Reptiles

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Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. sirtalis)

Citation:

Influence of pregnancy on oxygen consumption, heart rate and hematology in the garter snake: Implications for the "cost of reproduction" in live bearing reptiles

Author(s)
Birchard, Geoffrey F., Craig P. Black, Gordon W. Schuett and Virginia Black
Pages
519-523
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.095 resting oxygen consumption at 25C cm3 O2 STP/hr/g Female Adult 6 captured in Michigan and Ohio Exposure Factor Datasets pregnant 0.010 SE Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 1.66 g Not Reported Neonate 8 captured in Michigan and Ohio Exposure Factor Datasets 0.07 SE Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 0.119 resting oxygen consumption at 25C cm3 O2 STP/hr/g Not Reported Neonate 8 captured in Michigan and Ohio Exposure Factor Datasets 0.010 SE Laboratory

Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Growth and reproduction in two closely related species of leopard lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii

Author(s)
Tollestrup, Kristine
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
108
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size range of average clutch size from 2 sites over 2 yrs eggs/clutch Female Adult 3-22 Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings
Age at Sexual Maturity 9 (occassionally 21) based on presence of oviductal eggs and breeding color mo Female Adult Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare
Age at Sexual Maturity mo Male Adult Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Relationship of space use to population density in an herbivorus lizard

Author(s)
Alberts, Allison C.
Pages
469-479
Year
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range over 3 yrs at 3 sites #/ha Both Male and Female Adult 96 marked lizards Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Home Range minimum area versus probability estimate for 3 sites; estimate of area encompassing 95% of total space utilization m2 Male Adult Not Reported Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Home Range minimum area versus probability estimates for 3 sites; estimate of area encompassing 95% of total space utilization m2 Female Adult Not Reported Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Life history of the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Krekorian, C. O'Neil
Pages
415-424
Year
Issue
4
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Longevity longest lived individual in study yr Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Survival/ Mortality 73 annual survivorship % Not Reported Hatchling 37 marked Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets 0-2 mo Riverside
Survival/ Mortality 43 average annual survivorship estimated for 2 yrs % Not Reported 27-65 marked/yr Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets 7-9 mo Riverside
Citation:

Ontogenetic changes in diet, field metabolic rate, and water flux in the herbivorous lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mautz, William J. and Kenneth A. Nagy
Pages
640-658
Year
Issue
6
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 60 average snout-vent length = 12.1 cm g Male Adult 9-24/sampling time Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Body Weight - Mean 47 average snout-vent length = 11.2 cm g Female Adult 4 - 26/sampling time Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Metabolic Rate range of average field metabolic rates (measured using doubly-labeled water) over 3 time periods ml CO2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 7-11/time period Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Diet, behavior and water turnover in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Minnich, John E. and Vaughan H. Shoemaker
Pages
496-509
Year
Volume
84
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Food Ingestion Rate 50 rate estimated from intake of preformed water and water content of food for animals maintaining weight on natural vegetation g fresh wt food//kg/d Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Palm Desert and Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

The ecology of the desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Norris, Kenneth S.
Pages
265-287
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Plants: Dicoria canescens (50%); Flower heads of composite (25%); Dalea emoryi ? (10%); Coldenia sp. (10%) % volume of total stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 8 Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Seasonal variation in weight-length relationships and fat body size in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Minnich, John E.
Pages
359-362
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1971
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean log weight = 0.010 SVL + 0.46 relationship between body weight (g) and snout-vent length (SVL, mm) g Female Adult Not Reported Palm Desert Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean log weight = 0.013 SVL + 0.24 relationship between body weight (g) and snout-vent length (SVL, mm) g Female Adult Not Reported Palm Desert Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Notes on Dipsosaurus dorsalis in Arizona

Author(s)
Parker, William S.
Pages
226-229
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Sept. - Mar. Not Reported Adult Not Reported Phoenix South Mountain, Maricopa County Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 2.7 growth rate based on changes in snout-vent length (48-73 mm) mm/mo Not Reported Juvenile 22 Phoenix South Mountain, Maricopa County Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

A field study of the growth and behavior of the fence lizard

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
151-172
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 1 clutches/yr Female Adult 93 Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Energy expenditure in free-ranging lizards

Author(s)
Bennett, Albert F. and Kenneth A. Nagy
Pages
697-700
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Metabolic Rate 0.185 resting metabolic rate at 35C, estimated as carbon dioxide production rate ml CO2/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 11 Ecology Research Area, University of California, Los Angeles Exposure Factor Datasets reproductively active 0.015SE
Metabolic Rate 0.300 resting metabolic rate at 35C, estimated as carbon dioxide production rate ml CO2/g/hr Not Reported Juvenile 4 Ecology Research Area, University of California, Los Angeles Exposure Factor Datasets 0.052SE
Metabolic Rate 0.192 resting metabolic rate at 35C, estimated as carbon dioxide production rate ml CO2/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 19 Ecology Research Area, University of California, Los Angeles Exposure Factor Datasets reproductively inactive 0.017SE
Citation:

Fat and breeding cycles in two montane populations of Sceloporus occidentalis (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguandidae)

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr. and Allen Allison
Pages
211-220
Year
Issue
3
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 53 d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported yellow pine forest, central Sierra Nevada (elev., 2200m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dietary overlap of Sceloporus occidentalis and S. graciosus

Author(s)
Rose, Barbara R.
Pages
818-820
Year
Volume
1976
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Formicidae (34.8-34.1%); Coleoptera (18.1-26.4%); Isoptera (19.8-17.2%); Hemiptera-Homoptera (5.0-8.1%); Non-formicid Hymenoptera (5.6-6.5%); Diptera (0.5-1.4%); Orthoptera (1.7-2.6%); Odonata (0.0-0.3%); Dermaptera (0.0-1.3%); Insect larvae (2.8-4.8%); Isopoda (0.0-1.4%); Arancae (1.6-2.8%); Land snails (0.0-0.5%); Sceloporus hatchlings (0.0-0.1%) and Unknown (1.4-2.0%) percentage of total individuals of various prey taxa in stomach contents. % Not Reported Adult 45-47 animals/site Blackbird Valley and Foss Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Napa, Santa Clara
Citation:

Growth and size of the Western Fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Author(s)
Davis, John
Pages
721-731
Year
Volume
1967
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Clutch or Litter Size CS = 0.261(SVL) - 10 regression equation relating clutch size(CS) to female snout-vent length (SVL; mm) eggs/clutch Female Adult 27 Hastings Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Body Weight - Mean BW = 4.44 - 0.31(SVL) + 0.0062(SVL)^2 equation relating body weight (BW; g) to snout-vent length (SVL; 20 - 80mm) g Male Both Adults and Juveniles 101 Hastings Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Body Weight - Mean BW = 2.72 - 0.21(SVL) + 0.0049(SVL)^2 equation relating body weight (BW; g) to snout-vent length (SVL; mm) g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 58 Hastings Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey non-breeding
Citation:

Winter energy requirements of Sceloporus occidentalis in the Mojave desert

Author(s)
Bartlett, Peter
Pages
179-181
Year
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Nov.-Mar. hibernation duration approximates 100 d Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles >12 Victorville Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate Log OC = 0.044T + 0.64 regression equation for oxygen consumption (OC in ul O2/g/hr; log base 10) at various temperatures (T, 0 - 15 C) ul O2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 5-8/temperature Victorville Exposure Factor Datasets hibernating
Citation:

Seasonal, sexual and altitudinal variations in stomach content and ingested fat in Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr., A.A. Heusner and Donna Lem
Pages
255-261
Year
Issue
3
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Food Ingestion Rate SCW = 0.46(BW)^0.63 equation relating stomach content fresh weight (SCW; mg) to body weight (BW; g) mg Both Male and Female Not Reported 920 animals yellow pine forest (elev., 1500m) and valley grassland (elev., 150m), central Sierra Nevada Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 127 estimated average stomach content fresh weight in 5 g lizard mg Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported central Sierra Nevada (elev., 150m and 1500m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Malarial parasitism and home range and social status of male western fence lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Schall, Jos. J. and Philip R. Houle
Pages
74-76
Year
Issue
1
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Home Range m2 Male Adult 24 Hopland Field Station (160 km N of San Francisco) Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

Growth plasticity and thermal opportunity in Sceloporus lizards

Author(s)
Sinervo, Barry and Stephen C. Adolph
Pages
776-790
Year
Issue
3
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Growth Rate range of means of absolute growth rates g/d Both Male and Female Hatchling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets 3 d to 3 wks Laboratory

Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma inornata)

Citation:

Home range dynamics of the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard

Author(s)
Horchar, Victor M.
Pages
61
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 437 average home range estimated using minimum convex polygon method (snout-vent length, 70+mm) m2 Female Adult 37 Whitewater Floodplain Reserve, Palm Springs Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside 168 (95CI)
Home Range 146 average home range estimated using minimum convex polygon method (snout-vent length, 51-69mm) m2 Female Juvenile 15 Whitewater Floodplain Reserve, Palm Springs Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside 56 (95CI)
Home Range 45 average home range estimated using minimum convex polygon method (snout-vent length,0-50mm) m2 Female Hatchling 11 Whitewater Floodplain Reserve, Palm Springs Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside 11 (95CI)

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

The life and demography of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Tinkle, Donald W.
Pages
1 - 182
Year
Volume
132
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 4896 average and range of home ranges at 2 sites over 6 yrs, estimated using minimum polygon method (mark and recapture technique) sq. ft. Male Adult 7-26 lizards/site and yr Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of average weights for snout-vent length size classes of 20-41 mm g Female Juvenile 1-88 lizards/size class and date Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 1497 average and range of home ranges at 2 sites over 6 yrs, estimated using minimum polygon method (mark and recapture technique) sq. ft. Female Adult 6-14 lizards/yr and site Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of average weights for snout-vent length size classes of 46-57 mm g Male Adult 1-24 lizards/size class and date Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 0.49 home range estimated using probability density function (95%) acre Male Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of average weights for snout-vent length size classes of 42-53 mm g Female Adult 1-29 lizards/size class and date Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Feeding ecology of the lizard, Uta stansburiana, in southeastern New Mexico

Author(s)
Best, Troy L. and A.L. Gennaro
Pages
291-301
Year
Issue
3
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Araneae (1.2); Acari (1.8); Solifugae (1.0); Hexapoda (26.3); Collembola (2.5); Thysanura (1.0); Orthoptera (1.2); Dermaptera (1.0); Isoptera (15); Thysanoptera (1.5); Hemiptera (2.3); Homoptera (1.8); Neuroptera (1.3); Coleoptera (2.2); Lepidoptera (1.7); Diptera (1.3); Hymenoptera (9.3); Insect eggs (9.0); Plants (1.0) mean number of prey eaten per lizard eating such prey (estimated from stomach contents) # prey/lizard Not Reported Not Reported 266 Eddy and Lea counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction by Uta stansburiana (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae) in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Medica, Philip A. and Frederick B. Turner
Pages
123-128
Year
Issue
2
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 1363 Rock Valley, Nye county Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - July time of laying Female Adult 1363 Rock Valley, Nye county Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The life history of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard, in north-central Oregon

Author(s)
Nussbaum, Ronald A. and Lowell V. Diller
Pages
243-260
Year
Issue
4
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity mo Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Deschutes River, Jefferson county (elev., 732m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparative ecology of populations of the lizard Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Parker, William S. and Eric R. Pianka
Pages
615-632
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1975
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported Stansbury and Granstville, UT [lat., 40] Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported El Paso, TX; Casa Grande, Phoenix South Mountain, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size range of mean clutch sizes eggs/clutch Female Adult 14-74 animals/site and time period Hart Mountain, OR; Stansbury Island and Grantsville, UT [lat., 40-42] Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hormonal and physiological control of clutch size, egg size and egg shape in side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana): constraints on the evolution of lizard life histories

Author(s)
Sinervo, Barry and Paul Licht
Pages
252-264
Year
Volume
257
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 0.38 average egg weight g Not Reported Embryo 27 Del Puerto Canyon Road Exposure Factor Datasets Stanislaus
Body Weight - Mean 0.35 average egg weight g Not Reported Embryo 35 Los Banos Creek, Billy Wright Road Exposure Factor Datasets Merced
Citation:

The effect of habitat, time of hatching, and body size on the dispersal of hatchling Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Doughty, Paul and Barry Sinervo
Pages
485-490
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 88 #/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Del Puerto Canyon Exposure Factor Datasets Stanislaus
Population Density #/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Los Banos Exposure Factor Datasets Merced
Citation:

Home range, growth, and population density of Uta stansburiana in Arizona

Author(s)
Parker, William S.
Pages
135-139
Year
Issue
2
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 446 home range estimted by convex polygon method (maximum was 810m2) m2 Male Adult 15 Phoenix South Mountain, Maricopa county Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 121 home range estimted by convex polygon method (maximum was 202 m2) m2 Female Adult 15 Phoenix South Mountain, Maricopa county Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Natural longevity of iguanid lizards in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Medica, Philip A. and Frederick B. Turner
Pages
34-35
Year
Issue
2
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 58 oldest individual observed, female mo Both Male and Female Adult 3575 Rock Valley, Nye county Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The demography of the lizard, Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard, in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Gerard A. Hoddenbach, Philip A. Medica and Joseph R. Lannom
Pages
505-519
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of 3 yearly averages for 4 study sites #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Rock Valley, Nye County Exposure Factor Datasets

Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)

Citation:

Ecology of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana, on Santa Barbara Island, California

Author(s)
Fellers, Gary M. and Charles A. Drost
Pages
28-78
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Growth Rate 0.005 increase in snout-vent length (90-100 mm size class) mm/d Not Reported Not Reported Santa Barbara Island Exposure Factor Datasets 12.4 yr 0.004 SE
Home Range 17.2 m2 Both Male and Female Adult 6 Santa Barbara Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology and energetics of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana, on San Clemente Island, California

Author(s)
Mautz, William J.
Pages
417-428
Publisher
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean g Both Male and Female Neonate Not Reported San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The number of young of Xantusia

Author(s)
Brattstrom, Bayard H.
Pages
143-144
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size determined by embryo count young/female Female Adult 4 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Skink (Eumeces skiltonianus)

Citation:

A taxonomic and ecological study of the western skink (Eumeces skiltonianus)

Author(s)
Tanner, Wilmer W.
Pages
59-94
Year
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 8 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 2 yrs Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)

Citation:

Ventilation, gas exchange and blood gases in the snake, Pituophis melanoleucus

Author(s)
Stinner, Jerry N
Pages
279-298
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Metabolic Rate log VO2 = 0.013 + 0.049T equation for oxygen consumption (logarithm of VO2; ul O2/g-h) as a function of body temperature (15-30C) ul O2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 11 captured at Riverside, CA Exposure Factor Datasets resting Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 655 g Not Reported Adult 11 captured at Riverside, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative ecology of two snake species (Crotalus viridis and Pituophis melanoleucus) in southwestern Idaho

Author(s)
Diller, Lowell V. and Richard L. Wallace
Pages
343-360
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying June - July time of laying Female Adult Not Reported Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 125 d Female Adult Not Reported Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Exposure Factor Datasets

Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)

Citation:

Quantitative genetics of maximal oxygen consumption in a garter snake

Author(s)
Garland, Theodore Jr. and Albert F. Bennett
Pages
R986-R992
Year
Volume
259
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 2.2 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 245 Exposure Factor Datasets mean age, 31.6 d; range 11-58d 0.350 SD Laboratory
Citation:

Feeding habits and diet overlap of three species of garter snakes (Thamnophis) on Vancouver Island

Author(s)
Gregory, Patrick T.
Pages
1967-1974
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition amphibians (41); earthworms (24); birds (1); leeches (1); misc. invertebrates (4); unidentified (13); empty (100) number of stomach examinations yielding various food types # Not Reported Not Reported 179 Vancouver Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)

Citation:

Habits and home range of the Pacific pond turtle, Clemmys marmorata, in a stream community

Author(s)
Bury, Richard Bruce
Pages
205
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 400 average distance moved along stream between relocations m Male Adult 19 Hayfork Creek (elev., 610m) Exposure Factor Datasets Trinity
Home Range 104 average distance moved along stream between relocations m Female Adult 23 Hayfork Creek (elev., 610m) Exposure Factor Datasets Trinity

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Aspects of the ecology of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi, in Joshua Tree National Monument, Pinto Basin, Riverside County, California

Author(s)
Barrow, John
Pages
105-131
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean maximum carapace length range = 60 - 145 mm kg Not Reported Juvenile 9 South West Pinto Basin, Joshua Tree National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Foods of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, in Arizona and Utah

Author(s)
Hansen, Richard M., Mark K. Johnson and Thomas R. Van Devender
Pages
247-251
Year
Issue
3
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Threeawn (Aristida spp., 16 +/- 5%); Globemallow (Sphaeralcea spp., 6 +/- 3%); Slim tridens (Tridens muticus, 50 +/- 8%); Bush muhly (Muhlenbergia porteri, 17 +/- 7%); and Slender janusia (Janusia gracilis, 11 +/- 5%) % of each food item in fecal pellets (mean +/- SD) % Not Reported Not Reported 18 fecal pellets New Water Mountains, Yuma County (elev. 490 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Foxtail brome (Bromus rubens, 64 +/- 4%); Redstem filaree (Erodium cicutarium, 23 +/- 5%); Common winterfat (Eurotia lanata, 6 +/- 4%) and Vetch (Astragalus and Oxytropis, 4 +/- 2%) % of each food item in fecal pellets (mean +/- SD) % Not Reported Not Reported 30 fecal pellets Beaver Dam Wash, Washington County (elev. 1000 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Incubation temperature affects sexual differentiation, incubation time, and posthatching surivival in desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizi)

Author(s)
Lewis-Winokur, Vanessa and Robert M. Winokur
Pages
2091-2097
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Hatching Success 53% (25C); 89% (27C); 83% (28C); 100% (29C); 85% (31C) hatching success rates at various temperatures (25-31C) % Not Reported Embryo 13-46 eggs/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Survival/ Mortality 20% (25C); 33% (27C); 81% (28C); 84% (29C); 73% (31C) % survival from hatching to >277 d post-hatch at various temperatures (25-31C) % Not Reported Embryo 18-46 eggs/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

A comparison of populations of desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi, in grazed and ungrazed areas in Ivanpah Valley, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Philip A. Medica and Craig L. Lyons
Pages
139-162
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 22 ha Both Male and Female Not Reported 55 Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Body Weight - Mean g Both Male and Female Not Reported 24 Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Physiological ecology of desert tortoises in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Nagy, Kenneth A. and Philip A. Medica
Pages
73-92
Year
Issue
1
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Water Ingestion Rate 2.2 annual weight mean for water drinking rate ml/kg/d Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 11 animals Rock Valley, Nye County Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 4.52 annual weighted mean g dry matter/kg/d Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 11 animals Rock Valley, Nye County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction and survival of the desert tortoise (Scaptochelys agassizii) in Ivanpah Valley, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Philip A. Medica and Craig L. Lyons
Pages
811-820
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1984
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 2.29 kg Female Adult 51 animals Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 0.05SE
Body Weight - Mean 3.17 kg Male Adult 24 animals Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 0.12SE
Citation:

Young desert tortoise survival: Energy, water and food requirements in the field

Author(s)
Nagy, Kenneth A., David J. Morafka and Rebecca A. Yates
Pages
396-404
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Metabolic Rate FMR (ml CO2/d) = 2.2 g^1.02 field metabolic rate during active seasons as a function of body mass ml CO2/d Not Reported Juvenile 4-22/sampling Fort Irwin National Training Center, Barstow Exposure Factor Datasets < 2 yr San Bernardino
Body Weight - Mean range of mean body weight measured over 2 years during different seasons g Not Reported Juvenile 4-22/sampling Fort Irwin National Training Center, Barstow Exposure Factor Datasets 1-2 yr San Bernardino
Citation:

Health studies of free-ranging Mojave desert tortoises in Utah and Arizona

Author(s)
Dickinson, Vanessa M., Timothy Duck, Cecil R. Schwalbe and James L. Jarchow
Pages
1-70
Publisher
Arizona Game and Fish Department Research Branch, Technical Report No. 21
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 3.28 median carapace length = 254.3 mm kg Male Adult 55 City Creek and Paradise Canyon, Washington County, UT and Littlefield, Mohave County, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets 0.56 SD

San Joaquin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. biseriatus)

Citation:

Reproduction in mountain and lowland populations of the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
176-182
Year
Issue
1
Volume
1974
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7.23 eggs/clutch Female Adult 43 Puente Hills, Whittier (elev., 150 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles 3.30SD
Clutch or Litter Size 8.70 eggs/clutch Female Adult 41 San Gabriel Mountains, Crystal Lake (elev., 1584 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles 2.0 SD
Citation:

Ovarian cycle of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
284-289
Year
Issue
3
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 13 wks Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Puente Hills and San Gabriel River, Whittier Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Age at Sexual Maturity 1-2 yrs Female Adult Not Reported Puente Hills and San Gabriel River, Whittier Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Northern Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana ssp. stansburiana)

Citation:

The application of the density probability function to determine the home ranges of Uta stansburiana stansburiana and Cnemidophorus tigris tigris

Author(s)
Jorgensen, Clive D. and Wilmer W. Tanner
Pages
105-115
Year
Issue
2
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 27.36 home range estimated by density probability function method (ranged 99.0% of the time in this area size) acres Female Adult 16 United States Atomic Energy Commission Nevada Test Site Exposure Factor Datasets 0.68
Home Range 39.30 home range estimated by density probability function method (ranged 99.0% of the time in this area size) acres Male Adult 24 United States Atomic Energy Commission Nevada Test Site Exposure Factor Datasets 0.98

Alameda Whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis ssp. euryxanthus)

Citation:

Observations on the reproduction, courtship, and aggressive behavior of the striped racer, Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus (Reptilia, Serpentes, Columbridae)

Author(s)
Hammerson, Geoffrey A.
Pages
253-255
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Time of Mating/ Laying May time of mating Both Male and Female Adult 4 outdoor enclosures, Hayward, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/female Female Adult 2 outdoor enclosures, Hayward, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Red-sided Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. parietalis)

Citation:

Sex and seasonal differences in metabolism in the red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis

Author(s)
Crews, David, Mark Grassman, William R. Garstka, Andrew Halpert and Brian Camazine
Pages
2362-2368
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Lab
Body Weight - Mean range of means g Male Adult 5 animals/6 sampling dates Exposure Factor Datasets 1-24 d post-emergence CANADA
Metabolic Rate see citation figure of resting oxygen consumption ml O2/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 5-10 Exposure Factor Datasets post-emergence Laboratory
Citation:

Body mass and reproduction in female red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis)

Author(s)
Whittier, Joan M. and David Crews
Pages
219-226
Year
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Sept. - Mar. Female Adult 218 Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Seasonal changes in the body composition of the garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) at northern latitudes

Author(s)
Aleksiuk, Michael and Kenneth W. Stewart
Pages
484-490
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Nov. - Apr. Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Winnepeg, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
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