Carnivores (Carnivora)
Coyote (Canis latrans)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | poultry (34%); persimmons (23%); insects (11%); rodents (9%); songbirds (8%); cattle (7%); rabbits (7%); deer (5%); woodchucks (4%); goats (4%); watermelons (4%) | % occurrence of 11 most common items in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 168 | Ozarks, Ouachitas, Coastal Plain and Delta | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 1 | greatest density | #/1.4 mi2 | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mammals (64%); birds (1%); insects (10%); fruits (20%); misc. (5%) | annual diet determined by averaging monthly food type percent occurrence, obtained from scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 570-3610 scats/sample | Welder Wildlife Refuge, Corpus Christi | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 15.7 | overall annual home range estimated using the minimum convex polygon method | km2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | 9 | Saguaro National Park, Pima County (elev., 800-1300m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | 4.2 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | lbs | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 47 | Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee (elev., 5000-6300 ft) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mesquite pods (29%); prickly pear fruit (16%); other plants(24%); rodent (28%); lagomorph (22%); mule deer (3%); other mammals (3%); dog food or human-related (35%); misc. (14%) | annual % occurrence of prey items identified in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 667 scats | suburban area near Saguaro National Monument | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | mesquite pods (39%); prickly pear fruit (21%); other plants(35%); rodent (27%); lagomorph (20%); mule deer (9%); other mammals (4%); dog food or human-related (trace); misc. (16%) | annual % occurrence of prey items identified in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 449 scats | rural area near Saguaro National Monument | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | pronghorn antelope (55%); mule deer (5%), other native ungulate (3%); sciurids (21%); microtines (13%); cricetines (3%); unidentified cricetines (7%); western jumping mouse (1%); plant material (42%); coyote (22%); arthropods (18%) | % frequency in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 404 scats | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.70 | overall annual survival rate (autumn-autumn), estimated over 4 yr periods | Both Male and Female | Adult | 88 | Webb County | Exposure Factor Datasets | > 1.5 yr | 0.58 - 0.82 (95% CL) |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.42 | overall annual survival rate (autumn-autumn), estimated over 3 yr periods | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 38 | Webb County | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.5 - 1.5 yr | 0.24 - 0.60 (95% CL) |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Fat (total or %) | 9.5 | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 36 | Quebec | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 1.3 |
| Body Fat (total or %) | 16.8 | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Quebec | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 1.8 |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 11.4 | kg | Male | Juvenile | 10 | Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1yr | Kern | 0.2 SE |
| Body Weight - Mean | 12.7 | kg | Male | Adult | 16 | Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | >2 yr | Kern | 0.3 SE |
| Body Weight - Mean | 9.9 | kg | Female | Pup | 13 | Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | <1yr | Kern | 0.4 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | voles (88.8%); deer mice (2.8%); other rodents (10.0%); deer (6.2%); other ungulates (11.0%); other mammals (0.8%); birds and eggs (7.6%); seeds and fruit (0.4%); insects (0.8%); unknown (4.8%) | % frequency of occurrence of items in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 250 | National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | voles (74.9%); deer mice (0.5%); other rodents (11.8%); deer (18.3%); pronghorn (10.9%); other ungulates (10.0%); lagomorphs (2.4%); other mammals (0.4%); birds and eggs (12.4%); reptiles and amphibians (4.3%); seeds and fruit (0.5%); insects (7.1%); unknown (1.9%) | % frequency of occurrence in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 211 | National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | voles (40.8%); deer mice (2.4%); other rodents (14.1%); deer (24.4%); pronghorn (1.8%); other ungulates (7.3%); lagomorphs (2.4%); other mammals (7.4%); birds and eggs (19.5%); reptiles and amphibians (6.1%); seeds and fruit (30.5%); insects (30.5%); unknown (1.8%) | % frequency of occurrence in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 164 | National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Sylvilagus spp. (39.7); Microtus montanus (15.9); Perognathus spp. (8.0); Spermophilus townsendii (6.5); Peromyscus maniculatus (5.7); Dipodomys ordii (6.6); Antilocapra americana (5.1); Eutamias minimus (3.6); Lepus californicus (3.4); Thomomys talpoides (3.0); reptiles (1.6); Centrocercus urophasianus (1.5); small birds (2.4) | relative dry weight ingested, estimated from scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 979 scats | Idaho National Engineering Lab | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | white-tailed deer (56.1%); mouse/vole (14.8%): cottontail rabbit (9.4%); woodchuck (10.6%); squirrel (5.2%); raccoon (5.2%); porcupine (2.9%); unidentified mammal hair (18.4%); feathers (10.3%); insects (18.1%); grass/sedge (35.5%); leaf fragments (15.2%); twigs/bark (6.4%); seeds/fruit (15.8%); other plants (2.9%); manmade materials (2.3%) | % frequence of occurrence of major (>2%) food items in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 310 scats | northcentral, southcentral and northeast regions | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 5.4 | estimated by placental scars, number of foeti and 2 litters | young/litter | Female | Adult | 20 | Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 1.8 SD |
| Time of Hatching or Parturition | Apr. - May | Female | Adult | 10 litters | Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | leporids (66.5%); rodents (21.5%); livestock (17.8%); coyote (2.1%); birds (17.8%); reptiles (5.4%); insects (18.6%); fruit (4.5%); other (2.1%); refuse (5.8%) | % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents estimated over 6 yrs | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 242 | Naval Petroleum Reserves, Bakersfield (elev., 88-473m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mule deer (35.2%); cattle (11.5%); sheep (3.7%); coyote (2.9%); Microtus sp. (47.7%); Thomomys sp. (6.8%); Lepus americanus (4.4%); Marmota flaviventris (3.9%); Citellus lateralis (3.9%); Erethizon dorsatum (3.7%); song birds (3.7%); other insects (4.7%); pine and fir needles (19%); grass (17.6%); other vegetable matter (8.7%) | % of scats containing food item | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 384 scats | Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | mule deer (8.7%); cattle (4.4%); sheep (17.4%); coyote (8.7%); Microtus sp. (56.5%); Eutamias (13%); Thomomys sp. (8.7%); Marmota flaviventris (4.4%); Citellus beldingi (4.4%); Erethizon dorsatum (8.7%); song birds (21.7%); grasshoppers (13.0%); other insects (34.8%); pine and fir needles (30.4%); grass (56.5%); other vegetable matter (13.2%) | % of scats containing food item | % | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 23 scats | Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | rodents (36%); ungulates (26%); lagomorphs (23%); insectivores (2%); other mammals (1%); unidentified mammals (13%); birds (8%); reptiles (2%); insects (3%); fruit (38%); grass (13%); human refuse (1%) | annual % frequency of occurrence in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 844 | Willamette National Forest, Lane County (elev., 500-1500 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | range of minimum and maximum densities over 3 yrs | #/100 km2 | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Rochester, Alberta | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
| Age at Sexual Maturity | 1 | yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Rochester, Alberta | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | Oct. | dispersal | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | Not Reported | Rochester, Alberta | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.87 | mean annual survival rate | Both Male and Female | Adult | 52 | Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | > 2yrs |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | snowshoe hare (31.7%); white-tailed deer (24.5%); plants (20.4%); small mammals (14.3%); non-edibles (13.2%); large birds (6.0%); porcupine (4.9%); Canis spp. (2.6%); carrion (1.9%); small birds (1.9%); apple (1.9%); human garbage (1.5%); moose (1.5%); feces (1.1); sheep (1.1%); cattle (0.8%) | % frequency of occurrence of items identified from stomach contents | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 265 | New Brunswick and Nova Scotia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Scapanus latimanus (3%); Spermophilus beechyi (24%); Thomomys bottae (64%); Reithrodontomys megalotis (4%); Peromyscus sp. (19%); Neotoma spp. (4%); Microtus californicus (32%); Odocoileus hemionus (41%); birds (6%); reptiles (12%); arthropods (47%); vegetation (33%) | % occurrence of major food items (>1%) in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 223 scats | East Mesa, Cuyamaca Rancho State Park (elev., 1525 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Diego |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 29.3 | estimated by modified minimum area method | km2 | Female | Adult | 4 | Idaho National Engineering Laboratory | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2.4 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Jan. - Apr. | breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (57%); Microtus californicus (19%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (29%); Lepus californicus (29%); Thomomys bottae (19%); Birds (5%); Insects (10%); Seeds and berries (10%); Herbaceous vegetation (14%) | % of scats containing each prey item | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 21 | Concord Naval Weapons Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Sexual Maturity | d | Male | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surface Area | SA = 6.04W^0.73 | equation relating surface area (SA, cm2) to body weight (W, g), estimated from skin area | cm2 | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | captured in White Pine County, NV | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 4 | young/litter | Female | Adult | 1 | captured at Tahoe City, California | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Meadow mouse (42.37%); Harvest mouse (24.57%); Deer mouse (11.86%); Mearns cottontail (7.6%); Short-tailed shrew (5.92%); House mouse (2.54%); Tree sparrow (1.69%); Grasshopper (0.84%); Unidentified (2.54%) | % frequency in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 97 scats | Ames | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | Meadow mouse (43.7%); Harvest mouse (14.5%); Deer mouse (6.3%); Mearns cottontail (10.4%); Short-tailed shrew (4.2%); Shaw pocket gopher (2.1%); Least weasel (18.8%) | % frequency in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 38 scats | Ames | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | 25 | average distance traveled from den in one night | rods | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Ames | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Hatching or Parturition | April | Both Male and Female | Neonate | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Apr. - Aug. | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longevity | 6 | years | Not Reported | Adult | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | ||||
| Survival/ Mortality | 59.81 | mortality 0-2 months | % | Both Male and Female | Pup | 321 pups | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0-2 months | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | range of mean litter sizes for two years | pups/litter | Female | Adult | 15 litters | Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | ||
| Population Density | animals/km2 | Not Reported | Not Reported | Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | ||||
| Home Range | 2556 | home range, as indexed by greatest distance between captures | m | Male | Adult | 17 | Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 231SE |
| Home Range | 1970 | home range, as indexed by greatest distance between captures | m | Female | Adult | 30 females | Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 170 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | percent grasshoppers in stomach contents (43% of animals examined) | % grasshoppers | Not Reported | Not Reported | 230 animals | Ithaca | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | review | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Population Density | review | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 5.6 | fetuses | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 10 animals | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-1.5 years | 0.38 SE | |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 8.0 | fetuses | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 4 animals | Exposure Factor Datasets | >2 years | 1.0 SE | |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 6.5 | placental scars | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 5 animals | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-1.5 years | 0.65 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | 21 Feb-5 April | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | ||
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | d | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 118 litters/females | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 63 | days | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 1 animal | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 6.2 | lb | Male | Adult | 115 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.2 | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 4.4 | lb | Female | Adult | 82 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.2 |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Fruit 26.7; mammals 19.6; insects 6.8; grasses, leaves, buds 10.8; Carrion 13.5; grains, nuts 11.3; garbage 6.8; earthworms 0.9; birds 1.9; reptiles, amphibians 1.4; crustaceans 0.3; mollusks trace | % by bulk; stomach analysis | % | 1067 animals | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Sexual Maturity | 10 | months | Female | Adult | 1 female | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | abalone (43%), crabs (16%), urchins (13%), other (28%) | The composition is based on occurrence of observed items. | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 15-170 | Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant; Point San Luis to Point Buchon | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | Weight for males | kg | Male | Both Adults and Juveniles | 15 | Monterey, CA | Exposure Factor Datasets | Monterey | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | Weight for females | kg | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 9 | Monterey, CA | Exposure Factor Datasets | Monterey | ||
| Home Range | 35 | Home range for territorial males | ha | Male | Adult | 4 | Monterey | Exposure Factor Datasets | Monterey | 8.75 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | <80 or >120 | estimate time period that pups spent with mothers | d | Not Reported | Juvenile | 24 animals | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Longevity | 11 | oldest animal captured in study | yr | Female | Adult | 1 animal | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | estimated gestation including delayed implantation period | mo | Female | Adult | 275 reproductive tracts | Amchitka Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutches or Litters per year | annual reproductive rate, based on field count, sex ratio, reproductive tract data | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Amchitka Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 1 | litter size as indicated by reproductive tract examination | pup | Female | Adult | 278 reproductive tracts | Amchitka Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 5.6 | km^2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | 9 | Santa Cruz to San Luis Obispo | Exposure Factor Datasets | Residents | 1.9 SD |
| Home Range | 4.6 | km^2 | Male | Adult | 5 | Santa Cruz to San Luis Obispo | Exposure Factor Datasets | Residents | 0.8 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | review | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Hatching or Parturition | May-late June | pupping season | Female | Adult | Not Reported | San Miguel Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 1 | pup/litter | Female | Adult | Not Reported | San Miguel Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 2.1 | resting metabolism | kcal/kg/hr | Female | Juvenile | 2 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | daily energy intake estimated from milk intake; range of means for 2 yrs | kcal/d | Female | Pup | 1-8/yr | San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1 mo | ||
| Water Ingestion Rate | 549 | total daily water intake derived from sum of milk water intake and metabolic water production | g/d | Female | Pup | 19 | San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2 mo | 21.6 SE |
| Growth Rate | daily weight gain; range of means for 2 yrs | g/d | Male | Pup | 5-9/yr | San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1 mo | ||
| Growth Rate | daily weight gain; range of means for 2 yrs | g/d | Female | Pup | 4-8/yr | San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1 mo |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 10-18 | range of % mortality during the first 2 mo of life; estimated over 3 yrs | % | Female | Pup | 2679 pups | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0-2 mo |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 321.4 | oxygen uptake at rectal temperature of 16.4C. | ml O2/min | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3-4 yrs | 23.7 SE | Laboratory | |
| Metabolic Rate | 403.7 | oxygen uptake at rectal temperature of 30.9C. | ml O2/min | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3-4 yrs | 36.0 SE | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 380 | kg | Male | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 100 | kg | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | see citation | figure of oxygen consumption during swimming | L O2/min | Male | Adult | 1 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 6 yr | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 9.09 | kg | Male | Pup | 7 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5 d | 0.112 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | see citation | maps of sea lion densities | #/km2 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | southern California Bight | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Desert Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 2034 | g | Male | Adult | 15 foxes | Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern | 78 SE |
| Body Weight - Mean | 1936 | g | Female | Adult | 13 foxes | Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern | 64 SE |
San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | pups | Female | Adult | 5 litters | Buena Vista Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern | ||
| Time of Hatching or Parturition | February-March | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Buena Vista Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern | ||
| Dietary Composition | Kangaroo rats (80.7%), rabbits (46.2%), squirrels (9.6%), cottontails (5.8%), pocket mouse (1.9%), unident. insects (59.6%), scorpions (17.3%), Jerusalem crickets (13.5%), insect larvae (11.5%), ants (9.6%), grasshoppers (5.8%), beetles (3.8%), spiders (1.9%) | frequency of occurrence in scat analyses | % | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 52 scat groups | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 11.6 | individual home range size | km2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | 21 foxes | Carrizo Plain Natural Area | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Luis Obispo | 0.9 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | deer mice (10.8%), kangaroo rats (8.4%), pocket gophers (2.9%), pocket mice (20.0%), woodrats (0.6%), ground squirrels (6.4%), birds (7.5%), insects (33.5%), leporids (4.7%), reptiles (2.0%), | percentage occurrence of prey types in feces | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 834 feces | Carrizo Plain Natural Area | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Luis Obispo |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Jerusalem crickets (27%), unident. birds (2%), rabbits (3%), California ground squirrel (35%), pocket mice (2%), western harvest mice (17%), Peromyscus sp. (13%) | percent volume of total prey items in scat | % | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 10 scats | Bethany Reservoir | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda |
Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. nevadensis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 1.9 | calculated with Minimum Area Method | km2 | Male | Adult | 4 | Pine Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.1 SD |
| Home Range | 1.4 | calculated with Minimum Area Method | km2 | Female | Adult | 4 | Pine Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.7 SD |
| Home Range | 4.2 | calculated with Minimum Area Method | km2 | Male | Adult | 5 | Pine Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.5 SD |
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