in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M., Robert L. Jarvis and David S. Gilmer
Pages
88-94
Year
Issue
1
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 1.27 For 1989. Home range defined as area that broods restricted their activities to during rearing period. km2 Not Reported Nestling 13 broods Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 0.47 SE
Citation:

A nesting study of ducks and coots on Tule Lake and Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuges

Author(s)
Miller, A.W. and B.D. Collins
Pages
17-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 85.2% proportion of observed nests with at least one successful hatch Female Adult 209 Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Exposure Factor Datasets Modoc, Siskiyou
Citation:

Temporal and geographic estimates of survival and recovery rates for the mallard, 1950 through 1985.

Author(s)
Chu, D.S. and J.B. Hestbeck
Pages
57
Publisher
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 20
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.6279 survival estimates for birds banded 1966-1985 Male Adult 18,289 Northern California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.009 (SE)
Citation:

Mallard duckling growth and survival in relation to aquatic invertebrates

Author(s)
Cox, Robert R., Jr., Mark A. Hanson, Christianne C. Roy, Ned H. Euliss, Jr., Douglas H. Johnson and Malcolm G. Butler
Pages
124-133
Year
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.84 mean 17-day survival rate Not Reported Juvenile 223 Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown (46deg53'N, 98deg38'W) Exposure Factor Datasets 17 d 0.025 SE

Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris)

Citation:

The toxicity of p,p'-DDT to the clapper rail

Author(s)
Van Velzen, Aldeen and J.F. Kreitzer
Pages
305-309
Year
Issue
2
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) 1612 ppm 5 day dietary LC50 Male Juvenile 7 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

Trace element and organochlorine concentrations in California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) eggs

Author(s)
Lonzarich, David G., Thomas E. Harvey and Jean E. Takekawa
Pages
147-153
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CHLORDANE, DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR, MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, SELENIUM (elemental) no effect eggshell thickness compared to those of museum eggs from 1907 and 1936 Female Adult 29 eggs North and South San Francisco Bay Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding biology of the California clapper rail in South San Francisco Bay

Author(s)
Harvey, Thomas E.
Pages
98-104
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7.27 mean clutch size Female Adult 26 nests south San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda 0.96 SD
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 24.2 mean incubation period d Both Male and Female Embryo 5 nests south San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Hatching Success 56% proportion of nests in which at least one egg hatched Both Male and Female Hatchling 50 nests south San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

Organochlorine pesticide and PCB residues in western grebes from Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge

Author(s)
Lindvall, Mark and Jessop B. Low
Pages
754-760
Year
Issue
6
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 12.8 ppm DDE, 0.8 ppm DDD, wet wt mean concentration in breast muscle Not Reported Adult 24 birds Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

The diving and feeding activity of the western grebe on the breeding grounds

Author(s)
Lawrence, George E.
Pages
3-16
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Ascaradina (3), Gastropoda (10, Orthoptera (2), Hemiptera (2), Diptera (1), Coleoptera (4), Siluridae (4), Centrarchidae (77), plant (4) % of total stomach content volume % Not Reported Adult 27 birds Clear Lake Exposure Factor Datasets Lake

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

DDE in birds' eggs: Comparison of two methods for estimating critical levels

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J.
Pages
268-276
Year
Issue
2
Volume
96
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 3 ug/g lowest level of DDE that would result in severely lowered reproductive success Both Male and Female Embryo 156 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Age of first nesting in the brown pelican

Author(s)
Williams, Lovett E., Jr. and Ted Joanen
Pages
279-280
Year
Issue
3
Volume
86
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Age at Sexual Maturity 3 age of first nesting yr Not Reported Adult 13 nests Barataria Bay Exposure Factor Datasets 3 yr
Citation:

Growth and develoment of nestling brown pelicans

Author(s)
Schreiber, Ralph W.
Pages
19-39
Year
Issue
1
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning range of mean fledging ages over four years days Not Reported Fledgling 7-12 birds/year Tarpon Key Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean body weight at hatching g Not Reported Nestling 47 birds Tarpon Key Exposure Factor Datasets

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Significance of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues to breeding pelicans and cormorants

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Joseph J. Hickey, Robert W. Risebrough, Donald F. Hughes, and Robert E. Christensen
Pages
91-112
Year
Volume
83
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 10.4 ppm DDE, 8 ppm est. PCBs, <0.1 ppm DDD, 0.2 ppm DDT residues measured in live and dead eggs Female Adult 11 colonies Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury in wild cormorants, pelicans, their eggs, food and environment

Author(s)
Greichus, Yvonne A. Greichus and R.J. Emerick
Pages
321-328
Year
Issue
6
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 5.7 ppm wet wt PCBs concentration in eggs Female Adult 5 eggs Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive success, developmental anomalies, and environmental contaminants in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Author(s)
Larson, Jill M., William H. Karasov, Louis Sileo, Kenneth L. Stromborg, Barbara A. Hanbidge, John P. Giesy, Paul D. Jones, Donald E. Tillitt and David A. Verbrugge
Pages
553-559
Year
Issue
4
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased compared with reference proportion of nestlings with bill defects Both Male and Female Hatchling 1,511 and 2,700 chicks (2 yrs) Spider Is., Lake Michigan Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin injected into the yolks of double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs prior to incubation

Author(s)
Powell, Debra, Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Don E. Tillitt, Mary E. Kelly, Kenneth L. Stromborg, Mark J. Melancon, Scott D. Fitzgerald, and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
2035-2040
Year
Issue
10
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased @ 175, 349, 698 ug/kg egg mortality in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Nesting phenology of the double-crested cormorant

Author(s)
Kushlan, James A. and Linda C. McEwan
Pages
201-206
Year
Issue
2
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting year-round time during which active nests were observed Both Male and Female Adult 30 colonies south FL Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding success of double-crested cormorants in the San Francisco Bay Area, California

Author(s)
Stenzel, Lynne E., Harry R. Carter, R. Philip Henderson, Steven D. Emslie, Mark J. Rauzon, Gary W. Page, and Patrick Y. O'Brien
Pages
216-224
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 76% proportion of nests in which at least one egg hatched Both Male and Female Hatchling 1056 nests San Francisco Bay estuary Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Environmental influences on the energetics and behavior of anhingas and double-crested cormorants

Author(s)
Henneman, Willard W., III
Pages
201-216
Year
Issue
2
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 1.33 kg Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 5 cormorants Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 85 measured during the day over temperature range -10 to 45 C cm^3 O2/g BW/hr Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 5 cormorants Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Characteristics of a rapidly increasing colony of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in Lake Ontario: Population Size, Reproductive Parameters and Band Recoveries

Author(s)
Weseloh, D.V. Chip and Peter J. Ewins
Pages
443-456
Year
Issue
2
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Clutch or Litter Size range in mean clutches in ground nests (across 4 years) Female Adult 34-127 nests/colony Lake Ontario (43 deg 53'N, 76 deg 24'W) Exposure Factor Datasets spring
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.14 mean number of young produced/active nest (across 10 yrs) Both Male and Female Fledgling Not Reported Lake Ontario (43 deg 53'N, 76 deg 24'W) Exposure Factor Datasets spring

Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of a kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrius) population in an inland saline lake

Author(s)
Fraga, Rosendo M., and Juan A. Amat
Pages
69-85
Year
Issue
1
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.63 clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 316 nests Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Fledging or Weaning Rate 19.3% Percent of nests in which at least one chick hatched. % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 316 nests Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Hatching Success 27.6% (1991), 16.1% (1992) percent of all eggs that hatched % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles, Embryo 254 (1991), 554 (1992) eggs Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Body Weight - Mean 6.33 mean body weight at hatching g Both Male and Female Hatchling 47 Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN 0.56 SD

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

A case of esophageal analysis in shorebird food studies

Author(s)
Rundle, W. Dean
Pages
249-257
Year
Issue
3
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Dietary Composition Physidae (0.9%), Odonata larvae (1.3%), Corixidae adult (1.3%), Coleoptera adult (25.5%), Coleoptera larvae (21.2%), Coleoptera adult pieces (17.0%), Diptera larvae (18.3%), Hymenoptera adult (6.1%), Unidentified (2.6%), plant fibers (1.3%), grit (4.5%) volumetric aggregate percent of esophageal contents Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 15 birds Mingo National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets migrating
Citation:

Aspects of the occurrence of shorebirds on a central California estuary

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel and Claire M. Wolfe
Pages
15-32
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 7.6 (fall), 15.4 (winter), 2.2 (spring) mean population density birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported 5 seasons censused Bolinas Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore Exposure Factor Datasets Marin
Population Density 2.2 (fall), 1.8 (winter), 1.3 (spring) mean population density birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported 10 seasons censused Limantour Estero Exposure Factor Datasets Marin
Citation:

Salt water tolerance and water turnover in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Purdue, James R. and Howard Haines
Pages
248-255
Year
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 71.1 body weight of an individual bird g Not Reported Adult 1 bird Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)

Citation:

Impacts of predators: center nests are less successful than edge nests in a large nesting colony of least terns

Author(s)
Brunton, Dianne H.
Pages
372-380
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 0.79-1.31 mean hatching success during two years of study eggs hatched/nest Not Reported Chick 545-606 nests per study year Sandy Point, West Haven Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding ecology of interior least terns on the unregulated Yellowstone River, Montana

Author(s)
Bacon, Lynn M., and Jay J. Rotella
Pages
391-401
Year
Issue
3
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting June 16, June 30, July 1 mean nest-initiation dates over 3 years of study Both Male and Female Adult 6-17 nests/study year Yellowstone River Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.1-2.7 range of clutch means over 3 years of study eggs/clutch Female Adult 6-18 clutches/study year Yellowstone River Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.1-1.4 range of mean fledging success over 3 study years fledglings/nest Not Reported Juvenile 6-18 nests/study year Yellowstone River Exposure Factor Datasets

California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)

Citation:

Movements and daily activity patterns of a brown pelican in Central California

Author(s)
Croll, Donald A., Lisa T. Ballance, Bernd G. Wursig and Wm. Breck Tyler
Pages
258-260
Year
Volume
88
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Foraging Distance distance travelled by radiotagged bird km/day Not Reported Juvenile 1 bird south Monterey Bay Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival and dispersal of oiled brown pelicans after rehabilitation and release

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Franklin Gress, and D. Michael Fry
Pages
711-718
Year
Issue
10
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Survival/ Mortality 69% estimated survival rate of radiotagged rehabilitated oiled birds at 150-180 days post-release Not Reported Adult 16 Southern California Bight Exposure Factor Datasets rehabilitated oiled birds
Survival/ Mortality 94% estimated survival rate of radiotagged control birds at 150-180 days post-release Not Reported Adult 17 Southern California Bight Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Brown pelicans in central and northern California

Author(s)
Briggs, Kenneth T., Wm. Breck Tyler, David B. Lewis, Paul R. Kelly and Donald A. Croll
Pages
353-373
Year
Issue
4
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal early to mid-summer time of northward movement from southern breeding areas Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 years northern and central coast Exposure Factor Datasets

Light-footed Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. levipes), California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus), Yuma Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. yumanensis)

Citation:

Clapper Rail

Author(s)
Eddleman, William R. and Courtney J. Conway
Pages
167-179
Publisher
The International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Territory Size review Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Yuma Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. yumanensis)

Citation:

Foods of western clapper rails

Author(s)
Ohmart, R.D. and R.E. Tomlinson
Pages
332-336
Year
Issue
2
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition crayfish (94.67%), ground beetle (0.11%), unident. beetle (0.56%), weevils (2.78%), damselfly nymphs (0.11%), grasshoppers (0.11%), insect eggs (.11%), unident. parts (0.78%), spider (0.56%), seeds (0.11%), corbicula (0.06%), unident. mammal bone (0.06%) dietary item occurence by volume in stomach contents Not Reported Adult 9 stomachs Topock Marsh to Imperial Lake Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition isopoda (48.5%), unident. parts (1.50%), corbicula (50.00%) dietary item occurence by volume in stomach contents Not Reported Adult 2 stomachs Gila/Colorado River confluence Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition shrimp (0.25%), water beetle (56.50%), dragonfly nymphs (0.50%), damselfly nymphs (2.00%), leech (3.75%), unident. fish (31.75%) dietary item occurence by volume in stomach contents Not Reported Adult 4 stomachs Colorado Delta Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Seasonal changes in Yuma clapper rail vocalization rate and habitat use

Author(s)
Conway, Courtney J., William R. Eddlemen, Stanley H. Anderson and Louis R. Hanebury
Pages
282-290
Year
Issue
2
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 24 mean home range size ha Not Reported Adult 6 birds lower Colorado River Valley Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Survival estimates for snowy plovers breeding at Great Salt Lake, Utah

Author(s)
Paton, Peter W.C.
Pages
1106-1109
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 2.7 mean life expectancy for an adult plover, based on survival estimate yr Both Male and Female Adult 361 birds captured over 3 yrs Great Salt Lake Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mating system and reproductive success of a small population of polygamous snowy plovers

Author(s)
Warriner, John S., Jane C. Warriner, Gary W. Page and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
15-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Territory Size <0.5 defended nesting territory size on salt pan habitat ha Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Clutch or Litter Size 3 most frequent clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 171 nests Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 27.4 average incubation period (measured from last egg laid to last egg hatched) d Both Male and Female Embryo 57 nests Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey 0.2 SE
Citation:

Breeding biology of snowy plovers at Great Salt Lake, Utah

Author(s)
Paton, Peter W.C.
Pages
275
Year
Issue
2
Volume
107
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Foraging Distance 272 median foraging distance from nest m Male Adult 266 observations Great Salt Lake, Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets 25%-75% quartiles=110-580
Clutch or Litter Size 3 modal clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 327 clutches Great Salt Lake, Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.87 average number of chicks fledged per successful brood chicks/brood Female Adult 3 yrs data collection Great Salt Lake, Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Salt water tolerance and water turnover in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Purdue, James R. and Howard Haines
Pages
248-255
Year
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Water Ingestion Rate 20 daily distilled water consumption as percent of body weight % Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean range in average body weights of treatment groups g Not Reported Adult 3-4 birds/group Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California least tern

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W.
Pages
1-24
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal first two wks Apr timing of dispersal from breeding areas Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1 colony Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 20 approximate age of fledging (first flight) d Not Reported Fledgling 2 birds Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Survival/ Mortality proportion of hatched birds that survived during post-fledging period, 2 years % Not Reported Hatchling 42-140 hatched birds/year Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Status of the least tern at Camp Pendleton, California

Author(s)
Swickard, Deane K.
Pages
49-58
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality estimated annual mortality rate for two years based on juvenile censuses % Not Reported Juvenile 92-195 birds counted Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Reproduction and breeding success of California least terns in Jalisco, Mexico

Author(s)
Garcia, Andres, and Gerardo Ceballos
Pages
1084-1087
Year
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying May to Aug beginning to end of nesting period Both Male and Female Adult 1 colony Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density 40 density of nests at one colony nests/1400 m^2 Both Male and Female Adult 1 colony Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
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