Clutches or Litters per year

Export to CSV
Displaying 92 data points

American Robin (Turdus migratorius)

Citation:

Reproduction of American robin (Turdus migratorius) in a suburban environment.

Author(s)
Morneau, F., Lépine, C., Décarie, R., Villard, M.A. and DesGranges, J.L.
Issue
1
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Clutches or Litters per year 2 B Embryo Montreal Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Offspring size as an index of habitat degradation.

Author(s)
Warkentin, I.G., Reed, J.M. and Dunham, S.M.
Issue
2
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Clutches or Litters per year 2 to 3 Clutch/y Not reported Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA

Pacific Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Citation:

Nesting ecology of East Pacific green turtles at Playa Cabuyal, Gulf of Papagayo, Costa Rica.

Author(s)
Santidrián Tomillo, P., Roberts, S.A., Hernández, R., Spotila, J.R. and Paladino, F.V.
Issue
3
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries Error
Clutches or Litters per year 4.3 Clutches/yr Embryo Playa Cabuyal, NW Costa Rica Exposure Factor Datasets COSTA RICA 2.3
Citation:

Population trends and survival of nesting green sea turtles Chelonia mydas on Aves Island, Venezuela.

Author(s)
García-Cruz, M.A., Lampo, M., Peñaloza, C.L., Kendall, W.L., Solé, G. and Rodríguez-Clark, K.M.
Issue
2
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutches or Litters per year 2.4 Clutches/yr F Adult 7689 females, 8658 clutches Aves Island Exposure Factor Datasets VENEZUELA
Citation:

Nesting activity of sea turtles, Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) and Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758)(Reptilia, Cheloniidae), at Patara Beach (Antalya, Turkey) over four nesting seasons.

Author(s)
Olgun, K., Bozkurt, E., Ceylan, S., Tural, M., Özcan, S., Karasuleymanoglu, K.Ş. and Geroglu, Y.
Issue
2
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutches or Litters per year 0.75 Embryo 3 nests Patara Beach Exposure Factor Datasets TURKEY
Citation:

Trends and variability in demographic indicators of a recovering population of green sea turtles Chelonia mydas.

Author(s)
Piacenza, S.E., Balazs, G.H., Hargrove, S.K., Richards, P.M. and Heppell, S.S.
Volume
31
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year Review F Adult Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding biology and hatching success of Chelonia mydas (Testudines: Cheloniidae) in Aves Island Wildlife Refuge, Venezuela, during the 2010 reproductive season.

Author(s)
Prieto-Torres, D.A. and Hernández-Rangel, J.
Issue
4
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutches or Litters per year 2 cluthes/yr Embryo 2261 clutches Aves Island Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets VENEZUELA
Citation:

Reproductive output and ultrasonography of an endangered population of East Pacific green turtles.

Author(s)
Blanco, G.S., Morreale, S.J., Velez, E., Piedra, R., Montes, W.M., Paladino, F.V. and Spotila, J.R.
Issue
4
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Clutches or Litters per year 5.13 Clutch freq. from observation+ultrasonography Number clutches/nesting season F Adult 24 Nicoya Peninsula, Guanacaste Province Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding COSTA RICA 1.32
Clutches or Litters per year 3.67 Clutch freq. from observation Number clutches/nesting season F Adult 24 Nicoya Peninsula, Guanacaste Province Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding COSTA RICA 1.79
Citation:

Multiple paternity in the East Pacific green turtle (Chelonia mydas) from the Pacific coast of Mexico.

Author(s)
Chassin-Noria, O., Macip-Ríos, R., Dutton, P.H. and Oyama, K.
Volume
495
Exposure Endpoint Type Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Clutches or Litters per year F Adult 10 females Playa Colola, Aquila, Michoacan Exposure Factor Datasets Nesting MEXICO

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Demography of Bell's Vireos in Missouri grassland-shrub habitats.

Author(s)
Budnik, J.M., Ryan, M.R. and Thompson III, F.R.
Issue
4
Volume
117
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Location Type Error
Clutches or Litters per year 2.29 Clutches per female Adult Exposure Factor Datasets 0.37
Clutches or Litters per year 7.07 Eggs per female Adult Exposure Factor Datasets 1.17
Clutches or Litters per year 2.02 Clutches per female Adult Exposure Factor Datasets 0.17
Clutches or Litters per year 1.47 Clutches per female Adult Exposure Factor Datasets 0.1
Citation:

Natural history of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon

Author(s)
Barlow, Jon C.
Pages
243-296
Year
Issue
5
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year number of broods raised in one nesting season clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 9 pairs Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
1-17
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutches or Litters per year review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA

Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 5 litters/year 20 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year 1 litter/yr 25 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Captive striped skunk produces two litters

Author(s)
Shadle Albert R.
Pages
388-389
Year
Issue
3
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 2 litters/year 1 female Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mating system and reproductive success of a small population of polygamous snowy plovers

Author(s)
Warriner, John S., Jane C. Warriner, Gary W. Page and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
15-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 2 maximum number of broods attempted by individual birds within one breeding season Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Reproduction of the brush rabbit in California

Author(s)
Mossman, Archie S.
Pages
177-184
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year estimated by dividing breeding season length by gestation time litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Nutritional ecology of the California vole: Effects of food quality on reproduction

Author(s)
Batzli, George O.
Pages
406-412
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Clutches or Litters per year 1.0 litters per female per 12 wks litters/12 wks Female Adult 12 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.2 SE Laboratory
Clutches or Litters per year 0.2 litters per female per 12 wks litters/12 wks Female Adult 12 Exposure Factor Datasets subadult (4 wks) 0.1 SE Laboratory
Clutches or Litters per year 0.5 litters per female per 12 wks litters/12 wks Female Adult 24 Exposure Factor Datasets subadult (4 weeks) 0.2 SE Laboratory
Clutches or Litters per year 1.9 litters per female per 12 wks litters/12 wks Female Adult 12 Exposure Factor Datasets adult 0.2 SE Laboratory
Clutches or Litters per year 0.3 litters per female per 12 wks litters/12 wks Female Adult 12 Exposure Factor Datasets subadult (4 wks) 0.2 SE Laboratory

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

The sexual cycle of the male long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata)

Author(s)
Wright, Philip L.
Pages
343-352
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 1 litter/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding habits of captive long-tailed weasels (Mustela frenata)

Author(s)
Wright, Philip L.
Pages
338-344
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutches or Litters per year 1 litter/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

Notes on reproduction of the side-blotched lizard Uta stansburiana stansburiana in southwest Idaho

Author(s)
Bakewell, George, Joseph M. Chopek and Gary L. Burkholder
Pages
477-482
Year
Issue
3
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 124 Snake River Valley (elev., 530-750m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction in a mountain population of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae)

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
31-35
Year
Issue
1
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 162 San Gabriel Mountains (elev., 1585-1829m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Citation:

Reproduction by Uta stansburiana (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae) in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Medica, Philip A. and Frederick B. Turner
Pages
123-128
Year
Issue
2
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 1363 Rock Valley, Nye county Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The life history of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard, in north-central Oregon

Author(s)
Nussbaum, Ronald A. and Lowell V. Diller
Pages
243-260
Year
Issue
4
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported Deschutes River, Jefferson county (elev., 732m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparative ecology of populations of the lizard Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Parker, William S. and Eric R. Pianka
Pages
615-632
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1975
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported Stansbury and Granstville, UT [lat., 40] Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported El Paso, TX; Casa Grande, Phoenix South Mountain, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The demography of the lizard, Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard, in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Gerard A. Hoddenbach, Philip A. Medica and Joseph R. Lannom
Pages
505-519
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The life and demography of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Tinkle, Donald W.
Pages
1 - 182
Year
Volume
132
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year at least 3 clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)

Citation:

The rabbits of California

Author(s)
Orr, R.T.
Pages
1-227
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year >2 litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Resource dependence and territory size in loggehead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
465-469
Year
Issue
2
Volume
111
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year number of clutches laid per season per pair clutches/pair Both Male and Female Adult 10 pairs Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The effects of fencelines on the reproductive success of loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
281-285
Year
Issue
1
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year number of second clutches laid per season clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 27 pairs Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive success and nesting habitat of loggerhead shrikes in north-central South Carolina

Author(s)
Gawlik, Dale E. and Keith L. Bildstein
Pages
37-48
Year
Issue
1
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 49 nests York County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nest ecology, productivity, and growth of the loggerhead shrike on the shortgrass prairie

Author(s)
Porter, David K., Mark A. Strong, J. Brent Giezentanner and Ronald A. Ryder
Pages
429-436
Year
Issue
4
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 1 clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 77 pairs Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting ecology of the loggerhead shrike in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Tyler, Jack D.
Pages
95-104
Year
Issue
1
Volume
104
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 122 pairs Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dynamics of a loggerhead shrike population in Minnesota

Author(s)
Brooks, Bonnie L. and Stanley A. Temple
Pages
441-450
Year
Issue
3
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 48 pairs southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Habitat selection and breeding biology of loggerhead shrikes in eastern Ontario and Quebec

Author(s)
Chabot, Amy, Rodger D. Titman and David M. Bird
Pages
155-156
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Clutches or Litters per year review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

"Double clutching" and its possible significance in the bullfrog

Author(s)
Emlen, Stephen T.
Pages
749-751
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1977
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year Double clutching observed in 5 out of 73 females clutches/yr Female Adult 73 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The influence of male-defended oviposition sites on early embryo mortality in bullfrogs

Author(s)
Howard, Richard D.
Pages
789-798
Year
Issue
4
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

A population study of the Beechey ground squirrel in central California

Author(s)
Evans, F. C. and R. Holdenried
Pages
231-260
Year
Issue
2
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year 1 litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported Calaveras Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Santa Clara
Citation:

Patterns of progesterone secretion in free-living California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Holekamp, K.E., S. Nunes and F. Talamantes
Pages
1051-1059
Year
Issue
5
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year 1 litter/yr Female Adult 128 University of California, Santa Cruz Campus [lat., 37^oN; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz
Citation:

Natural history of the ground squirrels of California

Author(s)
Grinnel, J. and J.S. Dixon
Pages
597-708
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 1 litter/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Multiple litters in the California ground squirrel, Spermophilus beecheyi fisheri, in Tulare county

Author(s)
Simpson, G. L., and T.K. Lamunyon
Pages
101-104
Year
Volume
9
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year evidence for 2nd litter in 20% of reproductively active females litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported Coho creek Exposure Factor Datasets Tulare

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:

An age-structured demographic model for endangered Stephens' kangaroo rat

Author(s)
Price, Mary V. and Patrick A. Kelly
Pages
810-821
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year range over 2 yrs litters/yr Female Adult 8-14/yr Motte Rimrock Reserve and San Jacinto Wildlife Area Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 1 Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Riparian Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. riparius)

Citation:

Status review of the riparian brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) in California

Author(s)
Larsen, Caryla J.
Pages
1-22
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Nongame Bird and Mammal Section Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year review reported 3-4 litters per season (data source not specified) Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Spacing out at Mono Lake: Breeding success, nest density, and predation in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Pages
13-24
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year 2 number of clutches laid by 30 out of 81 total nesting females clutches/yr Female Adult 81 nesting females Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Environmental and endocrine control of reproduction in the song sparrow, Melospiza melodia. I. Temporal Organization of the breeding cycle

Author(s)
Wingfield, John C.
Pages
406-416
Year
Issue
3
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 2 clutches/year Both Male and Female Adult about 5 each Rockefeller University field research center Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Determinants of lifetime reproductive success in the song sparrow

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M
Pages
154-172
Publisher
University of Chicago Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutches or Litters per year 2 clutches/year Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Determinants and consequences of nestling condition in song sparrows

Author(s)
Hochachka, Wesley, and James N. M. Smith
Pages
995-1008
Year
Issue
3
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutches or Litters per year 2-3 broods/year Not Reported Adult Not Reported Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)

Citation:

Demographic and life cycle characteristics of montane deer mice

Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Duncan G. Innes
Pages
574-585
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutches or Litters per year 1.9 litters/yr Female Adult 38 Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.1 SE

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Population abundance, pup mortality, and copulation frequency in the California sea lion in relation to the 1983 El Nino on San Nicolas Island

Author(s)
Francis, J. M. and C. B. Heath
Pages
271-288
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year range of fecundity over 4 yrs; peak pup/peak female counts pups/female/yr Female Adult 4360-6952 pups San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Estimating sea otter reproductive rates

Author(s)
Eberhardt, L.L. and K.B. Schneider
Pages
31-37
Publisher
Society for Marine Mammology
Year
Issue
1
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Clutches or Litters per year Pr {giving birth in a year} = 1- (1-p1)^120(1-p2)^65 p1 = daily probability of becoming pregnant during the high probability period
p2 = daily probability of becoming pregnant during the remaining part of the year.
p1 and p2 = 0.02 and 0.00067, respectively, based on observations from Prince William Sound, 		Female Adult 1,482 Aleutian islands, AK Exposure Factor Datasets 2-16 years
Citation:

Reproduction, survival and tag loss in California sea otters

Author(s)
Siniff, Donald B., and Katherine Ralls
Pages
211-229
Year
Issue
3
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Clutches or Litters per year 0.9 annual reproductive rate based on number of pups born during monitoring period pups/year Female Adult 13 animals Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

The sea otter in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Author(s)
Kenyon, Karl W.
Pages
1-352
Year
Issue
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year annual reproductive rate, based on field count, sex ratio, reproductive tract data % Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Amchitka Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Riparian forest as habitat for the least Bell's vireo

Author(s)
Gray, M. Violet and James M. Greaves
Pages
605-611
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year annual clutch numbers per pair observed over 2 years clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 43-48 pairs (2 yrs) Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

A field study of the growth and behavior of the fence lizard

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
151-172
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 1 clutches/yr Female Adult 93 Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Fat and breeding cycles in two montane populations of Sceloporus occidentalis (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguandidae)

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr. and Allen Allison
Pages
211-220
Year
Issue
3
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported central Sierra Nevada (elev., 1500 or 2200m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Reproduction in the desert lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mayhew, Wilbur W.
Pages
57-77
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year 1 clutch/yr Female Adult Not Reported Dale Dry Lake, Palm Springs and Algodones Dunes Exposure Factor Datasets Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Mourning dove production in southwestern Iowa

Author(s)
McClure, Elliot H.
Pages
64-75
Year
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 5.85-5.98 average number of nest attempts by individual pairs nests/year Both Male and Female Adult 1108-1443 nests/year Lewis, Cass County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Author(s)
Mirarchi, Ralph E. and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
1-32
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutches or Litters per year review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Citation:

Nesting and production of the mourning dove in Texas

Author(s)
Swank, Wendell G.
Pages
495-505
Year
Issue
3
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 4.4 mean number of nest attempts made per pair per year nests/yr Both Male and Female Adult 7 marked pairs Texas A&M College campus Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. biseriatus)

Citation:

Reproduction in mountain and lowland populations of the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
176-182
Year
Issue
1
Volume
1974
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year 1-3 clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported Puente Hills, Whittier (elev., 150 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Clutches or Litters per year 1-2 clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported San Gabriel Mountains, Crystal Lake (elev., 1584 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Citation:

Ovarian cycle of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
284-289
Year
Issue
3
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year 1-3 clutches/yr Female Adult 118 Puente Hills and San Gabriel River, Whittier Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)

Citation:

Reproductive parameters of Pacific pond turtles Clemmys marmorata in the streams on the coast of central California

Author(s)
Scott, Norman J., Jr., Galen B. Rathbun, Thomas G. Murphey and Margaret B. Harker
Publisher
American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year range of average number of clutches/yr clutches/yr Female Adult 81 clutches Arroyo Laguna, Little Pico Creek, Pico Creek and San Simeon Creek Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Effects of x-irradiation on a natural population of the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Author(s)
Blair, W. Frank
Pages
113-118
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 4 litters/yr Female Adult 110 litters Taylor, Williamson County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal reproductive pattern in four coexisting rodent species from the Cascade Mountains, Washington

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and Barnes, B. M.
Year
Issue
2
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported Cascade Mountains, Fish Lake [lat., 47^o, 49'N; long., 120^o, 40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets

Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Gambelia sila (blunt-nosed leopard lizard): Reproduction

Author(s)
Germano, David J. and Daniel F. Williams
Pages
117-118
Year
Issue
4
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 11 Elkhorn Plain Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo
Citation:

Growth and reproduction in two closely related species of leopard lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii

Author(s)
Tollestrup, Kristine
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
108
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California least tern

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W.
Pages
1-24
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year 1 normal number of broods per year Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach; Santa Margarita Lagoon Exposure Factor Datasets Orange

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Author(s)
Stebbins, Robert C.
Pages
47-124
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year 1 clutch/yr Female Adult Not Reported Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive cycle of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the eastern Mojave desert

Author(s)
Rostal, David C., Valentine A. Lance, Janice S. Grumbles and Allison C. Alberts
Pages
72-82
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Egg production by the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Page Hayden, Betty L. Burge and Jan B. Roberson
Pages
93-104
Year
Issue
1
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year range of means for 3 yrs; overall range = 1-3 clutches/yr Female Adult 20-26 animals Ivanpah Valley, Goffs Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Population ecology of the desert tortoise at Goffs, San Bernadino County, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Kristin H. Berry, Betty L. Burge, Page Hayden, Lori Nicholson and Jan Bickett
Pages
68-81
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutches or Litters per year 1.9 Female Adult 19 animals Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 732m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 0.1SE
Citation:

Reproduction and survival of the desert tortoise (Scaptochelys agassizii) in Ivanpah Valley, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Philip A. Medica and Craig L. Lyons
Pages
811-820
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1984
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year range of means for 2 yr period clutches/yr Female Adult 15-40 animals Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Size-specific fecundity of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)

Author(s)
Mueller, James M., Kamila R. Sharp, Katherine K. Zander, Danny L. Rakestraw, Kurt R. Rautenstrauch and Patrick E. Lederle
Pages
313-319
Year
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutches or Litters per year 8.2 mean annual fecundity for tortoises with mean carapace length of 247.4 mm eggs/yr Female Adult 30 Yucca Mountain, Nye County (elev., 1000-1500m) [lat., 36^o51'; long., 116^o25' W] Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 SE

Desert Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana ssp. stejnegeri)

Citation:

Population structure and reproduction in the lizard Uta stansburiana stejnegeri

Author(s)
Tinkle, Donald W.
Pages
206-234
Year
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 3 clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported Palo Duro Canyon, Armstrong County (elev., 2000-3600 ft); Kermit , Winkler County and Monahans, Ward County (elev., 2800 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the double-crested cormorant on Utah Lake

Author(s)
Mitchell, Ronald M.
Pages
1-23
Year
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 11 nests Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Reproduction and food habits of Merriam's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami

Author(s)
Bradley, W. Glenn and Roger A. Mauer
Pages
497-507
Year
Issue
3
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported Las Vegas Valley, Clark County (elev., 2500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets

Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)

Citation:

Multiple egg clutches in Hyla regilla, H. cinerea and H. gratiosa

Author(s)
Perrill, Stephen A. and Richard E. Daniel
Pages
513-516
Year
Volume
1983
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year estimated by number of times a female was found in amplexus with palpable eggs clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported San Diego Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 2 usual number of nesting attempts per year nests/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii ssp. extimus)

Citation:

A southwestern willow flycatcher natural history summary and survey protocol

Author(s)
Sogge, Mark K., Robert M. Marshall, Susan J. Sferra, and Timothy J. Tibbitts
Pages
42 pp
Publisher
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. ubericolor)

Citation:

The breeding biology of the brush rabbit population.

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A. and Amy L. Harman
Pages
816-823
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year estimated by dividing length of breeding season by gestation period or time required to produce a litter litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets
Download CSV
Subscribe to Clutches or Litters per year

Comment

Please let us know if the information on this page is helpful for you. Enter your comment and leave your email address if you would like to receive a response. Thank you!
OEHHA is subject to the California Public Records Act and other laws that require the release of certain information upon request. If you provide comments, please be aware that your name, address and e-mail may be available to third parties. In addition, all public comments will be posted on our web site upon the close of the comment period.
OEHHA California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment