Carnivores (Carnivora)
Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | clams (34-61%), mussels (7-20%), crabs (2-11%), other invertebrates (4-5%), unknown prey (12-33%) | relative occurences of prey items in diet, based on observation (range crosses three locations) | Not Reported | Adult | 752-833 foraging dives/site | Prince William Sound | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutches or Litters per year | 0.9 | annual reproductive rate based on number of pups born during monitoring period | pups/year | Female | Adult | 13 animals | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding | |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.58 | pup survival rate to weaning | Not Reported | Juvenile | 19 animals | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | <80 or >120 | estimate time period that pups spent with mothers | d | Not Reported | Juvenile | 24 animals | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Longevity | 11 | oldest animal captured in study | yr | Female | Adult | 1 animal | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | review | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | sea urchins (47.8-70.2%), mussels (0.4-3.1%), sea stars (0.5-0.8%), crabs (1.4-5.2%), clams (0.4-1.8%), octopus (0.0-0.9%), anemone (0.0-0.2%), algal holdfasts (0.0-2.6%), fish (0.0-12.3%), fish eggs (0.0-0.9%), chitons (0.2-0.8%), coralline algae (0.0-0.2%), unknown (14.6-26.7%), unsuccessful (3.4-7.1%) | percentage (ranges) of total dives that resulted in capture of different prey items at three locations | Not Reported | Not Reported | 425-584 dives/location | Amchitka and Attu (Aleutian Islands), and Blanco Reef, OR | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | pismo clams (559), unidentified bivalves (1), rock crabs (1), market crabs (1), unidentified crabs (1), unidentied food items (15) | number of prey retreived, based on observations from shore | Not Reported | Not Reported | 578 observed retrievals | Pismo Beach | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Luis Obispo |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 0.72 | average basal metabolism in air | cc O2/g x hr | Not Reported | Not Reported | 10 | Exposure Factor Datasets | fasted | 0.06 | Laboratory | |
| Metabolic Rate | 0.85 | average basal metabolic rate in water | cc O2/g x hr | Not Reported | Not Reported | 13 | Exposure Factor Datasets | fasted | Laboratory | ||
| Metabolic Rate | 0.99 | average metabolic rate in air | cc O2/g x hr | Not Reported | Not Reported | 10 | Exposure Factor Datasets | fasted | Laboratory | ||
| Metabolic Rate | 1.21 | average metabolic rate in water | cc O2/g x hr | Not Reported | Not Reported | 13 | Exposure Factor Datasets | fasted | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 1.75 | kg | Male | Juvenile | 4 | Amchitka Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | newborn | |||
| Body Weight - Mean | 1.96 | kg | Female | Juvenile | 6 | Amchitka Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | newborn | |||
| Body Weight - Mean | 28.3 | kg | Male | Adult | 79 | Amchitka Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 7.98 SD | |||
| Body Weight - Mean | 21.1 | kg | Female | Adult | 254 | Amchitka Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 6.49 SD | |||
| Food Ingestion Rate | 4.04 | kg/d | Female | Adult | 1 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | ||||
| Dietary Composition | vertebrates (fish; 50%), mollusks (37%), echinoderms (11%), annelid worms (1%), tunicates (<1%), crabs/shrimp (<1%) | mean percent of total stomach content volume contributed by dietary items | Not Reported | Not Reported | 309 stomachs | Amchitka Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||
| Age at Sexual Maturity | 4 | yr | Female | Juvenile | Not Reported | Amchitka Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | estimated gestation including delayed implantation period | mo | Female | Adult | 275 reproductive tracts | Amchitka Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||
| Clutches or Litters per year | annual reproductive rate, based on field count, sex ratio, reproductive tract data | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Amchitka Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 1 | litter size as indicated by reproductive tract examination | pup | Female | Adult | 278 reproductive tracts | Amchitka Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
| Survival/ Mortality | annual mortality over two years estimated from carcass searches on beaches | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 1 population (1076 otters) | Amchitka Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Hatching or Parturition | December to February | peak period of birth | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Point Lobos State Reserve to Lucia | Exposure Factor Datasets | Monterey |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | range of body weights | kg | Female | Adult | 2 otters | near Monterey | Exposure Factor Datasets | Monterey |
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | range of estimated gestation period, based on observations | mo | Female | Adult | 2 otters | near Monterey | Exposure Factor Datasets | Monterey |
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | observed ages at which pups were no longer observed with mothers | mo | Not Reported | Juvenile | 5 pups | near Monterey | Exposure Factor Datasets | Monterey |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | review | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | daily home range, estimated from hourly trangulations during 24-hr watches using the minimum convex polygon method | ha | Male | Adult | 9 animals | Monterey to San Luis Obispo | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | daily home range, estimated from hourly trangulations during 24-hr watches using the minimum convex polygon method | ha | Male | Juvenile | 5 animals | Monterey to San Luis Obispo | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | daily home range, estimated from hourly trangulations during 24-hr watches using the minimum convex polygon method | ha | Female | Adult | 16 animals | Monterey to San Luis Obispo | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | daily home range, estimated from hourly trangulations during 24-hr watches using the minimum convex polygon method | ha | Female | Juvenile | 10 animals | Monterey to San Luis Obispo | Exposure Factor Datasets |
California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | May - Aug. | breeding season; pupping and mating | Female | Adult | Not Reported | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Territory Size | 130 | territory size during breeding | m2 | Male | Adult | 20 territories | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Hatching or Parturition | May-late June | pupping season | Female | Adult | Not Reported | San Miguel Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 1 | pup/litter | Female | Adult | Not Reported | San Miguel Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 9.09 | kg | Male | Pup | 7 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5 d | 0.112 SE | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 7.59 | kg | Female | Pup | 7 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5 d | 0.289 SE | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 10.32 | kg | Male | Pup | 7 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 30 d | 0.715 SE | |
| Growth Rate | 144.1 | daily weight gain during 1st mo of life | g/d | Male | Pup | 7 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5-30 d | 16.13 SE |
| Growth Rate | 120.0 | daily weight gain during 1st mo of life | g/d | Female | Pup | 7 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5-30 d | 8.16 SE |
| Growth Rate | 109.2 | daily weight gain during the 2nd mo of life | g/d | Male | Pup | 5 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-2 mo | 41.62 SE |
| Growth Rate | 75.8 | daily weight gain during the 2nd mo of life | g/d | Female | Pup | 4 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-2 mo | 62.56 SE |
| Food Ingestion Rate | 8.00 | daily milk intake as % of pup body weight | %/d | Male | Pup | 7 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5-30 d | 0.260 SE |
| Food Ingestion Rate | 7.37 | daily milk intake as % of pup body weight | %/d | Female | Pup | 7 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5-30 d | 0.242 SE |
| Food Ingestion Rate | 5.96 | daily milk intake as % of pup body weight | %/d | Male | Pup | 5 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-2 mo | 0.405 SE |
| Food Ingestion Rate | 5.93 | daily milk intake as % of pup body weight | %/d | Female | Pup | 4 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-2 mo | 0.467 SE |
| Body Weight - Mean | 9.12 | kg | Female | Pup | 4 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 30 d | 0.128 SE | |
| Growth Rate | 107.5 | daily weight gain during 1st mo of life | g/d | Male | Pup | 4 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5-30 d | 5.74 SE |
| Growth Rate | 95.0 | daily weight gain during 1st mo of life | g/d | Female | Pup | 4 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5-30 d | 11.75 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | range of mean weights taken over 5 yrs at 2 sites | kg | Male | Pup | 51 - 136/yr | San Miguel and San Clemente Islands | Exposure Factor Datasets | 4 mo | |
| Body Weight - Mean | range of mean weights taken over 5 yrs at 2 sites | kg | Female | Pup | 41 - 151/yr | San Miguel and San Clemente Islands | Exposure Factor Datasets | 4 mo | |
| Dietary Composition | see citation | figure of % occurrence of prey items in scats | % | Female | Adult | 73 - 283 | San Miguel and San Clemente Islands | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 51.6 | mean annual minimum survival rate; data collection started 5-6 weeks after beginning of pupping season | % | Not Reported | Pup | 3 yrs | Los Islotes, Baja California Sur | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO | 7.7 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | kg | Female | Juvenile | 2 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |||
| Metabolic Rate | 2.1 | resting metabolism | kcal/kg/hr | Female | Juvenile | 2 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 321.4 | oxygen uptake at rectal temperature of 16.4C. | ml O2/min | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3-4 yrs | 23.7 SE | Laboratory | |
| Metabolic Rate | 403.7 | oxygen uptake at rectal temperature of 30.9C. | ml O2/min | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3-4 yrs | 36.0 SE | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 4.2 | initial defecation time | hours | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 animals | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-2 years old | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longevity | 28 | captive longevity record | yrs | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 54.2 | km | Female | Adult | 9 | Adams Cove, San Miguel Island [lat., 34^o01'55"N; long., 120^o26'25" W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | post-partum | 32.4 SD | |
| Dietary Composition | northern anchovy (65%); Pacific Whiting (52%); market squid (13%) | % occurrence of most frequent prey in scats | % | Female | Adult | 23 animals | Adams Cove, San Miguel Island [lat., 34^o01'55"N; long., 120^o26'25" W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | post-partum |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | neonate weight | lbs | Not Reported | Neonate | 16 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 66 | mean annual survivorship for animals >30 d | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 38 births/10 yr | captive in British facilities | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | northern anchovy (50.6%); Pacific whiting (29.3%); jack mackerel (27.9%); rockfish (25.9%); Pacific mackerel (11.3%); unid. fishes (6.6%); market squid (21.9%); octopus (6.4%); squid, Onychoteuthis (4.7%); squid, Abraliopsis (2.2%); pelagic red crab (10.8%) | % frequency of occurrence of major (>2%) prey in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1232 scats | San Nicholas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | 723 | daily milk intake | g/d | Male | Pup | 24 | San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-2 mo | 31.0 SE |
| Food Ingestion Rate | 609 | daily milk intake | g/d | Female | Pup | 19 | San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-2 mo | 24.0 SE |
| Body Fat (total or %) | 18.7 | % | Male | Pup | 1 | San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3 mo | ||
| Body Fat (total or %) | 19.3 | % | Female | Pup | 1 | San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3 mo | ||
| Water Ingestion Rate | 651 | total daily water intake derived from sum of milk water intake and metabolic water production | g/d | Male | Pup | 24 | San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2 mo | 27.9 SE |
| Food Ingestion Rate | daily energy intake estimated from milk intake; range of means for 2 yrs | kcal/d | Male | Pup | 5-9/yr | San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1 mo | ||
| Food Ingestion Rate | daily energy intake estimated from milk intake; range of means for 2 yrs | kcal/d | Female | Pup | 1-8/yr | San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1 mo | ||
| Growth Rate | daily weight gain; range of means for 2 yrs | g/d | Male | Pup | 5-9/yr | San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1 mo | ||
| Growth Rate | daily weight gain; range of means for 2 yrs | g/d | Female | Pup | 4-8/yr | San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1 mo | ||
| Water Ingestion Rate | 549 | total daily water intake derived from sum of milk water intake and metabolic water production | g/d | Female | Pup | 19 | San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2 mo | 21.6 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 32.2 | kg | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 6 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.6 SE | Laboratory | ||
| Metabolic Rate | 5.1 | resting metabolic rate | ml O2/min/kg | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 6 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.4 SE | Laboratory | |
| Metabolic Rate | 26.9 | metabolic rate during excercise | ml O2/min/kg | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 6 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.9 SE | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Pacific whiting (48.7%); market squid (46.7%); juvenile rockfish (35.9%); northern anchovy (20.0%); red octopus (9.7%); jack mackerel (4.6%); nail squid (4.6%); squid (4.1%);chub mackerel (3.6%); Pacific pompano (2.5%); California lantern fish (2.5%) | % occurrence of major prey (>1%) in scats | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 224 scats | San Miguel Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 8.4 | mean size neonate ; pre El Nino 1982 | kg | Not Reported | Neonate | 39 neonates | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3 days or less | 0.146 SE |
| Body Weight - Mean | 8.1 | mean weight; El Nino 1983 | kg | Not Reported | Neonate | 31 neonates | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3 days or less | 0.163 SE |
| Body Weight - Mean | 8.2 | mean weight, post el Nino 1984 | kg | Not Reported | Neonate | 16 neonates | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3 days or less | 0.229 SE |
| Body Weight - Mean | 8.6 | mean weight; 2 years post el Nino (1985) | kg | Not Reported | Neonate | 16 neonates | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3 days or less | 0.227 SE |
| Growth Rate | 0.132 | pre-el Nino; 0-2 months | kg/d | Not Reported | Pup | 32 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0-2 months | 0.007 SE |
| Growth Rate | 0.101 | pups 0-2 months old; El Nino 1983; | kg/d | Not Reported | Pup | 30 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0-2 months | 0.007 SE |
| Growth Rate | 0.125 | post el Nino 1984 | kg/d | Not Reported | Pup | 32 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0-2 months | 0.007SE |
| Growth Rate | 0.130 | 2 years post el nino (1985); 0-2 months | kg/d | Not Reported | Pup | 38 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0-2 months | 0.006 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutches or Litters per year | range of fecundity over 4 yrs; peak pup/peak female counts | pups/female/yr | Female | Adult | 4360-6952 pups | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Survival/ Mortality | 10-18 | range of % mortality during the first 2 mo of life; estimated over 3 yrs | % | Female | Pup | 2679 pups | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0-2 mo |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | May - Aug. | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 380 | kg | Male | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | 100 | kg | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | 9 | kg | Not Reported | Neonate | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Time of Mating/ Laying | May - June | breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | range of mean field metabolic rates estimated by oxygen consumption using direct respirometry and doubly labelled water methods; exercise regime used to simulate swimming | ml O2/min/kg | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 6 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 12,000 | g | Both Male and Female | Pup | 39 | captured at San Nicolas Island, CA | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3-5 wks | 231 SE | Laboratory | |
| Metabolic Rate | 0.78 | resting metabolic rate measured over a range of ambient temperatures (16-25C) | ml O2/g/hr | Both Male and Female | Pup | 39 | captured at San Nicolas Island, CA | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3-5 wks | 0.10 | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | northern anchovy (51.3%); jack mackerel (24.6%); pelagic crab (21.2%); Pacific whiting (19.6%); rockfish (19.0%); market squid (16.3%); blacksmith (10.7%); Pacific mackerel (9.5%); octopus (5.1%); squid (2.2%); senorita (1.1%); lanternfish (1.3%) | % of scats in which major (>1%) prey occurred | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1309 scats | San Clemente Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | northern anchovy (24.7%); jack mackerel (11.8%); pelagic red crab (10.2%); Pacific whiting (9.4%); rockfish (9.2%); market squid (7.9%); blacksmith (5.1%); Pacific mackerel (4.6%); octopus (2.5%); squid (1.1%) | % occurrence of major (>1%) prey taxon from a tally of occurrences of all prey taxa in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1309 scats | San Clemente Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | see citation | figure of oxygen consumption during swimming | L O2/min | Male | Adult | 1 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 6 yr | Laboratory |
