Population Density

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Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

The life and demography of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Tinkle, Donald W.
Pages
1 - 182
Year
Volume
132
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of densities over 2 yrs #/acre Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Mesa County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Latitudinal variation in activity season mortality rates of the lizard Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Wilson, Byron S.
Pages
393-414
Year
Issue
4
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of average densities estimated over 2 yrs #/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Chuckwalla Mountains (elev., 460m), [lat., 33^o37'N; long., 115^o18' W] Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Population Density range of average densities estimated over 2 yrs #/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Panamint Valley (elev., 790m), [lat., 36^o20'N; long., 117^o30' W] Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo
Population Density range of average densities estimated over 2 yrs #/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported San Joaquin Valley (elev., 460m), [lat., 37^o38'N; long., 121^o29' W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Reproductive behaviour and multiple paternity of California ground squirrels

Author(s)
Boellstorff, Diane E., Donald H. Owings, Maria Cecilia T. Penedo and Marta J. Hersek
Pages
1057-1064
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range over 2 yrs #/ha Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Camp Ohlone, East Bay Regional Park District Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

The breeding populations of piscivorous birds of Eagle Lake

Author(s)
Lederer, Roger J.
Pages
771-772
Year
Issue
3
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 2400 annual number of individuals censused birds/lake Both Male and Female Not Reported 1 lake Eagle Lake, 42 km NW of Susanville Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen

Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. sirtalis)

Citation:

Comparative ecology of the common garter snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the ribbon snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus) and Butler's garter snake (Thamnophis butleri) in mixed populations

Author(s)
Carpenter, Charles C.
Pages
235-238
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 482 #/48 acres Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Washtenaw County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Some aspects of the ecology of the eastern garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis) in a semi-disturbed habitat in west-central Illinois

Author(s)
Blaesing, Mark E.
Pages
177-181
Year
Volume
13
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 18.7 #/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported McDonough County Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Aspects of the occurrence of shorebirds on a central California estuary

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel and Claire M. Wolfe
Pages
15-32
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 1.9 (fall), 3.4 (winter), 1.1 (spring) mean population density birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported 5 seasons censused Bolinas Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore Exposure Factor Datasets Marin
Population Density 6.2 (fall), 19.2 (winter), 6.6 (spring) mean population density birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported 10 seasons censused Limantour Estero Exposure Factor Datasets Marin

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Red-tailed hawk and horned owl populations in Wisconsin

Author(s)
Orians, Gordon and Frank Kuhlman
Pages
371-385
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density pairs/mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult 12-22 pairs (3 study years) southern Green County Exposure Factor Datasets

Pacific Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris ssp. pacificus)

Citation:

Draft recovery plan for the pacific pocket mouse (Perognathus longimembris pacificus)

Author(s)
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Pages
93
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Carlsbad Field Office
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Dispersion patterns of mice in California annual grassland

Author(s)
Batzli, George O.
Pages
239-250
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density see citation figure of seasonal changes in density #/acre Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Grass Valley Regional Park Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Citation:

Demographic changes in fluctuating populations of Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Krebs, Charles J.
Pages
239-273
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of minimum # alive in 8 areas at 103 weekly intervals #/ha Male Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Tilden Regional Park and Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range of minimum # alive in 8 areas at 103 weekly intervals #/acre Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Tilden Regional Park and Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Measures of the movements and popultion densities of small rodents

Author(s)
Brant, Daniel H.
Pages
105-184
Year
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density see citation figure of seasonal changes in density #/acre Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Tilden Regional Park, Berkeley (elev. 600-1200 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Author(s)
Stebbins, Robert C.
Pages
47-124
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density estimated maximum density #/acre Both Male and Female Adult 25 Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Population Density estimated maximum density #/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Peregrines and pesticides in Alaska

Author(s)
Cade, Tom J., Clayton M. White, and John R. Haugh
Pages
170-178
Year
Issue
2
Volume
70
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 17 pairs/172 miles of river Both Male and Female Adult 17 pairs Yukon River Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

Density of nesting peregrine falcons in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T., G. Scott Mills, Richard L. Glinski, and Stephen W. Hoffman
Pages
188-193
Year
Issue
2
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density range of mean distances (SE) between adjacent nests km Both Male and Female Adult 3 sites, 9-26 nests per site Grand Canyon National Park Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

The population biology of peregrine falcons in the Northwest Territories, Canada

Author(s)
Court, Gordon S., D. Mark Bradley, C. Cormack Gates, and David A. Boag
Pages
729-739
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 1 pair per 17sq. km pairs Both Male and Female Adult 6 survey years; 17-26 territories per year Rankin Inlet, Hudson Bay (62 deg49'N, 92 deg05'W) Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

The natural regulation of peregrine falcon populations

Author(s)
Hunt, W. Grainger
Pages
667-676
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review review of factors controlling population density Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

American Peregrine Falcon

Author(s)
Aldrich, John A.
Pages
1-14
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

Population estimates of breeding birds in North Dakota

Author(s)
Stewart, Robert E., and Harold A. Kantrud
Pages
766-788
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 28.43 (96) mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) pairs/square mile Both Male and Female Adult 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bird nesting in Iowa no-tillage and tilled cropland

Author(s)
Basore, Nancy S., Louis B. Best, and James B. Wooley, Jr.
Pages
19-28
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0 to 12 (+/-15) mean nest densities in untilled corn or soybean fields nests/100 ha Both Male and Female Adult 8-9 fields Adair County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of two sagebrush control methods on nongame birds

Author(s)
Castrale, John S.
Pages
945-952
Year
Issue
4
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of mean breeding bird densities on three grassland-sagebrush sites (over two years) territories/16 ha Both Male and Female Adult 3 sites Wasatch National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) activities within the vicinity of the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant, 1973-1978

Author(s)
Benech, S.V.
Pages
33-44
Year
Volume
1979
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 50 resident population density (see citation for map of study area) animals per study area Both Male and Female Not Reported 15-170 Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant; Point San Luis to Point Buchon Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 150 population density for resident and non-resident animals (see citation for map of study area) animals per study area Both Male and Female Not Reported 15-170 Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant; Point San Luis to Point Buchon Exposure Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Foraging strategies of American kestrels during breeding

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri G.
Pages
1268-1276
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 23 individuals per 96 km2 Both Male and Female Adult 23 agricultural lands (lat, 38 deg 32'N; long., 121 deg 47'W) Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo Breeding
Citation:

The effect of vegetative cover on foraging strategies, hunting success and nesting distribution of American kestrels in central Missouri

Author(s)
Toland, Brian R.
Pages
14-20
Year
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 48 individuals in 175 km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1 study area agricultural lands, woodlots, meadows Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 50 individuals in 175 km2 Both Male and Female Adult 1 study area agricultural lands, woodlots, meadows Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding
Citation:

A winter population study of the American kestrel in central Ohio

Author(s)
Mills, G. Scott
Pages
241-247
Year
Volume
87
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density individuals per 52 km^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported southcentral area, agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets wintering
Citation:

Influence of nest-box placement and density on abundance and productivity of American kestrels in central Missouri

Author(s)
Toland, Brian R. and William H. Elder
Pages
712-717
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 0.06 mean pair density in study area (194 km2) pairs per km2 Both Male and Female Adult 5 years rural and urban lands Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Behavior and population ecology of the burrowing owl, Speotyto cunicularia, in the Imperial Valley of California

Author(s)
Coulombe, Harry N.
Pages
162-176
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density fall/winter season density based on roadside censuses birds/mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Imperial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Results of the 1991 census of burrowing owls in central California: an alarmingly small and declining population

Author(s)
Desante, D.F., E. Ruhlen, S. Amin, and K.M. Burton
Pages
59
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 925 estimate of number of pairs in census area pairs/43,235 km^2 Both Male and Female Not Reported 198 UTM blocks censused San Francisco Bay and Central Valley areas Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Trends in the winter distribution and abundance of burrowing owls in North America

Author(s)
James, Paul C. and Thomas J. Ethier
Pages
1224-1225
Year
Issue
4
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 7.8 based on Christmas bird counts 1954-1986 per 1,000 mi Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets 2.3 (SD)
Citation:

Nesting raptors along the Columbia River in north-central Washington

Author(s)
Knight, Richard L., Dwight G. Smith and Albert Erickson
Pages
2-8
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 2 pairs/6669 ha Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Columbia River Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Changes in desert tortoise populations at four study sites in California

Author(s)
Berry, Kristin H., Lori L. Nicholson, Steve Juarez and A. Peter Woodman
Pages
60-80
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of 95% confidence intervals #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 2 yrs Colorado desert, Chemehuevi Wash and Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range of 95% confidence intervals #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 2 yrs Colorado desert, Chuckwalla Bench Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The distribution and abundance of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) on the Chocolate Mountains Aerial Gunnery Range

Author(s)
Berry, Kristin H., A. Peter Woodman, Lori L. Nicholson and Betty L. Burge
Pages
47-65
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density population density ranges in % of area (605 mi2) surveyed #/mi2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Chocolate Mountains Aerial Gunnery Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Studies of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)

Author(s)
Woodbury, Angus M. and Ross Hardy
Pages
145-200
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0.25 #/acre Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County (elev., 3200-3500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California clapper rail in South San Francisco Bay

Author(s)
Harvey, Thomas E.
Pages
98-104
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 0.69 mean breeding density based on rope drag and call count data birds/ha Both Male and Female Adult 55 ha south San Francisco Bay - Ideal Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Citation:

A study of the California clapper rail

Author(s)
Zucca, Joseph J.
Pages
135-153
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of mean population densities birds/acre Not Reported Not Reported 1 marsh Dumbarton Bridge Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets San Francisco
Citation:

Status and distribution of the California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus)

Author(s)
Gill, Robert Jr.
Pages
36-49
Year
Issue
1
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of mean densities birds/ha Both Male and Female Adult 5 sites San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Marin, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Sonoma

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Bird nesting in Iowa no-tillage and tilled cropland

Author(s)
Basore, Nancy S., Louis B. Best, and James B. Wooley, Jr.
Pages
19-28
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1(+/-2) to 5 (+/-6) mean nest densities in untilled corn or soybean fields nests/100 ha Both Male and Female Adult 8-9 fields Adair County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Aspects of the occurrence of shorebirds on a central California estuary

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel and Claire M. Wolfe
Pages
15-32
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 7.6 (fall), 15.4 (winter), 2.2 (spring) mean population density birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported 5 seasons censused Bolinas Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore Exposure Factor Datasets Marin
Population Density 2.2 (fall), 1.8 (winter), 1.3 (spring) mean population density birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported 10 seasons censused Limantour Estero Exposure Factor Datasets Marin

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Population density of the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis (Reptilia: Iguanidae) in southern California

Author(s)
Krekorian, C. O'Neil
Pages
268-271
Year
Issue
1
Volume
1983
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 450 #/ha Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 45 lizards/10 quadrants (100m2) Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Notes on Dipsosaurus dorsalis in Arizona

Author(s)
Parker, William S.
Pages
226-229
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density #/ha Not Reported Juvenile 11-20 Phoenix South Mountain, Maricopa County Exposure Factor Datasets

Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)

Citation:

Relationship between cover availability and larval pacific giant salamander density

Author(s)
Parker, Michael S.
Pages
355-357
Year
Issue
3
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density see citation figure of population density estimates #/m2 Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Caspar Creek Exposure Factor Datasets Mendocino
Citation:

Logging in western Oregon: responses of headwater habitats and stream amphibians

Author(s)
Corn, Paul Stephen and R. Bruce Bury
Pages
39-57
Year
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 2.28 #/m2 Not Reported Not Reported 23 stream reaches streams in uncut forests, Lane, Douglas and Coos counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.36 SE
Population Density 0.50 #/m2 Not Reported Not Reported 20 stream reaches streams in logged forests, Lane, Douglas and Coos counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.24 SE
Citation:

Feeding ecology of stream-dwelling pacific giant salamander larvae (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)

Author(s)
Parker, Michael S.
Pages
705-718
Year
Volume
1994
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range over 4 yrs #/m2 Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Fox Creek [lat., 38^o45'N, 123^o40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Mendocino

Riparian Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. riparius)

Citation:

Status review of the riparian brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) in California

Author(s)
Larsen, Caryla J.
Pages
1-22
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Nongame Bird and Mammal Section Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review reported overall population density at carrying capacity is 3 animals/ha (from unpublished reports) Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Caswell Memorial State Park Exposure Factor Datasets

Fresno Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides ssp. exilis)

Citation:

Recovery of endangered kangaroo rats in the San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Williams, Daniel F. and David J. Germano
Pages
93-106
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of average population density over 3 yrs #/ha Not Reported Not Reported 10-18/yr Elkhorn Plain Ecological Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo
Population Density range of average population density in 2 habitat types #/ha Not Reported Not Reported 11-18/habitat type Pixley National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Tulare

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Author(s)
Moore, William S.
Pages
1-28
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Population characteristics and movements of striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) in central Alberta

Author(s)
Bjorge, Ronald R., John R. Gunson and William M. Samuel
Pages
149-155
Year
Issue
2
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density animals/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Biology of striped skunks on a southwestern Lake Erie Marsh

Author(s)
Bailey, Theodore N.
Pages
196-207
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 12 animals/mi^2 Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Magee Marsh; Ottawa natll. wildlife refuge Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Dispersion patterns of mice in California annual grassland

Author(s)
Batzli, George O.
Pages
239-250
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density see citation figure of seasonal changes in density #/acre Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Grass Valley Regional Park Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Citation:

Dispersion and numbers in Peromyscus populations

Author(s)
Metzgar, Lee H.
Pages
26 - 31
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of monthly estimates #/ha Male Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range of monthly estimates #/ha Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Population estimates of breeding birds in North Dakota

Author(s)
Stewart, Robert E., and Harold A. Kantrud
Pages
766-788
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1.69 (40) mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) pairs/square mile Both Male and Female Adult 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bird nesting in Iowa no-tillage and tilled cropland

Author(s)
Basore, Nancy S., Louis B. Best, and James B. Wooley, Jr.
Pages
19-28
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 4 (+/-4) mean nest densities in strip cover along fields nests/100 ha Both Male and Female Adult 35 fields Adair County Exposure Factor Datasets

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Bird nesting in Iowa no-tillage and tilled cropland

Author(s)
Basore, Nancy S., Louis B. Best, and James B. Wooley, Jr.
Pages
19-28
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0 to 5 (+/-8) mean nest densities in untilled corn or soybean fields nests/100 ha Both Male and Female Adult 8-9 fields Adair County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Impact of agroforestry plantations grown with agricultural drainwater on avian abundance in the San Joaquin Valley

Author(s)
Kelly, Troy D., Andrew R. Dyer and David L. Chesemore
Pages
97-103
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of nesting densities on agroforestry plots Both Male and Female Adult 6 plots San Joaquin Valley Agroforestry Demonstration Project Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno, Kings

Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)

Citation:

Distribution and relative abundance of snakes along a transect in California

Author(s)
Sullivan, Brian K.
Pages
247-248
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of abundance along a transect crossing 3 habitat types #/km Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Corral Hollow Road (elev. 91 - 488 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, San Joaquin

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Densities of coyotes at the interface of Saguaro National Monument and Tucson, Arizona

Author(s)
McClure, Mark F., Norman S. Smith and William W. Shaw
Pages
83-86
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range over 6 counting periods #/km2 Both Male and Female Not Reported 28-40/period Saguaro National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavioral ecology of coyotes on the National Elk Refuge, Jackson, Wyoming

Author(s)
Camenzind, Franz J.
Pages
267-296
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 0.53 #/km2 Not Reported Adult Not Reported National Elk Refuge, Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets 0.04 SD

Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris ssp. nereis)

Citation:

Abundance, distribution, and behavior of the southern sea otter (Enydra lutris nereis) in a California estuary

Author(s)
Feinholz, Daniela M.
Pages
105-116
Year
Volume
24.2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of densities for entire study area for 2 yrs #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Elkhorn Slough Exposure Factor Datasets

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Consumption of primary production by a population of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) in the Mojave desert

Author(s)
Soholt, Lars F.
Pages
357-376
Year
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 16.2 #/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Winter and spring habits of weasels in central Iowa

Author(s)
Polderboer, Emmett B., Lee W. Kuhn and George O. Hendrickson
Pages
115-119
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 4 #/160 acres Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Ames Exposure Factor Datasets

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)

Citation:

A comparison of transects and point counts in oak-pine woodlands of California

Author(s)
Verner, Jared and Lyman V. Ritter
Pages
47-68
Year
Volume
87
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Population Density 71.2 density estimate on a grazed plot by transect counts using an exponential polynomial model birds/40 ha Not Reported Not Reported 64 birds San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera 49.6-92.8 95% CI
Population Density 72.8 density estimate on an ungrazed plot by point count using an exponential polynomial model birds/40 ha Not Reported Not Reported 43 birds San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera 50.1-95.5 95% CI

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Reproduction and breeding success of California least terns in Jalisco, Mexico

Author(s)
Garcia, Andres, and Gerardo Ceballos
Pages
1084-1087
Year
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density 40 density of nests at one colony nests/1400 m^2 Both Male and Female Adult 1 colony Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

California sea lion distribution: A statistical analysis of aerial transect data

Author(s)
Bonnell, Michael L. and R. Glenn Ford
Pages
13-20
Year
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density see citation maps of sea lion densities #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported southern California Bight Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Factors regulating kit fox populations

Author(s)
White, P.J. and Robert A. Garrott
Pages
1982-1988
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review #/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)

Citation:

Demographic and life cycle characteristics of montane deer mice

Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Duncan G. Innes
Pages
574-585
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density # of animals live-trapped in 3 grids (2 - 4 ha) from May to Oct. (1979 - 1981) #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 grids Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

San Joaquin Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni)

Citation:

Natural history of the ground squirrels of California

Author(s)
Grinnel, J. and J.S. Dixon
Pages
597-708
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1 #/2 acres Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Riparian forest as habitat for the least Bell's vireo

Author(s)
Gray, M. Violet and James M. Greaves
Pages
605-611
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of nesting density over two years pairs/243 ha Both Male and Female Adult 43-48 pairs (2 yrs) Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Status of loggerhead shrikes in the sagebrush habitat of southwestern Idaho

Author(s)
Woods, Christopher P.
Pages
150-154
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of nesting density, 2 study areas Both Male and Female Adult 10-19 pairs/study area Ada, Elmore, Owyhee Counties Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. austerus)

Citation:

The ecology of the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, in a coastal coniferous forest. I. Population dynamics

Author(s)
Petticrew, B.G. and R.M.F.S. Sadleir
Pages
107-118
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density see citation figure of seasonal changes in density #/ha Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported University of British Columbia Research Forest Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. nevadensis)

Citation:

Preliminary studies of the kit fox in Utah

Author(s)
Egoscue, Harold J.
Pages
351-357
Year
Issue
3
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 3.6 pairs/square mile Both Male and Female Adult 9 individuals Tooele County, west. UT, elev. 4300-4800 ft Exposure Factor Datasets
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