Birds

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Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Body composition of female mallards in winter in relation to annual cycle events

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
669-680
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Fat (total or %) 111 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 9 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumage - early migrants, unpaired 8 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 145 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 19 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumage, paired 7 SE
Citation:

Home range and habitat use of forest-dwelling mallards in Minnesota

Author(s)
Kirby, Ronald E., John H. Riechmann and Lewis M. Cowardin
Pages
215-219
Year
Issue
2
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 620 ha Male Adult 5 Bemidji, Beltrami Co. Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Homing and reproductive habits of mallards, gadwalls, and blue-winged teal

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Harold F. Duebbert and David E. Sharp
Pages
1-28
Year
Volume
106
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Time of Migration or Dispersal May 5 - May 14 Female Not Reported prairie pothold region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets second year females
Time of Migration or Dispersal April 20 - May 14 Female Adult Not Reported prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets three years and older
Citation:

Age-related aspects of mallard reproduction

Author(s)
Krapu, Gary L. and Harold A. Doty
Pages
35-39
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying April 4 - July (median = May) time of clutch initiation Female Adult 265 nests eastern - south central North Dakota, near Jamestown Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mallard recruitment in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M. and Robert L. Jarvis
Pages
565-570
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 59 Survival rates, not mortality. % Female Adult Not Reported Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, CA Exposure Factor Datasets 3.4 SE
Survival/ Mortality 52 Survival rates, not mortality. % Female Juvenile Not Reported Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 7.8 SE
Citation:

Impacts of changing irrigation practices on waterfowl habitat use in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Barnum, D.A. and N.H. Euliss, Jr.
Pages
10-21
Year
Issue
1
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 0.5 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Female Not Reported Not Reported preirrigated croplands Exposure Factor Datasets wintering birds
Population Density 0.07 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported evaporation ponds Exposure Factor Datasets wintering birds
Citation:

Stomach contents of diving and dabbling ducks during fall migration in the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Canada

Author(s)
Guillemette, Magella, Francois Bolduc and Jean-Luc DesGrandes
Pages
167-175
Year
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition gastropoda (0.001), crustacea (0.007), insecta (0.003), and plant (0.980) mean relative proportions (wet mass) of stomach contents Both Male and Female Not Reported 22 St. Lawrence River Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

The Central, Imperial, and Coachella Valleys of California

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E., Daniel P. Connelly, and Roger L. Pederson
Pages
475-505
Publisher
Texas Tech University Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 15,221 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Suisun Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets Solano
Population Density 4,667 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported San Francisco Delta Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Laying dates, clutch size and egg weight of captive mallards

Author(s)
Batt, Bruce D.J., and Harold H. Prince
Pages
35-41
Year
Volume
81
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 10.4 mean clutch size from first nesting attempt eggs Female Adult 151 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.2 (SE) Laboratory
Time of Nesting April-June date of nest initiation Female Adult 151 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Food availability and preference of juvenile mallards

Author(s)
Chura, Nicholas J.
Pages
121-134
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Dietary Composition flora (99.1%), fauna (0.92%) Both Male and Female Juvenile 94 Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 46-55 d
Dietary Composition flora (99.9%), fauna (0.08%) Both Male and Female Juvenile 94 Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 52-60 d
Citation:

Production of mallards on irrigated land in the Sacramento Valley

Author(s)
Earl, John P.
Pages
23
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Territory Size 70 mean length of drainage ditch (5 ft wide) defended yd Male Adult 8 ducks Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding
Time of Hatching or Parturition May 16-29 peak hatching period Both Male and Female Hatchling Not Reported Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding
Citation:

Fall and spring body weights and condition indices of ducks in Illinois

Author(s)
Hine, Christoper S., Stephen P. Havera, Richard M. Whitton, Jerome R. Serie
Pages
197-213
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 1,163 g Male Juvenile 61 Illinois and Mississippi river valleys Exposure Factor Datasets hunter harvested 12 SE
Body Weight - Mean 1,078 g Female Adult 105 Illinois and Mississippi river valleys Exposure Factor Datasets hunter-harvested 11 SE
Citation:

Use of prairie pothole habitat by breeding mallards

Author(s)
Dwyer, T.J., G.L. Krapu and D.M. Janke
Pages
526-531
Year
Issue
2
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 467.8 ha Female Adult 6 Missouri Couteau, south-central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Waterfowl use of forested wetlands of the southern United States: An overview

Author(s)
Fredrickson, Leigh H. and Mickey E. Heitmeyer
Pages
307-323
Publisher
University of Minnesota Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type
Dietary Composition Review Mingo Basin, Missouri Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mallard mortality rates on key breeding and wintering areas

Author(s)
Blohm, R.J., R.E. Reynolds, J.P. Bladen, J.D. Nichols, J.E. Hines, K.H. Pollock, and R.T. Eberhardt
Pages
264-284
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 0.998 spring-summer survival (proportion) Male Adult 18,650 Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of a kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrius) population in an inland saline lake

Author(s)
Fraga, Rosendo M., and Juan A. Amat
Pages
69-85
Year
Issue
1
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 19.3% Percent of nests in which at least one chick hatched. % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 316 nests Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Hatching Success 27.6% (1991), 16.1% (1992) percent of all eggs that hatched % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles, Embryo 254 (1991), 554 (1992) eggs Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Aspects of the occurrence of shorebirds on a central California estuary

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel and Claire M. Wolfe
Pages
15-32
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 7.6 (fall), 15.4 (winter), 2.2 (spring) mean population density birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported 5 seasons censused Bolinas Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore Exposure Factor Datasets Marin
Population Density 2.2 (fall), 1.8 (winter), 1.3 (spring) mean population density birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported 10 seasons censused Limantour Estero Exposure Factor Datasets Marin

Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)

Citation:

Breeding ecology of interior least terns on the unregulated Yellowstone River, Montana

Author(s)
Bacon, Lynn M., and Jay J. Rotella
Pages
391-401
Year
Issue
3
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting June 16, June 30, July 1 mean nest-initiation dates over 3 years of study Both Male and Female Adult 6-17 nests/study year Yellowstone River Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.1-2.7 range of clutch means over 3 years of study eggs/clutch Female Adult 6-18 clutches/study year Yellowstone River Exposure Factor Datasets

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Peregrines and pesticides in Alaska

Author(s)
Cade, Tom J., Clayton M. White, and John R. Haugh
Pages
170-178
Year
Issue
2
Volume
70
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Clutch or Litter Size 3.09 average number of eggs or downy chicks per pair eggs or downy chicks/nest Both Male and Female Adult 11 pairs Yukon River Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.80 average number of fledged or nearly fledged young per occupied cliff fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Adult 12 pairs Yukon River Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

Distribution and reproductive success of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus anatum) in California during 1975 and 1976

Author(s)
Thelander, Carl G.
Pages
13
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Branch Administrative Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size range for two sites over two yrs eggs/nest Female Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate range over 2 yrs young/pair Both Male and Female Fledgling 7 - 9 pairs Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive success of peregrine falcons and other raptors at Wager Bay and Melville Peninsula Northwest Territories

Author(s)
Calef, George W. and Douglas C. Heard
Pages
662-674
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate range over 2 yrs young/successful nest Both Male and Female Adult 11 - 18 nests Wager Bay, Northwest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

American Peregrine Falcon

Author(s)
Aldrich, John A.
Pages
1-14
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Fledging or Weaning Rate review Both Male and Female Fledgling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Population turnover in Colorado peregrines

Author(s)
Enderson, James H. and Gerald R. Craig
Pages
8
Publisher
Raptor Research Foundation
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 16 average maximum loss rate; estimated by number of individuals returning to nest in 2 successive yrs % Both Male and Female Adult 23 - 34 cases Exposure Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying late May - June entire laying period Female Adult Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Time of Molt May - September Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Citation:

Notes on the American sparrow hawk

Author(s)
Roest, A.I.
Pages
1-19
Year
Issue
1
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean 102.5 g Male Adult 88 throughout USA Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Body Weight - Mean 119.0 g Female Adult 72 throughout USA Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Diet, capture success, and mode of hunting by female American kestrels in winter

Author(s)
Collopy, Michael W. and James R. Koplin
Pages
369-371
Year
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition invertebrates (39.3%), herpetofauna (37.9%), mammals (22.8%) dietary composition (% of total biomass), 1973-1974 Female Not Reported 3 Arcata Bottoms Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt
Citation:

Clutch sizes, hatchability rates, and sex ratios of sparrow hawks in eastern Pennsylvania

Author(s)
Heintzelman, Donald S. and Alexander C. Nagy
Pages
306-311
Year
Issue
3
Volume
80
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 30.9 incubation period d Both Male and Female Embryo 2 clutches (8 eggs) Berks county Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 78 hatching success % Both Male and Female Hatchling 55 eggs (14 clutches) Berks county Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The effect of vegetative cover on foraging strategies, hunting success and nesting distribution of American kestrels in central Missouri

Author(s)
Toland, Brian R.
Pages
14-20
Year
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 48 individuals in 175 km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1 study area agricultural lands, woodlots, meadows Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 50 individuals in 175 km2 Both Male and Female Adult 1 study area agricultural lands, woodlots, meadows Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding
Citation:

Impacts of a nuclear energy facility on raptorial birds

Author(s)
Fitzner, R.E.
Pages
9-33
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 20 number of individual kestrels counted annually on study site individuals/1476 sq km Both Male and Female Adult 4 years Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of macrohabitat and microhabitat on nest-box use and nesting success of American kestrels

Author(s)
Rohrbaugh, Ronald W., Jr., and Richard H. Yahner
Pages
410-423
Year
Issue
3
Volume
109
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 49% mean percent of successful nests per year % Both Male and Female Adult 259 nesting attempts Berks and Lehigh counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Raptor movements in California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H.
Pages
313-323
Publisher
Hawk Migration Association of North America
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal August (begin) period of fall migration of individuals fledged in northern CA, or at high elevations Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported throughout state Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth of body components in parent- and hand-reared captive kestrels

Author(s)
Bird, David M. and Robert G. Clark
Pages
77-84
Year
Issue
3
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Growth Rate 0.250 growth rate of body weight in parent-reared birds Male Nestling 11 birds Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Use of free ranging American kestrels and nest boxes for contaminant risk assessment sampling: a field application

Author(s)
Craft, Randall A. and Karen P. Craft
Pages
207-212
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 4.4 mean clutch size (4 sample years) eggs/clutch Female Adult 7-23 nests/year Lucas and Wayne Counties (40deg57'N, 93deg18'W) Exposure Factor Datasets

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Growth and calculation of age in mourning dove nestlings

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C. and Michael Jaeger
Pages
843-852
Year
Issue
4
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Time of Nesting April 20-September 20 period during which active nests were observed Both Male and Female Adult 121 nests Fremont and Waterloo areas Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 7.04 mean body weight g Both Male and Female Hatchling 28 nestlings Fremont and Waterloo areas Exposure Factor Datasets day of hatch
Citation:

Life history and productivity of a population of western mourning doves in California

Author(s)
Cowan, John B.
Pages
505-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 12-13 age at which young leave nest d Both Male and Female Fledgling Not Reported Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Body Weight - Mean 125 average body weight g Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Citation:

Nesting ecology of mourning doves in fruit orchards in north-central Washington

Author(s)
Knight, Richard L., Dwight G. Smith, David M. Gaudet and Albert W. Erickson
Pages
230-236
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.8 mean number of young fledged per nesting attempt Both Male and Female Fledgling 123 nests Rufus Woods Lake area Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Author(s)
Mirarchi, Ralph E. and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
1-32
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Clutches or Litters per year review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Citation:

Reproductive capability of wild hatching-year mourning doves in Alabama

Author(s)
White, Lisa M., Ralph E. Mirarchi and Michael E. Lisano
Pages
204-211
Year
Issue
1
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 93 age at which birds became capable of breeding d Female Yearling 91 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Energy intake of the mourning dove, Zenaida macroura marginella

Author(s)
Schmid, William D.
Pages
1171-1172
Year
Volume
150
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 71 intake based on analysis of crop contents kcal/day/bird Not Reported Adult 120 birds captured in Grand Forks County, ND Exposure Factor Datasets 66.6-75.4 95% CI Laboratory
Dietary Composition green foxtail (39.8%), yellow foxtail (21.4%), wheat (19.6%), black bindweed (5.1%), maize (4.7%), proso millet (3.0%), flax (2.0%), field mustard (1.6%), lamb's quarters (1.2%) percent occurrence in diet by weight % Not Reported Adult 120 birds captured in Grand Forks County, ND Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Population estimates of breeding birds in North Dakota

Author(s)
Stewart, Robert E., and Harold A. Kantrud
Pages
766-788
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 9.08 (76) mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) pairs/square mile Both Male and Female Adult 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Some aspects of the population ecolgoy of breeding mourning doves in Georgia

Author(s)
Hopkins, Milton N. and Eugene P. Odum
Pages
132-143
Year
Issue
2
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 3.3 mean breeding density Both Male and Female Adult ten 100 ac plots southwest and northeast areas Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A method to determine the weight of food digested daily by birds

Author(s)
Taber, William B., Jr.
Pages
339-341
Year
Issue
3
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 16.1% daily food ingestion as percent of body weight % Not Reported Not Reported 22 birds Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Mourning dove nesting habitat and nest success in central Missouri

Author(s)
Drobney, Ronald D., John H. Schulz, Steven L. Sheriff, and Wesley J. Fuemmeler
Pages
299-305
Year
Issue
222
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 37.3 percent of all nests in which nestlings reached 10 d of age % Both Male and Female Adult 83 nests Davisdale Wildlife Area (39deg01.3'N,92deg37.5'W) Exposure Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Nesting raptors along the Columbia River in north-central Washington

Author(s)
Knight, Richard L., Dwight G. Smith and Albert Erickson
Pages
2-8
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.5 young/occupied nest Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Columbia River Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 172.0 g Male Not Reported 12 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 168.0 g Female Not Reported 10 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparison of selected aspects of burrowing owl ecology at two sites in Santa Clara county, California

Author(s)
Trulio, L.A.
Pages
63-64
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 73 percent of pairs hatching at least one chick % Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs Moffett Air Force Base Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 mean number of chicks per nest chicks/nest Both Male and Female Adult 11 pairs Moffett Air Force Base Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Citation:

Factors influencing burrowing owl (Speotyto cunicularia) nest densities and numbers in western Nebraska

Author(s)
Desmond, Martha J., and Julie A. Savidge
Pages
143-148
Year
Volume
136
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 5.8 mean density in prairie dog towns of <35 ha owls/ha Not Reported Adult 71 nests west. NE Exposure Factor Datasets 3.6 SE
Citation:

Food habits of the burrowing owl in central Oregon

Author(s)
Maser, Chris, E. Wayne Hammer and Stanley H. Anderson
Pages
19-26
Year
Issue
1
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (85), insects (170), birds (3), spiders (0), reptiles (1) number of prey items found in sample pellets Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 60 pellets Crooked River National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Size dimorphism and food habits of North American owls

Author(s)
Earhart, Caroline M., and Ned K. Johnson
Pages
251-264
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 158.6 body weight g Male Adult 13 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Food consumption and energy, water, and nitrogen budgets in captive great-horned owls (Bubo virginianus)

Author(s)
Duke, G.E., J.G. Ciganek and O.A. Evanson
Pages
283-292
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 26.58 daily food intake on a mouse diet, dry weight basis g/kg/d Not Reported Adult 4 owls x 5 days = 20 owl days Exposure Factor Datasets 4.08 Laboratory
Food Ingestion Rate 26.37 daily food intake on a turkey poult diet, dry weight basis g/kg/d Not Reported Adult 26 owl days Exposure Factor Datasets 6.33 SD Laboratory
Citation:

Growth analysis of a female great horned owl in central Ohio

Author(s)
Springer, Mark A.
Pages
218-221
Year
Issue
6
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Growth Rate 0.1900 growth constant based on logistic growth equation Female Nestling 1 owl Delaware County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1 bird/2000 acres Both Male and Female Not Reported 11 owls Superior township Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Predation by owls in the Sierran foothills of California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
137-151
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density density based on call counts birds/2000 ac Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 7 counts San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera
Citation:

Notes on nesting great horned owls in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Mader, William J.
Pages
109-111
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Time of Mating/ Laying February (peak), March (end) egg laying dates Female Adult 16 nests Pima and Pinal Counties Exposure Factor Datasets breeding

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

A study of radio-equipped flickers

Author(s)
Royall, W.C., Jr., and O.E. Bray
Pages
47-50
Year
Issue
2
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Foraging Distance range of distances between night roost location and the following day's locations km Not Reported Adult 4 birds, 20-99 radio fixes per bird Lakewood, Jefferson County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Author(s)
Moore, William S.
Pages
1-28
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Migration or Dispersal review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

A preliminary report on the biology of the willow flycatcher in the central Sierra Nevada

Author(s)
Stafford, Michael D. and Bradley E. Valentine
Pages
66-77
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Nesting May-August inclusive of pairing through departure from nesting territory Both Male and Female Adult 15 birds Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Citation:

Ecology of a Sierra Nevada population of willow flycatchers

Author(s)
Flett, Mary Anne and Susan D. Sanders
Pages
37-42
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 24/31 total number of eggs hatched relative to estimate of total eggs laid eggs hatched/eggs laid Not Reported Nestling 11 nests Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra
Citation:

The energetic consequences of incubation for two passerine species

Author(s)
Walsberg, Glenn E. and James R. King
Pages
644-655
Year
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.241 predicted night time basal metabolic rate W Not Reported Adult Not Reported collection location George E. Hudson Biological Reserve, Whitman County Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)

Citation:

Behavior of the bush-tit in the breeding season

Author(s)
Addicott, Alice B.
Pages
49-63
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean range of individual body weights g Not Reported Hatchling 2 birds Stanford University Campus Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Reproductive success and nesting habitat of loggerhead shrikes in north-central South Carolina

Author(s)
Gawlik, Dale E. and Keith L. Bildstein
Pages
37-48
Year
Issue
1
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 4.7 average number of fledglings produced per successful nest, 2 years fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 32 nests York County Exposure Factor Datasets 1.3 SD
Citation:

Breeding ecology of Lanius ludovicianus nesting in sagebrush

Author(s)
Woods, Christopher P.
Pages
244-250
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr-mid Aug period from clutch initiations to chicks fledging Both Male and Female Adult 98 pairs Ada, Elmoor, Owyhee Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dynamics of a loggerhead shrike population in Minnesota

Author(s)
Brooks, Bonnie L. and Stanley A. Temple
Pages
441-450
Year
Issue
3
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.02 average number of fledglings produced per nesting attempt fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 60 nesting attempts southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets 2.07 SD
Citation:

Nestling diet and prey-delivery rates of loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus) in north-central South Carolina

Author(s)
Gawlik, Dale E., Joseph Papp and Keith L. Bildstein
Pages
1-5
Year
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Orthoptera (59); Lepidoptera (15); Coleoptera (10); arthropod larvae (8); mammals; reptiles and amphibians (4); unident. arthropods (3) percent of total identified prey items delivered to the nest % Not Reported Nestling 1 pair, 155 identified prey York County Exposure Factor Datasets

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Longevity records of North American birds: Remizidae through Parulinae

Author(s)
Klimkiewicz, M. Kathleen, Roger B. Clapp and Anthony G. Futcher
Pages
287-294
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 6 -11 age of oldest identified banded individual yr-mo Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
1-17
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Territory Size review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Variation in breeding season and clutch size in song sparrows of the pacific coast

Author(s)
Richard F. Johnston
Pages
268-273
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying early Feb.-July Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported California to Washington Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of supplemental food on growth and adult size in the song sparrow

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M. and Peter Arcese
Pages
1416-1423
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.98 young raised to independence young/pair Not Reported Chick 34 nests Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.17
Citation:

Effects of population density and supplemental food on reproduction in song sparrows

Author(s)
Arcese, Peter and James N. M. Smith
Pages
119-136
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.31 suppl. food eggs/clutch Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs with suppl. food Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.11 SE
Citation:

Effects of granular formulations of terbufos and fonofos applied to cornfields on mortality and reproductive success of songbirds

Author(s)
Knapton, Richard W., and Pierre Mineau
Pages
138-153
Year
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 29.4% proportion of successful nests containing unhatched eggs % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 32 nests southwestern Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis observed number of days chicks spent in nest d Not Reported Fledgling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Growth and develoment of nestling brown pelicans

Author(s)
Schreiber, Ralph W.
Pages
19-39
Year
Issue
1
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning range of mean fledging ages over four years days Not Reported Fledgling 7-12 birds/year Tarpon Key Exposure Factor Datasets

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Environmental influences on the energetics and behavior of anhingas and double-crested cormorants

Author(s)
Henneman, Willard W., III
Pages
201-216
Year
Issue
2
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 1.33 kg Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 5 cormorants Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Characteristics of a rapidly increasing colony of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in Lake Ontario: Population Size, Reproductive Parameters and Band Recoveries

Author(s)
Weseloh, D.V. Chip and Peter J. Ewins
Pages
443-456
Year
Issue
2
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Clutch or Litter Size range in mean clutches in ground nests (across 4 years) Female Adult 34-127 nests/colony Lake Ontario (43 deg 53'N, 76 deg 24'W) Exposure Factor Datasets spring
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