Amphibians

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Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas formerly Bufo boreas)

Citation:

Oxygen consumption of Bufo boreas boreas tadpoles during various developmental stages of metamorphosis

Author(s)
Sivula, Janice C., Michael C. Mix and Donald S. McKenzie
Pages
309-313
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 0.440 g Not Reported Tadpole 26 Exposure Factor Datasets Gosner stage 35 Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 0.458 g Not Reported Tadpole 26 Exposure Factor Datasets Gosner stage 37 Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 0.463 g Not Reported Tadpole 26 Exposure Factor Datasets Gosner stage 40 Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 0.115 g Not Reported Tadpole 25 Exposure Factor Datasets Gosner stage 46 Laboratory
Metabolic Rate range of mean oxygen consumption rates for 11 tadpole stages ul O2/g wet wt./hr Not Reported Tadpole 10-84/age group Exposure Factor Datasets Gosner stages 20-46 Laboratory
Citation:

Interactions of temperature and steroids on larval growth, development and metamorphosis in a toad (Bufo boreas)

Author(s)
Hayes, Tyrone, Ruth Chan and Paul Licht
Pages
206-215
Year
Volume
266
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis May - June Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets

Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)

Citation:

Growth, dispersal and survival of the Pacific tree frog

Author(s)
Jameson, David L.
Pages
25-29
Year
Volume
1956
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Growth Rate range of average increase in snout-vent length for 7 size classes (snout vent length; 28.0 - 35.9 mm) mm/yr Not Reported Adult 13 - 52 Washington County Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 13.3 % surviving their first year % Not Reported Juvenile 15 Washington County Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 8 mo Not Reported Adult Not Reported Washington County Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 11 % surviving one year % Not Reported Adult 373 Washington County Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 2 increase in snout-vent length mm/wk Not Reported Juvenile 30 Washington County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Observations on the ecology and behavior of the pacific treefrog, Hyla regilla

Author(s)
Brattstrom, Bayard H. and James W. Warren
Pages
181-191
Year
Volume
1955
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Torpor or Hibernation July - Oct. Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Gorman (elev., 4000 ft) and Palmdale (elev., 2000 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Patterns of growth and movements in a population of Ensatina eschscholtzii platensis (caudata: plethodontidae) in the Sierra Nevada, California

Author(s)
Staub, N.L., C.W. Brown and D.B. Wake
Pages
593-599
Year
Issue
4
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 22.2 mean final distance from original site of capture m Female Adult Not Reported Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) Exposure Factor Datasets Calaveras 2.8
Home Range range of distances moved from original site of capture m Not Reported Juvenile 7 Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) Exposure Factor Datasets Calaveras
Growth Rate 0.005 changes in snout-vent length measured between recaptures (>1000d) mm/d Male Adult Not Reported Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) Exposure Factor Datasets Calaveras 0.0049
Citation:

Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Author(s)
Stebbins, Robert C.
Pages
47-124
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year 1 clutch/yr Female Adult Not Reported Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Clutch or Litter Size 11 # large ovarian eggs/female #/clutch Female Adult 26 Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Growth Rate see citation figure of growth rates based on changes in snout-vent length Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Longevity range of oldest individuals recorded yrs Both Male and Female Adult 3 Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Age at Sexual Maturity yrs Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Foods of Plethodon larselli, Plethodon dunni and Ensatina eschscholtzi in the Columbia River Gorge, Multnomah County, Oregon

Author(s)
Altig, Ronald and Edmund D. Brodie, Jr.
Pages
226-228
Year
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition gastropoda (1.5%); annelida (1.5%); acarina (10.0%); araneida (17.7%); non-insect arthropods (16.9%); collembola (16.2%); hemiptera (8.5%); coleoptera (3.1%); lepidoptera (0.8%); hymenoptera (12.3%); diptera (10.0%); orthoptera (1.5%) % of total items in stomach contents; Ensatina size class >45 mm % Not Reported Not Reported <22 Multonmah County Exposure Factor Datasets

Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)

Citation:

Feeding ecology of stream-dwelling pacific giant salamander larvae (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)

Author(s)
Parker, Michael S.
Pages
705-718
Year
Volume
1994
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Ephemeroptera (59.1%); Trichoptera (11.7%); Plecoptera (4.5%); Diptera (8.1%); Coleoptera (3.6%); Odonata (1.0%); Hemiptera (<1.0%); Non-Insecta (3.4%); Vertebrates (<1.0%); Terrestrial organisms, Insecta (8.8%) average proportion of total prey items in stomach contents on 11 sampling dates % Not Reported Juvenile 502 Fox Creek [lat., 38^o45'N, 123^o40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Mendocino
Citation:

Metabolic rate of larval and adult pacific giant salamanders, Dicamptodon ensatus (Escholscholtz)

Author(s)
Wood, Stephen C.
Pages
177-179
Year
Volume
1972
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 15.2 (10C); 20.7 (15C); 24.0 (20C) average oxygen consumption measured at various temperatures (10-20C) ul O2/g/h Not Reported Juvenile 4-7/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 20.7 (10C); 31.2 (15C); 63.3 (20C) average oxygen consumption measured at various temperatures (10-20C) ul O2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 4-5/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Small mammals and other prey in the diet of the Pacific giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus)

Author(s)
Bury, R. Bruce
Pages
524-526
Year
Volume
87
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Coleoptera adult (0.21); Orthoptera adult (0.13); Diptera adult (0.07); Lepidoptera larvae (0.20); Hymenoptera (0.05); Arachnida (0.15); Acarina (0.05); Diplopoda (0.37); Isopoda (0.05); Gastropoda (0.50); Amphibian (0.75); Reptilia (5.20); Mammalia (5.50); Rocks (0.05); Vegetable matter (0.05) mean volume of gut contents cc Not Reported Adult 12 Exposure Factor Datasets Del Norte, Humboldt, Marin
Citation:

Comparative food habits of four species of stream-dwelling vertebrates (Dicamptodon ensatus, D. copei, Cottus tenuis, Salmo gairdneri)

Author(s)
Antonelli, Arthur L., Ronald A. Nussbaum and Stamford D. Smith
Pages
277-289
Year
Issue
4
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition see citation monthly % of gut content samples in which organism occurred (n=38 diet items) Not Reported Not Reported 3-34/mo Maratta Creek, Cowlitz County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Ascaphus truei larvae (14.0%); Gastropoda (2.0%); Nematomorpha (2.0%); Arachnoidea (8.0%); Plecoptera (46.0%); Tricoptera larvae (52.0%); Tricoptera adults (6.0%); Coleoptera larvae (30.0%); Coleoptera adults (28.0%); Ephemeroptera nymphs (28.0%); Emphemeroptera adults (2.0%); Diptera larvae (20.0%); Diptera adults (10.0%); Lepidoptera larvae (4.0%); Orthoptera (2.0%); Misc. (46.0%) % of stomach contents containing item % Not Reported Juvenile 50 Palouse River, Latah County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Stomach contents of Idaho larval Dicamptodon

Author(s)
Metter, Dean E.
Pages
435-436
Year
Volume
1963
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Ascaphus truei larvae (7%); Gastropoda (1%); Nematomorpha (1%); Arachnoidea (4%); Plecoptera nymphs (23%); Tricoptera larvae (26%); Tricoptera adults (3%); Coleoptera larvae (15%); Coleoptera adults (14%); Ephemeroptera nymphs (14%); Diptera larvae (10%) Diptera adults (5%); Lepidoptera (2%); Orthoptera (1%); Misc. (23%) % of stomachs containing the item % Not Reported Juvenile 50 Palouse River, Latah County Exposure Factor Datasets

California Newt (Taricha torosa)

Citation:

Impact of chaparral wildfire-induced sedimentation on oviposition of stream-breeding California newts (Taricha torosa)

Author(s)
Gamradt, Seth C. and Lee B. Kats
Pages
546-549
Year
Volume
110
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of mean densities measured each yr for 4 yrs #/10 m2 Not Reported Adult 4 yearly surveys 750m stretch of Cold Creek, Santa Monica Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Population Density range of mean densities of egg masses measured each yr for 4 yrs #/ 10 m2 Not Reported Embryo 4 yearly surveys 750m stretch of Cold Creek, Santa Monica Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Citation:

The reproductive cycle in Taricha torosa (Triturus torosus)

Author(s)
Miller, Malcom R. and Marilyn E. Robbins
Pages
415-445
Year
Volume
125
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Body Weight - Mean range of means from 5 sampling dates g Male Adult 2-10/sampling date Palo Alto Exposure Factor Datasets mature gonads
Body Weight - Mean range of means from 5 sampling dates g Male Adult 4-7/sampling date Palo Alto Exposure Factor Datasets unmatured gonads
Body Weight - Mean range of means for 8 sampling dates g Male Adult 1-10/sampling date Palo Alto Exposure Factor Datasets sperm evacuated testes
Body Weight - Mean range of means from 5 sampling dates g Female Adult 2-10/sampling date Palo Alto Exposure Factor Datasets mature gonads
Citation:

The number of egg masses and eggs laid by the California newt, Taricha torosa

Author(s)
Brame, Arden H.
Pages
169-170
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/mass Female Adult 6 egg masses Sycamore Canyon Creek, San Gabriel Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Citation:

Ontogenetic changes in California newts (Taricha torosa) in response to chemical cues from conspecific predators

Author(s)
Kats, Lee B., Jennifer A. Breeding and Kimberly M. Hanson
Pages
321-325
Year
Issue
2
Volume
13
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation time from egg to hatching wks Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Santa Monica Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Population Density 2.6 #/10 m2 Not Reported Adult Not Reported Santa Monica Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Population Density range of larval densities in pools with or without adults during June-July #/m2 Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Santa Monica Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets larvae Los Angeles

Eastern Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. columbianum)

Citation:

Life history characteristics of populations of the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) from different altitudes

Author(s)
Howard, James H. and Richard L. Wallace
Pages
361-373
Year
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 166.5 eggs/cluster averaged 16.7 eggs/female Female Adult 25 Lindsey Creek, Perce County (elev., 420m) Exposure Factor Datasets 59.7 SD
Growth Rate increase in snout-vent length mm/d Both Male and Female Juvenile 223 Lindsey Creek, Perce County (elev., 420m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr.-May time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Bear Wallow, Baker County (elev., 1140m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 105.3 eggs/cluster averaged 14.8 eggs/female Female Adult 16 Bear Wallow, Baker County (elev., 1140m) Exposure Factor Datasets 31.03 SD
Growth Rate increase in snout-vent length mm/d Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Bear Wallow, Baker County (elev., 1140m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Southern Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. sigillatum)

Citation:

A comparison of the life histories of coastal and montane populations of Ambystoma macrodactylum in California

Author(s)
Anderson, James D.
Pages
323-355
Year
Issue
2
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Growth Rate see citation figure of seasonal changes in total length Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Big Meadow (elev., 1980m) and Mosquito Lakes (elev., 2450 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Alpine, Calaveras
Age at Sexual Maturity 3 yrs Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Big Meadow (elev., 1980m) and Mosquito Lakes (elev., 2450 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Alpine, Calaveras
Citation:

Growth and age of Alberta long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum krausei): a comparison of two methods of estimation

Author(s)
Russell, Anthony P., G. Lawrence Powell and Dean R. Hall
Pages
397-412
Year
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Age at Sexual Maturity 2 yrs Not Reported Adult 170 Bow Valley (elev., 1290-1375m), [lat.,51^o05'N; long., 115^o4'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Longevity 10 maximum lifespan yr Not Reported Adult 170 Bow Valley (elev., 1290-1375m), [lat.,51^o05'N; long., 115^o4'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora) formerly Rana aurora ssp. aurora

Citation:

Survival of embryos, tadpoles, and adults of the frogs Rana aurora aurora and Rana pretiosa pretiosa sympatric in southwestern British Columbia

Author(s)
Licht, Lawrence E.
Pages
613-627
Year
Issue
5
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 680 # ova/egg mass Female Adult Not Reported White Rock, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality embryo survival, estimated by counting # dead embryos in 100 eggs/egg mass % Not Reported Embryo, Juvenile 22 egg masses White Rock, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets stage 13 CANADA
Survival/ Mortality <1 survival from hatching to metamorphosis % Not Reported Tadpole 9,901-12,512 hatching embryos White Rock, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 5.3 survival from tadpole to young-of-the-year frogs % Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported White Rock, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 68.6 annual minimal survival % Not Reported Adult 67 White Rock, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Reproduction and development of the red-legged frog, Rana aurora, in northwestern Washington

Author(s)
Brown, Herbert A.
Pages
241-252
Year
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Growth Rate 0.62 average growth rate (total length) from stages 23-30 mm/d Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported Lake Louise Wildlife Sanctuary, Bellingham, Whatcom county (elev., 120m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.99 average growth rate (total length) from stages 30-39 mm/d Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported Lake Louise Wildlife Sanctuary, Bellingham, Whatcom county (elev., 120m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis July Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported Lake Louise Wildlife Sanctuary, Bellingham, Whatcom county (elev., 120m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Rana aurora (Baird and Girard), Red-legged frog

Author(s)
Altig, Ronald and Philip C. Dumas
Pages
1-4
Year
Volume
160
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of introduced bullfrogs and smallmouth bass on microhabitat use, growth, and survival of native red-legged frogs (Rana aurora)

Author(s)
Kiesecker, Joseph M. and Andrew R. Blaustein
Pages
776-787
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean see citation figure of mean mass of larvae with and without bullfrog presence Not Reported Hatchling 100-150 field enclosures at E.E. Wilson Wildlife Refuge, Benton County Exposure Factor Datasets Gosner stage 25 larvae

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

Survival rate, population density and development of a naturally occurring anuran larvae (Rana catesbeiana)

Author(s)
Cecil, Stephen G. and John J. Just
Pages
447-453
Year
Volume
1979
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis July - Sept. Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported Coldstream Pond and Fred Pond, northeast of Lexington, [38o06'23"N, 84o30'08"W] Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 1 yr Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported Coldstream Pond and Fred Pond, northeast of Lexington, [38o06'23"N, 84o30'08"W] Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean see citation figure of annual variation in weight g Not Reported Tadpole 27 - 1817 Coldstream Pond and Fred Pond, northeast of Lexington, [38o06'23"N, 84o30'08"W] Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology and management of the bullfrog

Author(s)
Bury, R. B. and J.A. Whelan
Pages
23
Publisher
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Resource Publication No. 155
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis Review Both Male and Female Tadpole Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Emergence, breeding, hibernation, movements and transformation of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, in Missouri

Author(s)
Willis, Yuell L., Don L. Moyle, and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
30-41
Year
Volume
1956
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying May (begin), June (peak), Aug. (end) Measured as examining percentage of females with gonads in different developmental stages Female Adult 350 farm ponds, Boone County Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Oct. - Mar. Not Reported Adult Not Reported farm ponds, Boone County Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range distance of pond shoreline used ft Not Reported Adult 31 farm ponds, Boone County Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis May (begin), July-Aug. (peak), Oct. (end) Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported farm ponds, Boone County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Intersexual differences in growth, mortality, and size at maturity in bullfrogs in central Ontario

Author(s)
Shirose, L.J., R.J. Brooks, J.R. Barta and S.S. Desser
Pages
2363-2369
Year
Issue
12
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Growth Rate 0.0841 mm/d Male 12 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 3 yr CANADA 0.01882 SE
Growth Rate 0.1250 mm/d Female 10 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 4 yr CANADA 0.02155 SE
Growth Rate 0.0697 mm/d Male 7 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 4 yr CANADA 0.03720 SE
Growth Rate 0.0449 mm/d Female 5 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 5 yr CANADA 0.00996 SE
Growth Rate -0.0043 mm/d Male 4 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 5 yr CANADA 0.33534 SE
Citation:

Home range and movements of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (Shaw), in an Ontario pond

Author(s)
Currie, William and Edward D. Bellis
Pages
688-692
Year
Volume
1969
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Home Range 8.6 mean activity radius; median = 7.2 ft; mode = 5.0-5.9 ft ft Both Male and Female Adult 131 pond at Go Home Bay, Ontario [lat.,45N; long., 79^o59'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

An analysis of the food habits of the bullfrog by body size, sex, month, and habitat

Author(s)
Brooks, G. R., Jr.
Pages
173-186
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Insecta (51.8%); Arachnida (11.2%); Amphibia (2.8%); Diploda (1.3%); Gastropoda (1.3%); Crustacea (1.4%);Teleosts (1.1%); Mammalia (0.2%); Oligochaeta (1.3%); Reptilia (0.2%); Pebbles and sand (3.4%); Vegetative material (12.5%); Digested material (11.6%) % occurrence of item; obtained by dividing # of a specific item taken by total # of items; based on stomach contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 129 ponds, Hanover County Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Insecta (20.6%); Arachnida (4.8%); Amphibia (27.4%); Diploda (0.3%); Gastropoda (1.0%); Crustacea (4.3%);Teleosts (0.6%); Mammalia (5.0%); Oligochaeta (1.3%); Reptilia (6.4%); Pebbles and sand (8.0%); Vegetative material (12.3%); Digested material (7.3%) % weight of an item; obtained by dividing the weight of a specific item by the total weight of all items; obtained from stomach contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 129 ponds, Hanover County Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 0.4 average weight of stomach contents for frogs with an average body weight of 17.5 g g Both Male and Female Not Reported 78 ponds, Hanover County Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 2.33 average weight of stomach contents for frogs with an average body weight of 106.3 g g Both Male and Female Not Reported 42 ponds, Hanover County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Relation of body size and surface area to gas exchange in anurans

Author(s)
Hutchinson, Victor H., W.G. Whitford and M. Kohl
Pages
65-85
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 24.56 Cutaneous oxygen uptake at 5C ul O2/g/hr Not Reported 9 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) invasion of a California river: the role of larval competition

Author(s)
Kupferberg, Sarah J.
Pages
1736-1751
Year
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Population Density 90.9 #/m2 Both Male and Female Tadpole 20 quadrats Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] Exposure Factor Datasets "overwintered" tadpoles Mendocino 97.7 SD
Citation:

Seasonal rhythms of development and temperature selection in larval bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana Shaw

Author(s)
Crawshaw, Larry I.; Richard N. Rausch; Lonnie P. Wollmuth and Ethan J. Bauer
Pages
346-359
Year
Issue
2
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Growth Rate 0.4 measured at 25C; Taylor-Kollros stages stages/d Not Reported Tadpole 11-14 Exposure Factor Datasets Taylor-Kollros stages 10-22 Laboratory
Growth Rate 0.02 measured at 25C; Taylor-Kollros stages stages/d Not Reported Tadpole 11-14 Exposure Factor Datasets Taylor-Kollros stages 10-22 Laboratory
Citation:

Growth responses of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, fed various live foods

Author(s)
Modzelewski, Edward H., Jr, and Dudley D. Culley, Jr.
Pages
396-405
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 5.9 mean % body weight consumed per day, body weight mean = 29.8 g % Not Reported Juvenile 25 Exposure Factor Datasets 2 mo post-transformation Laboratory
Food Ingestion Rate 4.0 mean % body weight consumed per day, body weight mean = 42.4 g % Not Reported Juvenile 25 Exposure Factor Datasets 3 mo post-transformation Laboratory
Food Ingestion Rate 3.3 mean % body weight consumed per day, body weight mean = 55.8 g % Not Reported Juvenile 25 Exposure Factor Datasets 4 mo post-transformation Laboratory
Citation:

Alternative mating behaviors of young male bullfrogs

Author(s)
Howard, Richard D.
Pages
397-406
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Survival/ Mortality 0.42 probability of survival (age x-1 to age x) Male Not Reported Edwin S. George Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets 2 or 3 yrs
Survival/ Mortality 0.52 probability of survival (age x-1 to age x) Male Adult Not Reported Edwin S. George Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets 4 yrs
Survival/ Mortality 0.23 probability of survival (age x-1 to age x) Male Adult Not Reported Edwin S. George Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets 5 yrs
Citation:

A comparison of spring food habits of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, in three habitats of central Arkansas

Author(s)
McKamie, J.A. and G.A. Heidt
Pages
107-111
Year
Issue
1
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition see citation % occurrence of 44 food items in stomach contents (species level) Not Reported Not Reported 139 streams, ponds, strip pits in Pulaski, Loanoke and Saline counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog) cannibalism

Author(s)
Stuart, James N. and Charles W. Painter
Pages
103
Year
Issue
3
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Newly metamorphosed and larval Rana (87%), Aquatic snails (5%), Adult and larval aquatic Coleoptera (3%), Adult and larval Odonata (3%), Other (2%) Total percent volume of stomach contents, frog snout-vent length range = 90 - 190 mm Both Male and Female Adult 138 Wall Lake, southeast Catron County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Age, growth, and homing in the bullfrog

Author(s)
Durham, Leonard and George W. Bennett
Pages
107-123
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Time of Mating/ Laying May - June Female Adult Not Reported Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 0.02 at metamorphosis lbs Not Reported 48 Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County Exposure Factor Datasets at metamorphosis
Citation:

Comparative food habits of sympatric mink frogs, bullfrogs, and green frogs

Author(s)
Stewart, Margaret M. and Peggy Sandison
Pages
241-244
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition see citation % frequency of 26 food items in stomach contents (family level) Not Reported Adult 24 Cranberry Lake Biological Station, Barber Point, Cranberry Lake Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Differences in food of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) from pond and stream habitats in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Tyler, Jack. D. and Roger D. Hoestenbach, Jr.
Pages
33-38
Year
Issue
1
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Gastropoda (0.7%), Arachnida (0.2%), Crustacea (12.8%), Insecta (81.5%), Chilopoda (0.2%), Osteichthyes, Cyprinidae (8.7%), Ictaluridae (10.1%), Centrarchidae (2.9%), Amphibia (0.7%), Mammalia (0.5%) Percent stomachs containing item Not Reported Not Reported 415 ponds, Comanche and Kiowa counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The life period, growth and differentiation of Rana catesbeiana larvae occurring in nature

Author(s)
Viparina, Sally and John J. Just
Pages
103-109
Year
Volume
1975
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean Range of means g Not Reported Tadpole 41 - 194 ponds, University of Kentucky, Lexington [lat.,38^o06'23"N; long., 84^o30'08"W] Exposure Factor Datasets Taylor-Kollros stages II - IX

Boreal Toad (Anaxyrus boreas ssp. boreas formerly Bufo boreas ssp. boreas)

Citation:

Breeding behavior of the boreal toad, Bufo boreas boreas (Baird and Girard), in western Montana

Author(s)
Black, Jeffrey Howard and Royal Bruce Brunson
Pages
109-113
Year
Issue
2
Volume
31
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - July time of mating Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported ponds, Missoula and Ravalli counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Aerobic and anaerobic energy expenditure during rest and activity in Montane Bufo boreas boreas and Rana pipiens

Author(s)
Carey, Cynthia
Pages
213-228
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 40.2 g Both Male and Female Adult 50 East River Valley, Gothic, Gunnison county (elev., 3000 - 3355m) Exposure Factor Datasets 5.62 SE
Metabolic Rate log SMR = -2.23 + 0.037(T) equation relating standard metabolic rate (SMR; cm3 O2/g/hr), measured as oxygen consumption, to body temperature (T, 10-30C) on animals captured no more than a week before testing cm3 O2/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 30 captured at East River Valley, Gothic, Gunnison county (elev., 3000 - 3355m) Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Metabolic Rate log AMR = -1.13 +0.067(T) - 0.0008(T)^2 polynomial equation relating active metabolic rate (AMR; cm3 O2/g/hr), measured as oxygen consumption, to body temperature (T, 10-30C) in animals captured no more than a week before testing cm3 O2/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 49 captured at East River Valley, Gothic, Gunnison county (elev., 3000 - 3355m) Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Arroyo Toad (Anaxyrus californicus formerly Bufo microscaphus ssp. californicus)

Citation:

Observations on the natural history of the California toad, Bufo californicus Camp

Author(s)
Cunningham, John D.
Pages
255-260
Year
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis June - July Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported Mojave River Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Patterns of growth and movements in a population of Ensatina eschscholtzii platensis (caudata: plethodontidae) in the Sierra Nevada, California

Author(s)
Staub, N.L., C.W. Brown and D.B. Wake
Pages
593-599
Year
Issue
4
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Growth Rate 0.092 change in snout-vent length measured between recaptures (>1000d) mm/d Female Adult Not Reported Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) Exposure Factor Datasets Calaveras USA 0.0071
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