Population Density

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Displaying 483 data points

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)

Citation:

Abundance and dispersion of leporids within a shortgrass ecosystem

Author(s)
Flinders, Jerran T. and Richard M. Hansen
Pages
287-291
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 6.6 #/mi2 Not Reported Not Reported 31 Pawnee National Grasslands Exposure Factor Datasets 5.4 - 7.8 (95% CL)

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Suisun Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. maxillaris), San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. samuelis)

Citation:

San Francisco Bay Region Salt Marsh Song Sparrow Survey, 1974

Author(s)
Walton, Brian James
Pages
19
Publisher
California Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density see table 1 Both Male and Female Adult 64 sites San Francisco Bay region Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa breeding
Population Density see table 1 Both Male and Female Adult 64 sites San Francisco Bay region Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa breeding
Population Density see table 1 Both Male and Female Adult 64 sites San Francisco Bay region Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa breeding

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

Birds of a prairie community

Author(s)
Kendeigh, Charles
Pages
165-174
Year
Issue
4
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 6 density of birds nesting and feeding in study area birds per 50 acres Both Male and Female Adult 6 near Iowa Lakeside Laboratory Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Density cycles in an island population of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Drost, Charles A. and Gary M. Fellers
Pages
351-364
Year
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 462 maximum density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Coreopsis habitat, Santa Barbara Island [lat., 33^o29'N; long., 119^o02'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 56 SD
Population Density 436 maximum density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Suaeda habitat,Santa Barbara Island [lat.,33^o29' N, long., 119^o02' W] Exposure Factor Datasets 63 SD
Population Density 372 maximum density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported grassland habitat, Santa Barbara Island, [lat.,33^o29' N, long., 119^o02' W] Exposure Factor Datasets 30 SD
Citation:

Energy relationships of the mammals of a desert shrub (Larrea tridentata) community

Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Alice Eastlake Chew
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0.70 #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported San Simon Valley, Portal (elev., 1370 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparative population ecology of eleven species of rodents in the Chihuahuan Desert

Author(s)
Brown, J. H. and Z. Zeng
Pages
46-63
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0.28 mean density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 74 Portal, Cochise County (elev. 1330 m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Nesting biology of mallards in California

Author(s)
McLandress, M. Robert, Gregory S. Yarris, Alison E.H. Perkins, Daniel P. Connelly and Dennis G. Raveling
Pages
94-107
Year
Issue
1
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 20.8 See table 2, p.99, for more detailed means. breeding pairs/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets 1.5 SE
Citation:

The Central, Imperial, and Coachella Valleys of California

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E., Daniel P. Connelly, and Roger L. Pederson
Pages
475-505
Publisher
Texas Tech University Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 314,712 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Sacramento Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 30,438 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 15,221 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Suisun Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets Solano
Population Density 4,667 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported San Francisco Delta Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 389 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Imperial and Coachella Valleys Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Impacts of changing irrigation practices on waterfowl habitat use in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Barnum, D.A. and N.H. Euliss, Jr.
Pages
10-21
Year
Issue
1
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 1.0 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported not reported Tulare Basin, Kern National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets wintering birds
Population Density 0.25 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported hunting clubs Exposure Factor Datasets wintering birds
Population Density 0.5 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Female Not Reported Not Reported preirrigated croplands Exposure Factor Datasets wintering birds
Population Density 0.07 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported evaporation ponds Exposure Factor Datasets wintering birds
Population Density 0.5 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported miscellaneous Exposure Factor Datasets wintering birds
Citation:

Population estimates of breeding birds in North Dakota

Author(s)
Stewart, Robert E., and Harold A. Kantrud
Pages
766-788
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 6.71 (40) mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) pairs/square mile Both Male and Female Adult 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) Exposure Factor Datasets

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. nevadensis)

Citation:

Population dynamics of the kit fox in western Utah

Author(s)
Egoscue, Harold J.
Pages
122-127
Year
Issue
3
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density population density on 10,359.9 ha study area ha/fox Both Male and Female Adult foxes 9-22 western Utah Exposure Factor Datasets

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Citation:

Notes on ecology and food of the Kit fox in Central Utah

Author(s)
Smith, Dwight G.
Pages
96 - 98
Year
Issue
2
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1 mean animal density in study area adult/12.9 km^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

California Newt (Taricha torosa)

Citation:

Ontogenetic changes in California newts (Taricha torosa) in response to chemical cues from conspecific predators

Author(s)
Kats, Lee B., Jennifer A. Breeding and Kimberly M. Hanson
Pages
321-325
Year
Issue
2
Volume
13
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Population Density 2.6 #/10 m2 Not Reported Adult Not Reported Santa Monica Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Population Density range of larval densities in pools with or without adults during June-July #/m2 Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Santa Monica Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets larvae Los Angeles

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

The life history of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard, in north-central Oregon

Author(s)
Nussbaum, Ronald A. and Lowell V. Diller
Pages
243-260
Year
Issue
4
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 175 #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Deschutes River, Jefferson county (elev., 732m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range, growth, and population density of Uta stansburiana in Arizona

Author(s)
Parker, William S.
Pages
135-139
Year
Issue
2
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density #/ha Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Phoenix South Mountain, Maricopa county Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density #/ha Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Phoenix South Mountain, Maricopa county Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The life and demography of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Tinkle, Donald W.
Pages
1 - 182
Year
Volume
132
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density range of densities estimated over 6 yrs at two sites #/acre Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Population Density #/acre Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The demography of the lizard, Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard, in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Gerard A. Hoddenbach, Philip A. Medica and Joseph R. Lannom
Pages
505-519
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of 3 yearly averages for 4 study sites #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Rock Valley, Nye County Exposure Factor Datasets

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Nesting ecology of mourning doves in fruit orchards in north-central Washington

Author(s)
Knight, Richard L., Dwight G. Smith, David M. Gaudet and Albert W. Erickson
Pages
230-236
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1.8 nesting pairs per 100 trees checked Both Male and Female Adult 4 orchards Rufus Woods Lake area Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

An eleven-year summary of mourning dove observations in the west

Author(s)
McClure, H. Elliott
Pages
335-346
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 21.7 average number of birds per 100 miles of survey route birds/100 mi Not Reported Not Reported 1000 mi surveyed/mo near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Some aspects of the population ecolgoy of breeding mourning doves in Georgia

Author(s)
Hopkins, Milton N. and Eugene P. Odum
Pages
132-143
Year
Issue
2
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 3.3 mean breeding density Both Male and Female Adult ten 100 ac plots southwest and northeast areas Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mourning dove production in southwestern Iowa

Author(s)
McClure, Elliot H.
Pages
64-75
Year
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 250-330 density of breeding pairs pairs/220 acres Both Male and Female Adult 220 acres Lewis, Cass County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population estimates of breeding birds in North Dakota

Author(s)
Stewart, Robert E., and Harold A. Kantrud
Pages
766-788
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 9.08 (76) mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) pairs/square mile Both Male and Female Adult 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) Exposure Factor Datasets

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Home range, population structure, and spatial organization of California ground squirrels

Author(s)
Boellstorff, Diane E. and Donald H. Owings
Pages
551-561
Year
Issue
2
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of means for 2 yrs #/ha Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Camp Ohlone [lat., 37^o29'N; long., 121^o45'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Citation:

A population study of the Beechey ground squirrel in central California

Author(s)
Evans, F. C. and R. Holdenried
Pages
231-260
Year
Issue
2
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 7 #/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Calaveras Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Santa Clara
Citation:

California ground squirrels at Concord Naval Weapons station: alternatives for control and the ecological consequences

Author(s)
Loredo-Prenderville, I., D. Van Vuren , Amy J. Kuenzi, and Michael Morrison
Pages
72-77
Publisher
University of California, Davis
Year
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Population Density 32.0 #/ha Not Reported Adult 5 study sites Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 16.23 SD
Citation:

Natural history of the ground squirrels of California

Author(s)
Grinnel, J. and J.S. Dixon
Pages
597-708
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 76 #/acre Not Reported Not Reported 3 counts Walnut Creek Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Population Density 20 #/acre Not Reported Not Reported 3 counts Walnut Creek Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Distribution of wintering snowy plovers in California and adjacent states

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Frances C. Bidstrup, Robert J. Ramer and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
145-170
Year
Issue
4
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density number of breeding birds per km of sandy beach surveyed birds/km Not Reported Not Reported 54.5-200.2 km per survey region mainland coast Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density number of wintering birds per km of sandy beach surveyed birds/km Not Reported Not Reported 54.5-200.2 km per survey region mainland coast Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Factors affecting interannual movements of snowy plovers

Author(s)
Paton, Peter W.C., and Thomas C. Edwards, Jr.
Pages
534-543
Year
Issue
3
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range (over 4 years) in maximum number of nests active on one day per total area of potential nesting habitat nests/ha Both Male and Female Adult 4 survey years Howard Slough, Great Salt Lake Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range (over 4 years) in maximum number of nests active on one day per total area of potential nesting habitat nests/ha Both Male and Female Adult 4 survey years West Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake Exposure Factor Datasets

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

The demography of low-litter size populations of Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Krohne, David T.
Pages
368-374
Year
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density see citation figure of seasonal changes in density #/acre Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Sea Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Sonoma
Citation:

Carnivore-mouse predation: an example of its intensity and bioenergetics

Author(s)
Pearson, Oliver P.
Pages
177-188
Year
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density see citation figure of seasonal changes in density #/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Tilden Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

The relationship between habitat heterogeneity, space use, and demography in a population of California voles

Author(s)
Ostfeld, Richard S., William Z. Lidicker, Jr. and Edward J. Heske
Pages
433-442
Year
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 550 peak density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

An estimate of minimum density for coyotes in western Tennessee

Author(s)
Babb, Jeffrey G. and Michael L. Kennedy
Pages
186-188
Year
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0.35 minimum density #/km2 Both Male and Female Not Reported 34 Gibson and Carroll Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of coyotes, Canis latrans, in eastern Tehama county, California

Author(s)
Barrett, Reginald H.
Pages
184-192
Year
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 0.5 #/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Red Bluff Exposure Factor Datasets Tehama
Citation:

Canis latrans

Author(s)
Bekoff, Marc
Pages
1-9
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in southeastern Colorado

Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Pages
174-181
Year
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0.29 pre-whelping density #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides)

Citation:

Study and management of an isolated, rare population: the Fresno kangaroo rat

Author(s)
Morrison, Michael L., L. Scott Mills and Amy J. Kuenzi
Pages
602-606
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of monthly densities at various sites #/ha Not Reported Not Reported 3,690 trap nights Naval Air Station, Lenmoore Exposure Factor Datasets

Alameda Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. pusillula)

Citation:

Salt marsh song sparrow study

Author(s)
Jurek, R. M.
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 20.5-41.0 (salt marsh), 9.9-20.5 (alterned salt marsh), 5.9-11 (fringe vegetation) breeding population densities pairs/ha Both Male and Female Adult 27 sample areas Suisun Bay; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)

Citation:

Comparative demography of Clemmys marmorata populations in the Trinity River of California in the context of dam-induced alterations

Author(s)
Reese, Devin A. and Hartwell H. Welsh, Jr
Pages
505-515
Year
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range in density estimates at 2 locations #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Trinity River Exposure Factor Datasets Trinity
Citation:

Habits and home range of the Pacific pond turtle, Clemmys marmorata, in a stream community

Author(s)
Bury, Richard Bruce
Pages
205
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 214 density also reported as 333-347 turtles/mile of stream or 85 turtles/acre #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 578 marked turtles Hayfork Creek (elev., 610m) Exposure Factor Datasets Trinity

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Impact of military activities on the desert tortoise at the Mojave "B" ranges

Author(s)
Nicholson, Lori, Michael J. O'Farrell and John F. Westermeier
Pages
109-112
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density #/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported China Lake Naval Weapons Center Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Desert tortoise population of the Beaver Dam Slope in northwestern Arizona

Author(s)
Sheppard, George Pat
Pages
25-47
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density #/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Beaver Dam Slope Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Changes in desert tortoise populations at four study sites in California

Author(s)
Berry, Kristin H., Lori L. Nicholson, Steve Juarez and A. Peter Woodman
Pages
60-80
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 2 yrs western Mojave desert, Fremont Peak Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range of 95% confidence intervals #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 2 yrs western Mojave desert, Kramer Hills Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Conservation of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on the Naval Petroleum Reserves, California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, T.P.
Pages
207-208
Year
Volume
172
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density denning density den/28 ha - 1 den/37 ha Both Male and Female Adult 1010 dens Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Population Density adult density #/260 ha Both Male and Female Adult 361 foxes Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

San Joaquin kit fox: its distribution and abundance

Author(s)
Laughrin, Lyndal
Pages
20
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Branch Administrative Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 1 estimated average density based on censuses and literature values fox/2.8 mi2 Both Male and Female Adult 108 dens Exposure Factor Datasets Kern

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Impacts of a nuclear energy facility on raptorial birds

Author(s)
Fitzner, R.E.
Pages
9-33
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of numbers of nesting pairs counted annually on a 1476 sq km study site pairs/study site Both Male and Female Adult 4 years Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range of numbers of individual owls counted annually on a 1476 sq km study site individuals/study site Both Male and Female Adult 4 years Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1 bird/2000 acres Both Male and Female Not Reported 11 owls Superior township Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1 density of nesting pairs pair/3 mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Predation by owls in the Sierran foothills of California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
137-151
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density density based on call counts birds/2000 ac Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 7 counts San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:

Dipodomys stephensi

Author(s)
Bleich, Vernon C.
Pages
1-3
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

An age-structured demographic model for endangered Stephens' kangaroo rat

Author(s)
Price, Mary V. and Patrick A. Kelly
Pages
810-821
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density see citation figure of monthly population densities at two sites #/ha Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Motte Rimrock Reserve and San Jacinto Wildlife Area Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Estimating the distribution and abundance of a cryptic species, Dipodomys stephensi (Rodentia: Heteromyidae), and implications for management

Author(s)
Price, M.V. and P.R. Endo
Pages
293-301
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Population Density range of densities estimated over 2 yrs #/ha Not Reported Not Reported 320 - 640 trap nights San Jacinto Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Feb. - Mar. Riverside
Citation:

Assessment of popultion and habitat status of the Stephens' kangaroo rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Author(s)
O'Farrell, Michael J. and Curt Uptain
Pages
198
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Nongame Bird and Mammal Section
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density #/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Seasonal water and energy metabolism of the desert dwelling kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Author(s)
Nagy, Kenneth A. and M.J. Gruchacz
Pages
1461-1478
Year
Issue
6
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Population Density 17.5 #/ha Not Reported Not Reported 5 Kelso Sand Dunes (elev., 830-840 m) [lat., 34^o53'30"N, long., 115^o40'20"W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 1.6 SD
Citation:

Comparative population ecology of eleven species of rodents in the Chihuahuan Desert

Author(s)
Brown, J. H. and Z. Zeng
Pages
46-63
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 7.93 mean density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 968 Portal, Cochise County (elev. 1330 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparative ecology of sympatric Dipodomys agilis and Dipodomys merriami in southern California

Author(s)
McClenaghan, Leroy R.
Pages
175-185
Year
Issue
14
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 29 #/ha Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Jacumba (elev., 988 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The ecology of Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami Mearns) on the grazing of lands of southern Arizona

Author(s)
Reynolds, Hudson G.
Pages
112-127
Year
Issue
2
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density #/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 9 winters Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000-4000 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets

Citation:

Avian nesting success and diversity in conventionally and organically managed apple orchards

Author(s)
Fluetsch, Kimberly M. and Donald W. Sparling
Pages
1651-1659
Year
Issue
10
Volume
13
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sample Size Location Type
Population Density breeding density in apple orchards nests/ha 138 nests York Springs, Adams Co. Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A status review of the Suisun song sparrow (Melospiza melodia maxillaris) in California

Author(s)
Larsen, Caryla J.
Pages
1-30
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Department Candidate Species Status Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type
Population Density review Exposure Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Factors influencing burrowing owl (Speotyto cunicularia) nest densities and numbers in western Nebraska

Author(s)
Desmond, Martha J., and Julie A. Savidge
Pages
143-148
Year
Volume
136
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 5.8 mean density in prairie dog towns of <35 ha owls/ha Not Reported Adult 71 nests west. NE Exposure Factor Datasets 3.6 SE
Citation:

Behavior and population ecology of the burrowing owl, Speotyto cunicularia, in the Imperial Valley of California

Author(s)
Coulombe, Harry N.
Pages
162-176
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density breeding season density based on roadside censuses birds/mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Imperial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets

San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. samuelis)

Citation:

Salt marsh song sparrow study

Author(s)
Jurek, R. M.
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 16.6-32.4 (salt marsh), 10.6-13.1 (altered salt marsh), 16.6-24.7 (brackish marsh), 9.1-17.5 (altered brackish marsh) breeding population densities pairs/ha Both Male and Female Adult 26 sample areas Suisun Bay; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Population estimates of breeding birds in North Dakota

Author(s)
Stewart, Robert E., and Harold A. Kantrud
Pages
766-788
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 3.26 (24) mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) pairs/square mile Both Male and Female Adult 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) Exposure Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Differential habitat use by sexes of American kestrels wintering in northern California

Author(s)
Koplin, James R.
Pages
39-42
Year
Issue
2
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Population Density 115 average density individuals/100 mi Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 205 obs. agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets Colusa, Humboldt, Lake, Mendocino, Yolo +/- 25 95% CI
Citation:

Impacts of a nuclear energy facility on raptorial birds

Author(s)
Fitzner, R.E.
Pages
9-33
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 10 number of nesting pairs counted annually on study site pairs/1476 sq km Both Male and Female Adult 4 years Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 20 number of individual kestrels counted annually on study site individuals/1476 sq km Both Male and Female Adult 4 years Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1 density of nesting pairs pair/1.1 mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult 10 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana ssp. stejnegeri)

Citation:

Density, growth and home range of the lizard Uta stansburiana steinegeri in southern Dona Ana county, New Mexico

Author(s)
Worthington, Richard D. and Edward R. Arvizo
Pages
124-128
Year
Issue
2
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 50.2 #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 45 marked lizards Dona Ana county [lat., 31^o47'10" N; long., 106^o35'05"W], (elev., 1250m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Densities of loggerhead shrike on study blocks in southeastern Alberta inventoried in both 1993 and 1996

Author(s)
Bjorge, Ronald R., and Henk P.L. Kiliaan
Pages
217-219
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density 90-96 range of densities over 2 sampling years individuals/ 12 study blocks Not Reported Adult 2 sample years southeastern Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Suisun Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. maxillaris)

Citation:

Salt marsh song sparrow study

Author(s)
Jurek, R. M.
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 15.6-27.4 (brackish marsh), 9.1-20.5 (altered brackish marsh) breeding population densities pairs/ha Both Male and Female Adult 11 sample areas Suisun Bay; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

Survival rate, population density and development of a naturally occurring anuran larvae (Rana catesbeiana)

Author(s)
Cecil, Stephen G. and John J. Just
Pages
447-453
Year
Volume
1979
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density #/m2 Not Reported Tadpole 3 sampling periods, 20,000 animals Coldstream Pond and Fred Pond, northeast of Lexington, [38o06'23"N, 84o30'08"W] Exposure Factor Datasets

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California clapper rail in South San Francisco Bay

Author(s)
Harvey, Thomas E.
Pages
98-104
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 1.47 mean breeding density based on rope drag and call count data birds/ha Both Male and Female Adult 68 ha south San Francisco Bay-Dumbarton Point Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Population Density 0.89 mean breeding density based on rope drag and call count data birds/ha Both Male and Female Adult 117 ha south San Francisco Bay - Mowry Slough Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Relationship of space use to population density in an herbivorus lizard

Author(s)
Alberts, Allison C.
Pages
469-479
Year
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range over 3 yrs at 3 sites #/ha Both Male and Female Adult 96 marked lizards Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Life history of the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Krekorian, C. O'Neil
Pages
415-424
Year
Issue
4
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 332 #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Notes on the ecology of weasels in Gunnison County, Colorado

Author(s)
Quick, Horace F.
Pages
281-290
Year
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 2 #/mi2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Gunnison County (elev., >7500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Reproductive success of grassland birds at east-central Illinois airports

Author(s)
Kershner, Eric L., and Eric K. Bollinger
Pages
358-366
Year
Volume
136
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0.02 nest density nests/ha Both Male and Female Adult 4 nests airports in east-central IL Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nebrascensis)

Citation:

A study of prairie deer mouse populations in southern Michigan

Author(s)
Blair, W. Frank
Pages
273-309
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density #/acre Not Reported Adult Not Reported Edwin S. George Reserve, University of Michigan Exposure Factor Datasets

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Population estimates of breeding birds in North Dakota

Author(s)
Stewart, Robert E., and Harold A. Kantrud
Pages
766-788
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1.26 (20) mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) pairs/square mile Both Male and Female Adult 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) Exposure Factor Datasets

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Movements, home range, and territories of male sea otters off central California

Author(s)
Jameson, Ronald J.
Pages
159-172
Year
Issue
2
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 15 maximum density at this time of year per 1000 ha Male Adult 7 Central coast Exposure Factor Datasets
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