Reptiles

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Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Reproduction in the desert lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mayhew, Wilbur W.
Pages
57-77
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size based on eggs in oviduct eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Dale Dry Lake, Palm Springs and Algodones Dunes Exposure Factor Datasets Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 75 time from egg to hatching d Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Dale Dry Lake, Palm Springs and Algodones Dunes Exposure Factor Datasets Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino
Time of Hatching or Parturition Aug. Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Dale Dry Lake, Palm Springs and Algodones Dunes Exposure Factor Datasets Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino
Citation:

The ecology of the desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Norris, Kenneth S.
Pages
265-287
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition Aug. Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - May time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying June - July time of laying Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Life history of the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Krekorian, C. O'Neil
Pages
415-424
Year
Issue
4
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 46.0 g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 11 Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets 31-32 mo Riverside 13.4 SD
Body Weight - Mean 43.3 g Both Male and Female Adult 5 Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets 43-44 mo Riverside 9.7 SD
Citation:

Ontogenetic changes in diet, field metabolic rate, and water flux in the herbivorous lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mautz, William J. and Kenneth A. Nagy
Pages
640-658
Year
Issue
6
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Plant Species: Ambrosia dumosa (19.6%); Coldenia palmeri (10.1%); Dalea schottii (14.4%); Euphorbia polycarpa (4.5%); Geraea canescens (3.1%); Larrea divaricata (32.7%); Palafoxia linearis (11.7%); Rafinesquia neomexicana (1.6%); Schismus barbatus (0.7%);Arthropods (0.5%); Rodent feces (0.5%); Shed skin (0.6%) mean % of total dry matter stomach contents % Not Reported Adult 6 Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Dietary Composition Plant Species: Ambrosia dumosa (15.4%); Coldenia palmeri (68.3%); Croton californica (2.8%); Dalea emoryi (5.9%); Dalea schottii (5.6%); Arthropods (1.3%); Gravel (0.8%) mean % of total dry matter stomach contents % Not Reported Hatchling 12 Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

Habitat preference and the distribution of Uta stansburiana and Sceloporus occidentalis in coastal California

Author(s)
Davis, John and Nicholaas A. M. Verbeek
Pages
643-649
Year
Volume
1972
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity 22-23 mo Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Hastings Reservation, Carmel Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Citation:

Energy expenditure in free-ranging lizards

Author(s)
Bennett, Albert F. and Kenneth A. Nagy
Pages
697-700
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 11.5 g Both Male and Female Adult 20 Ecology Research Area, University of California, Los Angeles Exposure Factor Datasets 0.4SE
Metabolic Rate 0.220 field metabolic rate estimated by carbon dioxide production, using doubly labelled water ml CO2/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 11 Ecology Research Area, University of California, Los Angeles Exposure Factor Datasets reproductively active 0.019SE
Metabolic Rate 0.198 field metabolic rate estimated by carbon dioxide production, using doubly labelled water ml CO2/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 11 Ecology Research Area, University of California, Los Angeles Exposure Factor Datasets reproductively inactive 0.034SE
Citation:

Fat and breeding cycles in two montane populations of Sceloporus occidentalis (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguandidae)

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr. and Allen Allison
Pages
211-220
Year
Issue
3
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition Aug. - Oct. time of hatching Both Male and Female Hatchling Not Reported central Sierra Nevada (elev., 1500 or 2200m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported central Sierra Nevada (elev., 1500 or 2200m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 20 mo Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported central Sierra Nevada (elev., 1500 or 2200m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal, sexual and altitudinal variations in stomach content and ingested fat in Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr., A.A. Heusner and Donna Lem
Pages
255-261
Year
Issue
3
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Food Ingestion Rate 219 mean measured stomach content fresh weight of lizard averaging 8.6 g mg Female Not Reported 184 animals yellow pine forest (elev., 1500m), central Sierra Nevada Exposure Factor Datasets 182SD
Citation:

Seasonal profiles of standard metabolic rate of lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) in relation to latitude

Author(s)
Tsuji, Joyce S.
Pages
230-240
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate range of means of whole body standard metabolic rate estimated by oxygen consumption at 16C for 6 monthly measurements on lizards captured less than 3 d ml O2/hr Male Adult 7-12 animals/month captured at Chatsworth [lat., 34^o25' N] Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Metabolic Rate range of means of whole-body standard metabolic rate estimated by oxygen consumption at 35C for 6 monthly measurements on lizards captured less than 3 d ml O2/hr Male Adult 7-12 animals/month captured at Chatsworth [lat., 34^o25' N] Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Relation of oxygen consumption to body weight, temperature, and temperature acclimation in lizards Uta stansburiana and Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Dawson, William R. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
40-51
Year
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate OC = 1.76W^0.68 equation relating resting oxygen consumption (OC) to body weight (W, g) at 40C cc O2/g/hr Not Reported Not Reported 2-5/weight group Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

A field study of the growth and behavior of the fence lizard

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
151-172
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition July - Sept. Not Reported Hatchling 93 Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Nov. - Mar. Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 93 Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Respiratory changes during attempted induced hibernation in Sceloporus occidentalis in San Diego County, California

Author(s)
Mazzarella, Daral B.
Pages
310-314
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1976
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean g Not Reported Not Reported 60 U.S. International University Campus Exposure Factor Datasets San Diego
Metabolic Rate 0.24 oxygen consumption measured in laboratory at 23C on newly caught (1 wk) lizards cc O2/g/hr Not Reported Not Reported 20 U.S. International University Campus Exposure Factor Datasets San Diego
Citation:

Sceloporus occidentalis (baird and Girard), Western fence lizard

Author(s)
Bell, Edwin L. and Andrew H. Price
Pages
1-17
Year
Volume
631
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth and size of the Western Fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Author(s)
Davis, John
Pages
721-731
Year
Volume
1967
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition July - Sept. Both Male and Female Hatchling Not Reported Hastings Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma inornata)

Citation:

Effects of reduction in windblown sand on the abundance of the fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata) in the Coachella Valley, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Donald C. Weaver and James C. Rorabaugh
Pages
370-378
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1984
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density #/ha Not Reported Not Reported 0-43 animals/10 plots (2.25 ha) Palm Springs, Indio Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Home range dynamics of the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard

Author(s)
Horchar, Victor M.
Pages
61
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 1070 average home range estimated using minimum convex polygon method (snout-vent length, 80+mm) m2 Male Adult 25 Whitewater Floodplain Reserve, Palm Springs Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside 228 (95CI)

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

Notes on reproduction of the side-blotched lizard Uta stansburiana stansburiana in southwest Idaho

Author(s)
Bakewell, George, Joseph M. Chopek and Gary L. Burkholder
Pages
477-482
Year
Issue
3
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 1 based on presence of mature spermazoa or yolked ovarian follicles, oviducal eggs or corpora lutea; snout-vent length = 40-43 mm yr Both Male and Female Adult 275 Snake River Valley (elev., 530-750m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr.-May and June-July time of laying Female Adult 124 Snake River Valley (elev., 530-750m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 124 Snake River Valley (elev., 530-750m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction in a mountain population of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae)

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
31-35
Year
Issue
1
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity 10 mo Female Adult 162 San Gabriel Mountains (elev., 1585-1829m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Time of Hatching or Parturition July - Oct. Both Male and Female Hatchling Not Reported San Gabriel Mountains (elev., 1585-1829m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 63 time between laying and hatching d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported San Gabriel Mountains (elev., 1585-1829m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Citation:

The life history of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard, in north-central Oregon

Author(s)
Nussbaum, Ronald A. and Lowell V. Diller
Pages
243-260
Year
Issue
4
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean egg weight g Not Reported Embryo 13 Deschutes River, Jefferson county (elev., 732m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 175 #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Deschutes River, Jefferson county (elev., 732m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 0.219 estimated using probability density function (95% confidence interval) ha Male Adult 9 Deschutes River, Jefferson county (elev., 732m) Exposure Factor Datasets 0.06 SE
Citation:

Home range, growth, and population density of Uta stansburiana in Arizona

Author(s)
Parker, William S.
Pages
135-139
Year
Issue
2
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Growth Rate 0.31 growth rate estimated by increase in snout-vent length (mm), snout-vent length range 50-56mm mm/mo Female Not Reported 2 Phoenix South Mountain, Maricopa county Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.58 growth rate estimated by increase in snout-vent length (mm), snout-vent length range 50-58mm mm/mo Male Not Reported 22 Phoenix South Mountain, Maricopa county Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition May-June Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Phoenix South Mountain, Maricopa county Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Latitudinal variation in activity season mortality rates of the lizard Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Wilson, Byron S.
Pages
393-414
Year
Issue
4
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality range of early activity season (spring to summer) mortality rates measured over 2 yrs deaths/100 lizards/d Not Reported Adult 27-51/yr San Joaquin Valley (elev., 460m), [lat., 37^o38'N; long., 121^o29' W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin
Citation:

The life and demography of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Tinkle, Donald W.
Pages
1 - 182
Year
Volume
132
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean range of average egg weights for clutch sizes of 2-6. g Both Male and Female Embryo 1-28 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate range of average male and female growth rates, based on increases in snout-vent length mm/d Both Male and Female Hatchling 35-72/sex Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate range of average male and female growth rates, based on increases in snout-vent length (40-49 mm) mm/d Both Male and Female Adult 17-21/sex Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Relation of oxygen consumption to body weight, temperature, and temperature acclimation in lizards Uta stansburiana and Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Dawson, William R. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
40-51
Year
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate OC = 1.32W^0.54 equation relating resting oxygen consumption (OC) to body weight (W, g) at 35C cc O2/g/hr Not Reported Not Reported 2-5/weight group Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Metabolic Rate OC = 2.19W^0.55 equation relating resting oxygen consumption (OC) to body weight (W, g) at 40C cc O2/g/hr Not Reported Not Reported 2-5/weight group Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Hormonal and physiological control of clutch size, egg size and egg shape in side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana): constraints on the evolution of lizard life histories

Author(s)
Sinervo, Barry and Paul Licht
Pages
252-264
Year
Volume
257
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 4.6 average clutch size eggs/female Female Adult 16 Corral Hollow Road Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Clutch or Litter Size 4.3 average clutch size eggs/female Female Adult 27 Del Puerto Canyon Road Exposure Factor Datasets Stanislaus

Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)

Citation:

Ecology of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana, on Santa Barbara Island, California

Author(s)
Fellers, Gary M. and Charles A. Drost
Pages
28-78
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Growth Rate 0.046 increase in snout-vent length (40-50 mm size class) mm/d Not Reported Not Reported Santa Barbara Island Exposure Factor Datasets 1.3 yr 0.003 SE
Growth Rate 0.040 increase in snout-vent length (50-60 mm size class) mm/d Not Reported Not Reported Santa Barbara Island Exposure Factor Datasets 2.0 yr 0.003 SE
Growth Rate 0.030 increase in snout-vent length (60-70 mm size class) mm/d Not Reported Not Reported Santa Barbara Island Exposure Factor Datasets 2.9 yr 0.002 SE
Citation:

Ecology and energetics of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana, on San Clemente Island, California

Author(s)
Mautz, William J.
Pages
417-428
Publisher
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Population Density 1458 #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 120 marked animals San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets 103 SE
Growth Rate 0.05 increase in snout-vent length during 1st yr mm/d Both Male and Female 14 San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets 0-1 yr
Growth Rate 0.03 increase in snout-vent length during 2nd yr mm/d Both Male and Female 12 San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets 1-2 yr

Western Skink (Eumeces skiltonianus)

Citation:

Clutch and egg size in several species of lizards from the desert southwest

Author(s)
Punzo, Fred
Pages
414-417
Year
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.7 based on oviducal egg counts eggs/clutch Female Adult 6 Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Body Weight - Mean 11.275 mean snout-vent length = 78.7mm g Female Adult 6 Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 2.443SD
Body Weight - Mean 0.669 egg weight g Not Reported Embryo 6 Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 0.042SD

Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)

Citation:

Food habits, consumption rates, and predation rates of western rattlesnakes and gopher snakes in southwestern Utah

Author(s)
Diller, Lowell V. and Donald R. Johnson
Pages
228-233
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Population Density 1.2 mean density in 9 habitat types #/ha Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Snake Rive Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Exposure Factor Datasets 0.6 SD
Food Ingestion Rate 1.6 % body weight consumed per day % Not Reported Not Reported 43 captive in outdoor enclosures at Snake River Birds of Prey Area Exposure Factor Datasets Age class 1 and older 0.82 SD Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative ecology of two snake species (Crotalus viridis and Pituophis melanoleucus) in southwestern Idaho

Author(s)
Diller, Lowell V. and Richard L. Wallace
Pages
343-360
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 59.8 g Female Juvenile 59 Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Exposure Factor Datasets 43.0 SD
Body Weight - Mean 238.4 g Male Adult 231 Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Exposure Factor Datasets 101.5 SD
Body Weight - Mean 267.9 g Female Adult 90 Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Exposure Factor Datasets 123.0 SD
Citation:

Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
28
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8.5 eggs/clutch Female Adult 33 "west coast" Exposure Factor Datasets

Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)

Citation:

A preliminary study of Thamnophis near Sagehen Creek, California

Author(s)
White, Marshall and James A. Kolb
Pages
126-136
Year
Volume
1974
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 41 g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 160 Kyburz Flat Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra
Dietary Composition Hyla (55.5%); Catostomus (21.8%); Microtus (5.4%); Rhinichthys (11.5%) % of total volume of stomach contents % Both Male and Female Not Reported <110 Kyburz Flat Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)

Citation:

Nesting behavior and movements of western pond turtles, Clemmys marmorata

Author(s)
Rathbun, Galen B., Nancy Siepel and Dan Holland
Pages
319-324
Year
Issue
3
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range mean daily movement m Not Reported Adult 4 Arroyo Laguna-Oak Knoll Creek, San Simeon Point Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo
Citation:

Habits and home range of the Pacific pond turtle, Clemmys marmorata, in a stream community

Author(s)
Bury, Richard Bruce
Pages
205
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 214 density also reported as 333-347 turtles/mile of stream or 85 turtles/acre #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 578 marked turtles Hayfork Creek (elev., 610m) Exposure Factor Datasets Trinity

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Hibernaculum use by a population of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) in the Sonoran desert

Author(s)
Bailey, Scott J., Cecil R. Schwalbe and Charles H. Lowe
Pages
361-369
Year
Issue
3
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Oct. - Dec. (begin), Mar.-June (end) Both Male and Female Adult 9 San Pedro River Valley, Pinal County [lat., 32^o38'N; long., 110^o34'W] Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Changes in a desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) population after a period of high mortality

Author(s)
Germano, David J. and Michele A. Joyner
Pages
190-198
Publisher
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-166
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality range of per capita mortality rates (k) for 2 time periods /yr Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 115-130 animals/time period Piute Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean BW = 0.000505(CL)^2.826 regression of carapace length (CL; 80 - 260mm) to body weight (BW; g) g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 53 Piute Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Accelerated growth rate and early maturity in Gopherus agassizi (Reptilia: Testudines)

Author(s)
Jackson, Crawford G., Jr., John A. Trotter, Thomas H. Trotter and Mary W. Trotter
Pages
139-145
Year
Issue
2
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 1452 g Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets 3 yr post-hatch 99.4 SE Laboratory
Growth Rate 715 g/yr Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets 2 yr post-hatch Laboratory
Citation:

Desert tortoise population of the Beaver Dam Slope in northwestern Arizona

Author(s)
Sheppard, George Pat
Pages
25-47
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density #/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Beaver Dam Slope Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The distribution and abundance of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) on the Chocolate Mountains Aerial Gunnery Range

Author(s)
Berry, Kristin H., A. Peter Woodman, Lori L. Nicholson and Betty L. Burge
Pages
47-65
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density population density ranges in % of area (605 mi2) surveyed #/mi2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Chocolate Mountains Aerial Gunnery Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population ecology of the desert tortoise at Goffs, San Bernadino County, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Kristin H. Berry, Betty L. Burge, Page Hayden, Lori Nicholson and Jan Bickett
Pages
68-81
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutches or Litters per year 1.9 Female Adult 19 animals Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 732m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 0.1SE
Time of Mating/ Laying July - Oct. mating Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 732m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Desert tortoise (Mojave population) recovery plan

Author(s)
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Pages
73
Publisher
United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range and habitat of the desert tortoise (Xerobates agassizi) in the Picacho mountains of Arizona

Author(s)
Barrett, Sheryl L.
Pages
202-206
Year
Issue
2
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 19 ha Both Male and Female Adult 14 Picacho Mountains, Pinal County Exposure Factor Datasets 4.6 SE
Citation:

Effects of incubation conditions on sex determination, hatching success, and growth of hatchling desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii

Author(s)
Spotila, James R., Linda C. Zimmerman, Christopher A. Binckley, Janice S. Grumbles, David C. Rostal, Albert List Jr., Eva C. Beyer, Kelly M. Phillips and Stanley J. Kemp
Pages
103-116
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 125 (26C); 89 (28.1C); 72 (30.6C); 68 (32.8C); 73 (33C); 85 (35.3C) incubation time at various temperatures (26-35.3C) d Not Reported Embryo 10-29 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Physiological ecology of desert tortoises in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Nagy, Kenneth A. and Philip A. Medica
Pages
73-92
Year
Issue
1
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Langloisia setosissima (39.5%); Camissonia munzii (34%); Oryzopsis hymenoides (14.5%); Bromus rubens (11.5%); other (0.5%) % total fresh volume (weighted annual mean) estimated from observations of feeding animals % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 11 animals Rock Valley, Nye County Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. biseriatus)

Citation:

Ovarian cycle of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
284-289
Year
Issue
3
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size CS = 0.378SVL - 17.04 regression equation relating clutch size (CS; # eggs/oviduct) to snout-vent length (SVL, mm) of female. eggs/clutch Female Adult 49 Puente Hills and San Gabriel River, Whittier Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 49 Puente Hills and San Gabriel River, Whittier Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Northwestern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. occidentalis)

Citation:

Home range in the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis)

Author(s)
Davis, John and R. Glenn Ford
Pages
933-940
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1983
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Condition
Home Range 131.92 home range reported as minimum area probability (0.95 level); minimum area which will contain a given proportion (95%) of the total observations of the average individual m2 Male 36 animals Hastings Natural History Reservation, Carmel Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 1 yr Monterey nonbreeding
Home Range 76.50 home range reported as minimum area probability (0.95 level); minimum area which will contain a given proportion (95%) of the total observations of the average individual m2 Female 37 animals Hastings Natural History Reservation, Carmel Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 1 yr Monterey nonbreeding

Desert Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana ssp. stejnegeri)

Citation:

Dry and wet year comparisons of clutch and adult body sizes of Uta stansburiana stejnegeri

Author(s)
Worthington, Richard D.
Pages
332-334
Year
Issue
3
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 based on number of enlarged vitellogenic ovarian follicles (>2 mm) or oviductal eggs during a "dry" year eggs/clutch Female Adult 8 Anapra, Dona Ana county Exposure Factor Datasets 0.38
Clutch or Litter Size 3.75 based on number of enlarged vitellogenic ovarian follicles (>2 mm) or oviductal eggs during a "wet" year eggs/clutch Female Adult 20 Anapra, Dona Ana county Exposure Factor Datasets 0.25

Red-spotted Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. concinnus)

Citation:

Some observations on the natural history of two Oregon garter snakes (Genus Thamnophis)

Author(s)
Stewart, Glenn R.
Pages
71-86
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8.2 determined by palpation young/litter Female Adult 18 Willamette Valley Exposure Factor Datasets

Red-sided Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. parietalis)

Citation:

Temperature-dependent shifts in the metabolism of a cool temperate reptile, Thanmophis sirtalis parietalis

Author(s)
Aleksiuk, Michael
Pages
495-503
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate see citation figure of oxygen consumption at 5-27C ml O2/g/hr Both Male and Female Not Reported 60 captured at Winnipeg, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Annual reproductive cycle in the male red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis: Field and laboratory studies

Author(s)
Krohmer, Randolph W., Mark Grassman and David Crews
Pages
64-75
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - May time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult 5/sampling time Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. sirtalis)

Citation:

Influence of pregnancy on oxygen consumption, heart rate and hematology in the garter snake: Implications for the "cost of reproduction" in live bearing reptiles

Author(s)
Birchard, Geoffrey F., Craig P. Black, Gordon W. Schuett and Virginia Black
Pages
519-523
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.059 resting oxygen consumption at 25C cm3 O2 STP/hr/g Male Adult 6 captured in Michigan and Ohio Exposure Factor Datasets 0.001 SE Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 0.054 resting oxygen consumption at 25C cm3 O2 STP/hr/g Female Adult 3 captured in Michigan and Ohio Exposure Factor Datasets non-pregnant 0.011 SE Laboratory

San Francisco Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. tetrataenia)

Citation:

Captive reproduction of the San Francisco garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia

Author(s)
Cover, John F., Jr. and Donal M. Boyer
Pages
29-33
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean range of means from 6 breedings g Not Reported Neonate 6 groups of young Dallas and Ft. Worth Zoos Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size 17 young/female Female Adult 6 Dallas and Ft. Worth Zoos Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Observations on the San Joaquin leopard lizard, Crotaphytus wislizenii silus Stenjneger

Author(s)
Montanucci, Richard R.
Pages
270-283
Year
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 3 eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Tulare
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 57 egg to hatching d Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Tulare
Citation:

Growth and reproduction in two closely related species of leopard lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii

Author(s)
Tollestrup, Kristine
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
108
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Growth Rate 1.6 increase in snout-vent length from 8 to 12 mo mm/mo Female 2 Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets 8 - 12 mo Kern, Kings, Tulare
Growth Rate 2.0 increase in snout-vent length mm/mo Male Adult 36 Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare

Valley Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. fitchi)

Citation:

Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
28
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 11.32 based on embryo count eggs/litter Female Adult 22 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.98
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