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Pacific Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (2,4'-) 0.005-0.32 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 20 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
CHLORDANE ?: not detected, ?: 0.313725 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile ?: 12, ?: 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
MERCURY (elemental) 0.006 ± 0.002 µg/g ww Egg concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 29 Pacific Coast Toxicity Factor Datasets PANAMA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.002 ± 0.001 µg/g ww Eggshell concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 48 eggs, 12 nests Chabahar Beach Toxicity Factor Datasets IRAN
CADMIUM (elemental) < LOD µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
MERCURY (elemental) 0.03 ± 0.02 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
SELENIUM (elemental) 0.46 ± 0.34 µg/g ww Liver concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
CADMIUM (elemental) 0.06 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 42 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE ?: 0.16160, ?: 1.169761, ?: 0.773151, ?: 0.790514 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) 0.001-0.26 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
HEPTACHLOR 2.731588 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
LEAD (elemental) 0.003 ± 0.002 µg/g ww Egg concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 11 Pacific Coast Toxicity Factor Datasets PANAMA
LEAD (elemental) 0.77 ± 0.20 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 48 eggs, 12 nests Chabahar Beach Toxicity Factor Datasets IRAN
CHROMIUM (elemental) 0.04 ± 0.03 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
MANGANESE COMPOUNDS 0.31 ± 0.06 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
ZINC (elemental) 4.04 ± 1.85 µg/g ww Liver concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
STRONTIUM 0.28 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 14 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ALDRIN 0.957726 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDD (4,4'-) Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 1.844882 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
LEAD (elemental) 3.31 ± 0.65 µg/g ww Yolk concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 48 eggs, 12 nests Chabahar Beach Toxicity Factor Datasets IRAN
ZINC (elemental) 36.78 ± 3.20 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 48 eggs, 12 nests Chabahar Beach Toxicity Factor Datasets IRAN
COPPER (elemental) 1.92 ± 1.69 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
NICKEL (elemental) 3.31 ± 1.69 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
IRON (elemental) 343.57 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 42 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ENDRIN 1.064513 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 38 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDE (4,4'-) Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDD (2,4'-) Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 1 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ZINC (elemental) 33.88 ± 2.65 µg/g ww Yolk concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 48 eggs, 12 nests Chabahar Beach Toxicity Factor Datasets IRAN
COPPER (elemental) 2.01 ± 0.23 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 48 eggs, 12 nests Chabahar Beach Toxicity Factor Datasets IRAN
IRON (elemental) 4.74 ± 1.12 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
LEAD (elemental) 0.03 ± 0.01 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY

Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
MERCURY (elemental) 0.81 ± 0.50 µg/g dw Feather concentration Both Male and Female Nestling 10 Georgia & South Carolina Toxicity Factor Datasets USA

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dioxin in larval and adult forms of Rana catesbeiana

Author(s)
Beatty, Patrick W., Myron A. Holscher and Robert A. Neal
Pages
578-581
Year
Issue
5
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect Both Male and Female Adult 5 animals/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect histopathological changes in liver, kidney, lung, heart and gonads Both Male and Female Adult 5 animals/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Biochemical and hematological effects of lead ingestion in nestling American kestrels

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., J. Christian Franson, Oliver H. Pattee, Christine M. Bunck, and Helen C. Murray
Pages
431-439
Year
Issue
2
Volume
80
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) decrease at 125, 625 mg/kg bw (71-79%) kidney delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decrease at 125, 625 mg/kg bw (20-25%) liver delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Acute toxicity of four anticholinesterase insecticides to American kestrels, eastern screech owls, and northern bobwhites

Author(s)
Wiemeyer, Stanley N. and Donald W. Sparling
Pages
1139-1148
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CARBOFURAN 0.6 mg/kg bw (0.5-1.0 95% CI) LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
MONOCROTOPHOS 1.5 mg/kg bw LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
EPN 68% (10.0 SD) mean brain cholinesterase depression (relative to control) in birds that died in 8 hrs post-dose Both Male and Female Adult 12 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Metabolic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in the American kestrel

Author(s)
Lincer, Jeffrey L., and David B. Peakall
Pages
783-784
Year
Volume
228
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS increased @ 0.5, 5 ppm in vitro microsomal breakdown of oestradiol Both Male and Female Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1262, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS increased @ 0.5, 5 ppm in vitro microsomal breakdown of oestradiol Both Male and Female Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS increased @ 5 ppm amount of liver cytoplasmic RNA Both Male and Female Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Selenium accumulation and effects on reproduction in captive American kestrels fed selenomethionine

Author(s)
Santolo, Gary M., Julie T. Yamamoto, Jacqueline M. Pisenti, Barry W. Wilson
Pages
502-511
Year
Issue
2
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE no effect percent of pairs that laid eggs, number of fertile pairs and egg hatchability versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group; 10 control pairs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE no effect egg mass, width, length, and volume versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group; 10 control pairs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Methyl parathion and fenvalerate toxicity in American kestrels: acute physiological responses and effects of cold

Author(s)
Rattner, Barnett A. and J. Christian Franson
Pages
787-792
Year
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLPARATHION increased at 2, 3 mg/kg bw abnormal posture, ataxia, paresis Both Male and Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
METHYLPARATHION increase at 3 mg/kg bw mortality rate 2 hr post-dose Both Male and Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Survival, growth, and accumulation of ingested lead in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Christian J. Franson, Oliver H. Pattee, Christine M. Bunck and Allen Anderson
Pages
89-94
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) 40% at 625 mg/kg bw Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Toxicity of Zectran insecticide to several wildlife species

Author(s)
Tucker, Richard K. and D. Glen Crabtree
Pages
1307-1310
Year
Issue
6
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
MEXACARBATE 2.83 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Not Reported 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Lead and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in the blood of mourning doves dosed with lead

Author(s)
Castrale, John S., and Mark Oster
Pages
265-272
Year
Volume
102
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) increased at all doses lead concentrations in blood Both Male and Female Adult 10 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decreased at all doses delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD)activity in blood Both Male and Female Adult 10 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of PCBs on mourning dove courtship behavior

Author(s)
Tori, Gildo M. and Tony J. Peterle
Pages
44-49
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
AROCLOR 1254 increased at 10, 40 ppm length of courtship period Both Male and Female Adult 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets breeding Laboratory
Citation:

Radiocesium in mourning doves: Effects of a contaminated reservoir drawdown and risk to human consumers

Author(s)
Kennamer, Robert A., I. Lehr Brisbin, Jr., Clark D. McCreedy and Joanna Burger
Pages
497-508
Year
Issue
2
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CESIUM COMPOUNDS 0.24 (0.027 SE) Bq/g, wet weight (whole body)
0.30 (0.036 SE) Bq/g, wet weight (muscle) 		whole body and muscle concentrations of 137Cesium Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 27 doves Par Pond reservoir system, Savannah River Site Toxicity Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Responses of small-mammal populations to a forest herbicide application in a 20-year-old conifer plantation

Author(s)
Sullivan, Thomas P. and Druscilla S. Sullivan
Pages
95-106
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
GLYPHOSATE no effect population density (decreases) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported University of British Columbia Research Forest, Maple Ridge, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Copper, zinc, and cadmium concentrations in Peromyscus maniculatus sampled near an abandoned copper mine

Author(s)
Laurinolli, M. and L.I. Bendell-Young
Pages
481-486
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, ZINC COMPOUNDS Diet:Soil; 128.0 (Cd), 1.31 (Cu), 1.87 (Zn). Liver:Soil; 35.3 (Cd), 0.17 (Cu), 1.25 (Zn). Liver:Diet; 0.27 (Cd), 0.12 (Cu), 0.66 (Zn). Ratio of metal concentrations (ug/g dry weight) in diet:soil, liver:soil and liver:diet at an abandoned mine site. Diet concentrations measured from stomach contents. Soil based on acid extractable concentrations. Soil copper; liver cadmium, copper an Both Male and Female Adult 6-9 soil or tissue samples/site Blue Grouse Mountain Copper Mine, Honeymoon Bay, Vancouver Island, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Effects of the organophosphate pesticide Counter on laboratory deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Author(s)
Block, Elizabeth, K., Thomas E. Lacher, Jr. and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
377-383
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
TERBUFOS increase @ 1.69 and 2.48 mg/kg Both Male and Female Not Reported 70 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TERBUFOS decrease at 1.69 and 2.48 mg/kg brain cholinesterase activity Both Male and Female Not Reported 70 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Demographic responses of small mammal populations to a herbicide application in coastal coniferous forest: population density and resiliency

Author(s)
Sullivan, Thomas P.
Pages
874-883
Year
Volume
68
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
GLYPHOSATE no effect population density, compared to control site Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 trapping periods Maple Ridge, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE increase % of trapped males and females in breeding condition, compared to control site Both Male and Female Adult 24 - 62 animals Maple Ridge, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Responses of a deer mouse population to a forest herbicide application: reproduction, growth, and survival

Author(s)
Sullivan, Thomas P. and Druscilla S. Sullivan
Year
Volume
59
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
GLYPHOSATE decrease number of hardwood trees in study area Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1 study area Maple Ridge, BC Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) 5.8 ppm; range, 3.6-8.2 ppm (wet wt) mean and range of concentration in carcass, wet wt Both Male and Female Adult 4 bats near cities Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDD (4,4'-) 0.1 ppm; range, <0.1-0.3 ppm (wet wt) mean and range of concentration in carcass, wet wt Both Male and Female Adult 4 bats near cities Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) 1.8 ppm; range, 0.6-3.8 ppm (wet wt) mean and range of concentration in carcass, wet wt Both Male and Female Adult 4 bats near cities Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Fecundity and progeny growth following subacute insecticide ingestion by the mallard

Author(s)
Muller, H.D. and D.C. Lockman
Pages
239-241
Year
Volume
51
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARATHION decrease eggshell thickness, compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 5 trios (2F, 1M)/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PARATHION no effect progeny growth (average body weights) at hatch to 6 wks of age Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 trios (2F, 1M adults)/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Delayed neurotoxicity induced by organophosphorus compounds in the wild mallard duckling: Effect of leptophos

Author(s)
Herin, R.A., A.A. Komeil, Doyle G. Graham, A. Curley and M.B. Abou-Donia
Pages
233-240
Year
Volume
1
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEPTOPHOS 5/5 @ 260 ppm incidence of ataxia Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
LEPTOPHOS 4/5 @ 260 ppm incidence of CNS lesions Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of chronic ingestion of south Louisiana crude oil on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Szaro, Robert C., Michael P. Dieter, Gary H. Heinz and John F. Ferrell
Pages
426-436
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS increase @ 0.025 - 5% pathological release of ornithine carbamyltransferase from kidney Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-8 wks post-hatch Laboratory
CRUDE OILS increase @ 5% incidence of degeneration of kidney tubules Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-8 wks post-hatch Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of arsenate on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Camardese, Michael B., David J. Hoffman, Leonard J. LeCaptain and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
785-795
Year
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
ARSENATE, SODIUM no effect survival rate versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
ARSENATE, SODIUM no effect incidence of histopathological lesions, and liver, brain, and spleen weights Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
ARSENATE, SODIUM increased @ 300 ppm plasma biochemistry changes versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary nickel on survival and growth of mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Cain, Brian W. and Ellen A. Pafford
Pages
737-745
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
NICKEL SULFATE no effect organ wt:body wt ratios Both Male and Female Juvenile 36 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
NICKEL SULFATE 1.0-22.7 (liver), 2.7-74.4 (kidney) ppm, wet wt Ni concentrations (ranges) in liver and kidney in ducklings that died @ 1200 ppm Both Male and Female Juvenile 36 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of age on sensitivity: Acute oral toxicity of 14 pesticides to mallard ducks of several ages

Author(s)
Hudson, R.H., R.K. Tucker and M.A. Haegele
Pages
556-561
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CARBOFURAN 0.370 (0.283-0.484), 0.628 (0.530-0.744), 0.510 (0.410-0.635), 0.415 (0.333-0.516) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, or 6 mos Laboratory
PARATHION 1.65 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 36 hours Laboratory
DEMETON 13.3 (11.0-16.2), 15.3 (12.9-18.1), 15.1 (12.0-19.0), 8.19 (6.58-10.2) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, or 6 mos Laboratory
PARATHION 1.44 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 days Laboratory
Citation:

DDE feeding and plasma osmoregulation in ducks, guillemots and puffins

Author(s)
Miller, David S., William B. Kinter, David B. Peakall and Robert W. Risebrough
Pages
370-376
Year
Volume
231
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DDE (4,4'-) no effect nasal gland and kidney Na-K-ATPase activity, following exposure to 100% seawater Both Male and Female Juvenile 4-5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 3-5 mo Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) no effect body weight or plasma electrolyte levels Both Male and Female Juvenile 4 Toxicity Factor Datasets 3-5 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of crude oil on mallard embryos on day one of development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J.
Pages
632-637
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 1, 5, 10 ul 18-d % survival, mean embryonic weight, crown-rump length (5ul) and bill length Both Male and Female Embryo 50/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1d of development Laboratory
CRUDE OILS increase @ 1, 5 ul % abnormal survivors, compared to controls Both Male and Female Embryo 50/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1d of development Laboratory
Citation:

Subchronic dietary toxicity of strychnine: bobwhite quail are less sensitive than mallard ducks.

Author(s)
Sterner, R.T., C.A. Pederson, B.R. Helsten, and M.J. Goodall
Pages
498-505
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) 91.1 ug/g No Observable Effect Level, based on mortality, pathology, clinical signs Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) 679.8 ug/g (194.3-442.6 95% CI ) LC50 Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of boron and selenium on mallard reproduction and duckling growth and survival

Author(s)
Stanley, Thomas R., Jr., Gregory J. Smith, David J. Hoffman, Gary H. Heinz, and Roger Rosscoe
Pages
1124-1132
Year
Issue
7
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced @ 900 ppm B body weight versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect onset of egg laying, eggshell thickness, frequency of embryo deformities versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Acute effects of lead, steel, tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer shot administered to game-farm mallards

Author(s)
Kelly, M.E., S.D. Fitzgerald, R.J. Aulerich, R.J. Balander, D.C. Powell, R.L. Stickle, W. Stevens, C. Cray, R.J. Tempelman and S.J. Bursian
Pages
673-687
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS reduced for lead shot body weight versus all other groups Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mo Laboratory
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS reduced for lead shot hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations versus all other groups Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Acute toxicity of ingested bismuth alloy shot in game-farm mallards

Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C., William L. Anderson, George L. Foley, Loretta M. Skowron, Jeffrey D. Brawn and James W. Seets
Pages
185-215
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS no effect mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 20 males, 20 females per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS no effect body weight, organ weights (liver, kidney, gonads, gizzard) or hematocrit versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 20 males, 20 females per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Selenium accumulation and elimination in mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., G.W. Pendleton, A.J. Krynitsky and L.G. Gold
Pages
374-379
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE liver: 18.7 d
muscle: 30.1 d 		half life of selenium in tissues Both Male and Female Adult 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Embryotoxic effects of crude oil in mallard ducks and chicks

Author(s)
Hoffman, D.J.
Pages
183-190
Year
Volume
46
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decreased @ 5 uL/egg embryonic weight (females) and crown rump length (both sexes) Both Male and Female Hatchling 65 eggs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 days Laboratory
Citation:

PCB intake and the growth of waterfowl: multivariate analyses based on a reparameterized Richards sigmoid model

Author(s)
Brisbin, I. Lehr, Jr., Gary C. White and Parshall B. Bush
Pages
1-11
Year
Volume
50
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
AROCLOR 1254 significant effect PCB treatment altered the shape of the body weight growth curve but not the asymptotic weight Both Male and Female Juvenile 15/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1d at initiation Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of an environmental contaminant, diisopropyl methylphosphonate, on the blood pressure of the mallard

Author(s)
Jones, Ross E., Kathy S. Howell and Robert K. Ringer
Pages
314-320
Year
Volume
5
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIISOPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE decrease mean blood pressure, compared to baseline prior to exposure Both Male and Female Adult 12 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Uptake and retention of dietary cadmium in mallard ducks

Author(s)
White, Donald H. and Mack T. Finley
Pages
53-59
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 20 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Efficacy and safety of diphacinone as a predacide

Author(s)
Savarie, P.J., D.J. Hayes, R.T. McBride and J.D. Roberts
Pages
69-79
Publisher
American Society for Testing and Materials
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIPHACINONE 0.6 [0.3 - 1.2 (95% CL)] mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 2/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of lithium chloride in coyote pup diet

Author(s)
Burns, Richard J.
Pages
350-356
Year
Volume
50
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LITHIUM CHLORIDE decrease @ 18g/1500 g/d body weight gain in nursing pups of mothers fed LiCl contaminated diet Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 4 pups/2 adults Toxicity Factor Datasets 10-19d Laboratory

Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris ssp. nereis)

Citation:

Butyltin residues in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) found dead along California coastal waters

Author(s)
Kannan, Kurunthachalam, Keerthi S. Guruge, Nancy J. Thomas, Shinsuke Tanabe and John P. Giesy
Pages
1169-1175
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
TIN, BUTYL increase otters that died of infectious disease contained butyltin liver concentrations greater than those that died of trauma Both Male and Female Adult 8-14 animals Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Accumulation pattern of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) found stranded along coastal California, USA

Author(s)
Nakata, H., K. Kannan, L. Jing, N. Thomas, S. Tanabe and J.P. Giesy
Pages
45-53
Year
Volume
103
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) increase otters that died from infectious diseases contained higher liver DDTs concentrations that those that died of trauma Both Male and Female Adult 4-8 Toxicity Factor Datasets

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Effects of fertilizer-induced reduction of invertebrates on reproductive success of loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven, and Mark A. Deyrup
Pages
307-312
Year
Volume
139
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
AMMONIUM NITRATE significantly increased (138.5% +/- 86.1 SD) percent increase in breeding territory size post-spray vs. unsprayed controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 4 control, 8 treatment territories MacArthur Agroecology Research Center, Archbold Biological Station Toxicity Factor Datasets
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