Bats (Chiroptera)
California Leaf-Nosed Bat (Macrotus californicus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | See citation beginning p. 62 | Female reproduction cycle | F | Adult | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||||
Body length | 93.74 | Total length | g | B | Adult | 62 | Old Fort Yuma, Imperial County, CA and Tuscon, Pima County, AZ | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | 0.46 |
Body length | 33.49 | Tail length | mm | B | Adult | 62 | Old Fort Yuma, Imperial County, CA and Tuscon, Pima County, AZ | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | 1.02 |
Body length | 13.31 | Hindfoot length | mm | B | Adult | 61 | Old Fort Yuma, Imperial County, CA and Tuscon, Pima County, AZ | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | 0.68 |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Type | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | Ovulation/fertilization: October, Gestation: November-mid June, Lactation: mid June-August, Anestrus: August, Estrus: September | Time of reproductive cycle | F | Adult | Exposure Factor Datasets | Breeding |
Lesser Long-Nosed Bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 21.04 | g | B | Not Reported | 6 | Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco | Exposure Factor Datasets | Non-reproductive | MEXICO | 1.67 | |
Food Ingestion Rate | 146 mmol sugar/L: 3.48; 1022 mmol/L: 7.85 | Food intake at diff. sugar conc. | g | B | Not Reported | 6 | Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco | Exposure Factor Datasets | Non-reproductive | MEXICO | 146 mmol/L: 0.62; 1022 mmol/L: 1.04 |
Body Weight - Mean | No effect | Change in body mass with increased sugar conc. | g/10 hours | B | Not Reported | 6 | Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco | Exposure Factor Datasets | Non-reproductive | MEXICO | |
Food Ingestion Rate | See citation Figure 2 | Energy intake (sugar solution) | kJ/10 hour | B | Not Reported | 6 | Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco | Exposure Factor Datasets | Non-reproductive | MEXICO |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 0.022 | kg | M | Adult | 1 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Lab |
Silver-Haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | See citation Figure 1 | By temperature; resting vs. torpid | W/g | B | Not Reported | 24 | Long Point Bird Observatory, Long Point, Ontario | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
Body Weight - Mean | 10.6 | g | B | Not Reported | 24 | Long Point Bird Observatory, Long Point, Ontario | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.2 | |
Metabolic Rate | See citation Figure 4 | By ambient temperature; fat required | W/g | Not Reported | 25 | Long Point Bird Observatory, Long | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Mexican Long-Tongued Bat (Choeronycteris mexicana)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | 39 | Age at evidence of flight | day | NR | Not Reported | NR | Arizona and New Mexico | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Pollen grains from pitahaya, cazahaute, agave, garambulla | Stomach contents | NR | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||
Body length | Total length | mm | B | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||
Body Weight - Mean | g | B | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||||
Pregnant weight | g | F | Adult | 3 | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||
Time of Mating/ Laying | Early spring | Time of pregnancy | Exposure Factor Datasets | Breeding | |||||
Time of Mating/ Laying | Time of birth | Exposure Factor Datasets | Breeding | ||||||
Body Weight - Mean | Fetus weight | g | NR | Embryo | 2 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
Body length | 29 | Fetus length, crown to rump | mm | NR | Embryo | 1 | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Time of Hatching or Parturition | 15 | Duration of birth | min | NR | Embryo | 1 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Breeding | |
Dietary Composition | Fruits, pollen, nectar, insects | NR | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body length | 52.4 | mm | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body Weight - Mean | 15.7 | g | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body length | 51.5 | mm | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body Weight - Mean | 16 | g | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body length | 80.8 | mm | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body Weight - Mean | 16.14 | g | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body Weight - Mean | 16.68 | g | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body Weight - Mean | 14.7 | g | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body Weight - Mean | 14.33 | g | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body Weight - Mean | 15 | g | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body Weight - Mean | 15.5 | g | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body Weight - Mean | 12.71 | g | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body length | 51.2 | mm | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body length | 53.3 | mm | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body length | 47.5 | mm | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body length | 50.2 | mm | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body length | 48.4 | mm | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Body length | 47.8 | mm | F | Not Reported | 1 | Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 13.34 | Mean weight | g | NR | Not Reported | 4 | El Jorullo Biological Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO | 1.17 |
Food Ingestion Rate | Increased | Nectar intake with decreased sucrose concentration | NR | Not Reported | 4 | El Jorullo Biological Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Western Mastiff Bat (Eumops perotis californicus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Insects | B | Both Adults and Juveniles | NR | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | |||
Clutch or Litter Size | Number of young/pregnancy | B | Embryo | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||||
Time of Hatching or Parturition | Early July | B | Embryo | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||||
Body length | mm | B | Embryo | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||||
Body length | mm | B | Embryo | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Benito | USA | |||
mm | B | Embryo | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles | USA | ||||
Time of Hatching or Parturition | March-early July | B | Embryo | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Moths (Lepidoptera) | B | Both Adults and Juveniles | NR | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | |
Dietary Composition | Moths, beetles, crickets | B | Both Adults and Juveniles | NR | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Vesper Bat (Myotis yumanensis)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Hatching or Parturition | 1979: June 10, 1989: June 17, 1990: July 17 | First date of lactating bat captured | F | Adult | 66 | Okanagan Valley, British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | 1989: July 17, 1990: August 8 | First date of postlactating bat captured | F | Adult | 115 | Okanagan Valley, British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | 1989: July 9, 1990: August 6 | First date of juvenile bat captured | NR | Juvenile | 71 | Okanagan Valley, British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | g | NR | Both Adults and Juveniles | 2000 | Barn in Solano County | Exposure Factor Datasets | Solano | Nursery roost | USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Acari: 1, Araneae: 10, Coleoptera: 1, Diptera: 31, Ephemeroptera: <1, Hemiptera: 6, Homoptera: 2, Hymenoptera: 1, Isoptera: 12, Lepidoptera: 11, Neuroptera: 2, Orthoptera: 0, Plecoptera: <1, Psocoptera: 0, Trichoptera: 22 | % volume in fecal pellets | % volume | B | Both Adults and Juveniles | 70 | Oregon Coast Range | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Hatching or Parturition | May-August | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||||||
Dietary Composition | Beetles; soft-bodied insects: flies, termites, moths, mayflies; ants; arachnids |
B | Both Adults and Juveniles | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||||
Body Weight - Mean | g | B | Adult | Not reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||||
Metabolic Rate | 1.91 | cm3 O2/hr | B | Adult | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||||
Body Fat (total or %) | Fat index increase | % fat/g lean dry weight | F | Adult | Exposure Factor Datasets | Before departure to maternity roost | USA | |||
Clutch or Litter Size | 1 | Young per year | No. young | B | Neonate | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | See citation Figure 1 | Insect order consumption by date | % volume | B | Adult | 115 | Okanagan Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | g | F | Adult | 12 | Limekiln Creek | Exposure Factor Datasets | Monterey | Nonpregnant (some lactating) | USA | |
Body Weight - Mean | 5.5 | g | M | Adult | 5 | Limekiln Creek | Exposure Factor Datasets | Monterey | Nonpregnant (some lactating) | USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Fat (total or %) | August: 0.30, September 1: 0.67, September 15: 0.88 | Fat index | g fat/g lean dw | F | Adult | August: 5, September 1: 5, September 15: 8 | Montezuma, San Miguel County | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | August: 0.12, September 1: 0.12, September 15: 0.23 |
Body Fat (total or %) | August: 0.27, September 1: 0.19, September 15: 0.32 | Fat index | g fat/g lean dw | F | Juvenile | August: 1, September 1: 5, September 15: 1 | Montezuma, San Miguel County | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | September 1: 0.05 |
Body Fat (total or %) | August: 0.24, September 1: 0.08 | Fat index | g fat/g lean dw | M | Juvenile | August: 3, September 1: 2 | Montezuma, San Miguel County | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | August: 0.08, September 1: 0.01 |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | Annual stage-specific apparent survival rate | F | Juvenile | 903 | Shasta, Trinity, and Siskiyou counties | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Survival/ Mortality | Annual stage-specific apparent survival rate | F | Adult | 903 | Shasta, Trinity, and Siskiyou counties | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 13997 | Occupying bridges | No. individuals | B | Both Adults and Juveniles | 13,997 | Rio Grande Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 0.006 | kg | F | Adult | 13 | Okanagan Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Nonparous/postpartum | CANADA | 0.001 |
Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Acrididae: 16.1, Ceuthophilus californianus: 4.7, Gryllidae: 8.3, Stenopelmatus fuscus: 27.3, Microcentrum rhombifolium: 0.6, Diptera: 0.2, Lepidoptera: 5.8, Carabidae: 8.4, Prionus californicus: 1.0, Chilopoda: 11.8, Solpugidae: 7.8, Lycosidae: 7.8 | Percentage of total volume | % | M | Adult | 116 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Marin | USA | |
Dietary Composition | Tytthotyle maculata: 9.9, Grylliacrididae: 1.0, Gryllus: 4.0, Diptera: 0.3, Lepidoptera: 5.7, Coleoptera: 2.3, Cyclocephla longula: 24.4, Tenebrionidae: 3.6, Edrotes ventricosus: 0.6, Hippomelas: 21.0, Tiphiidae: 1.5, Pentatomidae: 4.3, Geocoris: 0.1, Myrmeleontidae: 4.9, Solpugidae: 14.1 | Percentage of total volume | % | M | Adult | 29 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern | USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Insecta: 81.3, arachnida: 17.2, reptilia: 0.9 | % | B | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not reported | University of Texas at El Paso Indio Mountains Research Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Arachnida: 0.8, insecta: 97.8, other: 1.6 | Perent frequency | B | Both Adults and Juveniles | 93 | Nk'Mip Indian Band Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DDE (4,4'-) | 5.8 ppm; range, 3.6-8.2 ppm (wet wt) | mean and range of concentration in carcass, wet wt | Both Male and Female | Adult | 4 bats | near cities | Toxicity Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
DDD (4,4'-) | 0.1 ppm; range, <0.1-0.3 ppm (wet wt) | mean and range of concentration in carcass, wet wt | Both Male and Female | Adult | 4 bats | near cities | Toxicity Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
DDT (4,4'-) | 1.8 ppm; range, 0.6-3.8 ppm (wet wt) | mean and range of concentration in carcass, wet wt | Both Male and Female | Adult | 4 bats | near cities | Toxicity Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | Review | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 39.2 | g | Female | Adult | 3 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2.6 SE | Laboratory | ||
Body Weight - Mean | 32.6 | g | Male | Adult | 10 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Napa | 0.9 SE | ||
Body Weight - Mean | 21.7 | g | Male | Adult | 135 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Napa | 0.2 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties | Condition | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Torpor or Hibernation | late Mar.-early Apr. | end of winter dormancy period | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern, San Luis Obispo | |||||
Time of Migration or Dispersal | mid-Oct. | time of dispersal of summer roost colonies | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern, San Luis Obispo | |||||
Inhalation Rate | 0-52 | respiration rate in dormant bats at 40 deg F | respirations/min | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | ||||
Body Weight - Mean | 24.3 | g | Female | Adult | 15 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern, San Luis Obispo | ovulating | ||||
Body Weight - Mean | 20.6 | g | Male | Adult | 2 colonies | Exposure Factor Datasets | NR | Kern, San Luis Obispo |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | pups | Female | Adult | 50 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | Review | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Clutch or Litter Size | Review | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Time of Hatching or Parturition | Review | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Dietary Composition | Review | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | 7-10 | age at weaning | wks | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 20 bats | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
Growth Rate | 25 | increase in body weight over time (to adult weight) | g/2-3 mo | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 20 bats | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | range of mean monthly rates of ingestion of mealworm diet, measured over three years | g/mo | Male | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | 0.47 | estimated oxygen consumption of resting animals at 25 C | ml O2/g BW/hr | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Lepidoptera (22.2), Gryllidae or Tettigoniidae (11.1), unident. insects (38.9), unident. Coleoptera (1.7), Cercopidae and Cicadellidae (1.7), Mymeleontidae (8.9), Carabidae (11.1), unident. Orthoptera (4.4) | percent volume of stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 9 | Big Bend National Park | Exposure Factor Datasets |