Aquatic birds

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Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Aspects of the occurrence of shorebirds on a central California estuary

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel and Claire M. Wolfe
Pages
15-32
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 1.9 (fall), 3.4 (winter), 1.1 (spring) mean population density birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported 5 seasons censused Bolinas Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore Exposure Factor Datasets Marin
Population Density 6.2 (fall), 19.2 (winter), 6.6 (spring) mean population density birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported 10 seasons censused Limantour Estero Exposure Factor Datasets Marin
Citation:

Factors affecting interannual movements of snowy plovers

Author(s)
Paton, Peter W.C., and Thomas C. Edwards, Jr.
Pages
534-543
Year
Issue
3
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range (over 4 years) in maximum number of nests active on one day per total area of potential nesting habitat nests/ha Both Male and Female Adult 4 survey years Howard Slough, Great Salt Lake Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range (over 4 years) in maximum number of nests active on one day per total area of potential nesting habitat nests/ha Both Male and Female Adult 4 survey years West Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Spacing out at Mono Lake: Breeding success, nest density, and predation in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Pages
13-24
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality 0.778 minimum annual survival rates of marked individuals Male Adult 18 birds Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Survival/ Mortality 0.743 minimum annual survival rate of marked individuals (2 years and both sexes pooled) Both Male and Female Adult 101 birds Monterey Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Survival/ Mortality 0.643 minimum annual survival rate of marked individuals Not Reported Juvenile 14 birds Point Reyes Exposure Factor Datasets Marin
Citation:

Breeding biology of snowy plovers at Great Salt Lake, Utah

Author(s)
Paton, Peter W.C.
Pages
275
Year
Issue
2
Volume
107
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal late Mar to mid Jun period of migrant arrival to breeding grounds Female Adult 3 yrs data collection Great Salt Lake, Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal late Mar to May 31; Jul 1-15 peaks of migrant arrival to breeding grounds Male Adult 3 yrs data collection Great Salt Lake, Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The breeding status of the snowy plover in California

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
1-40
Year
Issue
1
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal early March to April 26 period during which most color-banded birds left the study area Not Reported Adult 19 birds Pajaro Dunes, Monterey Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California least tern

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W.
Pages
1-24
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying May-Jul period of egg laying, 2 years Female Adult 2 colonies Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Clutch or Litter Size 2 most frequent clutch size, 2 years Female Adult 96 nests Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 22 most frequent incubation period, 2 years d Not Reported Embryo 41 clutches Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Hatching Success range of hatching success, 2 years % Not Reported Hatchling 53-157 eggs/year Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Experiments on the nesting behavior of the least tern, Sterna albifrons browni

Author(s)
Davis, Milton E.
Pages
25-43
Year
Issue
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 12 clutches Huntington Beach State Park Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Demography of a California least tern colony including effects of the 1982-83 El Nino

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W., David W. Bradley and Jonathon L. Atwood
Pages
976-983
Year
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.16 rate at which chicks survived to breed at least once Not Reported Chick 84-285 chicks/year Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Longevity 9.63 expected number of breeding years per adult bird yr Not Reported Adult 372 birds Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles 6.55-14.48 95% CI
Citation:

Least tern foraging ecology at three major California breeding colonies

Author(s)
Atwood, Jonathon L. and Dennis E. Minsky
Pages
57-72
Year
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Foraging Distance foraging distance from nesting sites mi Not Reported Adult 10-11 surveys/site Venice Beach, Huntington Beach, Santa Margarita River Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles, Orange
Time of Migration or Dispersal late Jul timing of post-fledging dispersal Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Santa Margarita River Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Status of the least tern at Camp Pendleton, California

Author(s)
Swickard, Deane K.
Pages
49-58
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal late Aug-Sep timing of departure from breeding areas Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 4 nesting areas, 2 years Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton Exposure Factor Datasets Orange

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

The diving and feeding activity of the western grebe on the breeding grounds

Author(s)
Lawrence, George E.
Pages
3-16
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Food Ingestion Rate 22.4 estimated mass of fish consumed daily, based on stomach contents g Not Reported Adult 1 bird Clear Lake Exposure Factor Datasets Lake
Citation:

Estimation and testing of parametersin Richard's growth model for western grebes

Author(s)
White, Gary C. and John T. Ratti
Pages
315-323
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Growth Rate -0.1321 growth rate coefficient estimate based on Richard's growth model Both Male and Female Juvenile 4 birds Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge (collection site) Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean estimated initial weights g Both Male and Female Juvenile 4 birds Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge (collection site) Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean estimates of asymptotic weights g Both Male and Female Juvenile 4 birds Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge (collection site) Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Growth and develoment of nestling brown pelicans

Author(s)
Schreiber, Ralph W.
Pages
19-39
Year
Issue
1
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Growth Rate see figure daily growth rates of wild nestlings Not Reported Nestling varied Tarpon Key Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate percent of body weight consumed daily during maintenance of adult weight Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 4 birds Tarpon Key Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean body weight of captive adult g Not Reported Adult 1 bird Tarpon Key Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Weight growth of young double-crested cormorants in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec

Author(s)
Desgranges, Jean-Luc
Pages
79-86
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.2 mean clutch size among successful nests eggs Female Adult 32 nests St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.2 SE

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Environmental influences on the energetics and behavior of anhingas and double-crested cormorants

Author(s)
Henneman, Willard W., III
Pages
201-216
Year
Issue
2
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 74 measured at night over temperature range -10 to 45 C cm^3 O2/g BW/hr Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 5 cormorants Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Metabolic Rate minimal metabolic rate measured over a range of incident radiation (0-700 watts/m^2) cm^3 O2/g BW/hr Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 5 cormorants Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Comparison of total mercury levels in relation to diet and molt for nine species of marine birds

Author(s)
Braune, Birgit M.
Pages
217-224
Year
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition herring (25%), sculpin (92%), flounder (8%), anemones (8%), snails (17%), mussels (33%), amphipods (25%), isopods (17%), benthic shrimp (25%), crabs (25%), bryozoans (58%), algae (50%) frequency of occurrence of food items in stomach contents Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 12 stomachs Quoddy Region, New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Growth, body components and energy content of nestling double-crested cormorants

Author(s)
Dunn, Erica H.
Pages
431-438
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Growth Rate 0.208 K; index of rate at which asymptotic weight is being gained Not Reported Nestling 1-52/sample day Duck Island, Isle of Shoals Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1900 asymptotic weight of nestlings g Not Reported Nestling Not Reported Duck Island, Isle of Shoals Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Brood size and chick position as factors influencing feeding frequency, growth, and survival of nestling double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus

Author(s)
Leger, Claire and Raymond McNeil
Pages
351-361
Year
Issue
3
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Growth Rate 0.120 rate of growth from hatch to fledge Not Reported Juvenile 33 chicks Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.017 SD
Body Weight - Mean 34.7 g Not Reported Hatchling 33 chicks Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 2.96 SD
Citation:

Foods of nestling double-crested cormorants in Penobscot Bay, Maine, USA: Temporal and spatial comparisons

Author(s)
Blackwell, Bradley F., William B. Krohn and R. Bradford Allen
Pages
199-208
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition sculpin, rock gunnel, blueback herring, alewife, wrymouth, sand shrimp, cunner, American eel, rock crab, N. Caridean shrimp, sand shrimp, white perch, yellow perch, rainbow smelt, N. lobster, Atlantic tomcod primary dietary items from nestling regurgitant samples Not Reported Nestling 673 samples Penobscot Bay Exposure Factor Datasets

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Body composition of female mallards in winter in relation to annual cycle events

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
669-680
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Fat (total or %) 102 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 14 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumate, unpaired 12 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 168 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 32 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets initiation prebasic molt 8 SE
Body Weight - Mean 1,137 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 12 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumage - early migrants, unpaired 30 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 141 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 24 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets early prebasic moltf 13 SE
Body Weight - Mean 1,083 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 9 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumage, early migrants, unpaired 37 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 110 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 26 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets middle prebasic molt 11 SE
Citation:

Use of prairie pothole habitat by breeding mallards

Author(s)
Dwyer, T.J., G.L. Krapu and D.M. Janke
Pages
526-531
Year
Issue
2
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Home Range 110.9 Breeding home range. ha Female Adult 6 Missouri Coteau of south-central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets Laying females
Citation:

Homing and reproductive habits of mallards, gadwalls, and blue-winged teal

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Harold F. Duebbert and David E. Sharp
Pages
1-28
Year
Volume
106
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Condition Error
Clutch or Litter Size 8.49 eggs Female Adult 57 prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets second year 1.23 SE
Clutch or Litter Size 8.96 eggs Adult 78 prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets after second year 1.38 SE
Population Density 3.62 breeding pairs/km2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Koenig study area Exposure Factor Datasets during breeding season
Population Density 4.72 breeding pairs/km2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Woodworth study area Exposure Factor Datasets during breeding season
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Time of Mating/ Laying April 10 (end) southern part of U.S. breeding range Exposure Factor Datasets laying
Time of Migration or Dispersal late February/early March (begin) to mid April (end) southern part of U.S. breeding range Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 61 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Male Adult not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal mid-October (begin) to December (end) southern part of U.S. breeding range Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 56 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Female Adult not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size eggs Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 47 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Male Juvenile not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Movements and habitat use of mallard broods in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M., Robert L. Jarvis and David S. Gilmer
Pages
88-94
Year
Issue
1
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 1.27 For 1989. Home range defined as area that broods restricted their activities to during rearing period. km2 Not Reported Nestling 13 broods Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 0.47 SE
Home Range 0.62 For 1990. Home range defined as area that broods restricted their activities to during rearing period. km2 Not Reported Nestling 14 broods Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 0.21 SE
Citation:

Impacts of changing irrigation practices on waterfowl habitat use in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Barnum, D.A. and N.H. Euliss, Jr.
Pages
10-21
Year
Issue
1
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 0.5 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported miscellaneous Exposure Factor Datasets wintering birds
Citation:

Mallard mortality rates on key breeding and wintering areas

Author(s)
Blohm, R.J., R.E. Reynolds, J.P. Bladen, J.D. Nichols, J.E. Hines, K.H. Pollock, and R.T. Eberhardt
Pages
264-284
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 0.603 spring-summer survival (proportion) Female Adult 16,562 Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 0.782 fall-winter survival (proportion) Male Adult 18,650 Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 0.961 fall-winter survival (proportion) Female Adult 16,562 Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

The Central, Imperial, and Coachella Valleys of California

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E., Daniel P. Connelly, and Roger L. Pederson
Pages
475-505
Publisher
Texas Tech University Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 389 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Imperial and Coachella Valleys Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival and nest success of sympatric female mallards, Anas platyrynchos, and American black ducks, Anas rubripes, breeding in a forested environment

Author(s)
Dwyer, Chris P. and Guy A. Baldassare
Pages
213-216
Year
Issue
2
Volume
107
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 9.3 eggs Female Adult 18 Adirondack Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets 1.3 (SD)
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Female Adult 18 Adirondack Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 67% proportion of tagged females that hatched clutches Female Adult 18 Adirondack Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 88% survival of tagged females over the breeding period Female Adult 22 Adirondack Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Weights of wild mallard Anas platyrhynchos, gadwall A. strepera, and blue-winged teal A. discors during the breeding season

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Douglas H. Johnson and David E. Sharp
Pages
122-130
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Growth Rate 0.0692 growth rate estimated from logistic growth curve Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0030 (SE)
Citation:

Production of mallards on irrigated land in the Sacramento Valley

Author(s)
Earl, John P.
Pages
23
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 396 breeding density pairs/18000 acres Both Male and Female Adult 396 pairs Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding
Time of Nesting April-June time from earliest clutch laid to last clutch hatched Female Adult Not Reported Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding
Hatching Success 52 proportion of nests that hatched at least one egg % Female Adult 60 nests Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding
Clutch or Litter Size 8.37 mean clutch size eggs Female Adult 40 nests Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding
Citation:

Fall and spring body weights and condition indices of ducks in Illinois

Author(s)
Hine, Christoper S., Stephen P. Havera, Richard M. Whitton, Jerome R. Serie
Pages
197-213
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 966 g Female Juvenile 12 Illinois and Mississippi river valleys Exposure Factor Datasets hunter-harvested 37 SE
Citation:

Habitat use and home range of mallards breeding in Minnesota

Author(s)
Gilmer, David S., I.J. Ball, Lewis M. Cowardin, John H. Riechmann and John R. Tester
Pages
781-789
Year
Issue
4
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Home Range 210 Study area was 67% upland forest, 33% lakes and wetlands. ha Female Adult 12 western edge of Chippewa National Forest, Beltrami Co. Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Home Range 240 Study area was 67% upland forest, 33% lakes and wetlands. ha Male Adult 12 western edge of Chippewa National Forest, Beltrami Co. Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Home Range 135 Study area was 67% upland forest, 33% lakes and wetlands. ha Female Adult 8 western edge of Chippewa National Forest, Beltrami County Exposure Factor Datasets during the pre-nest interval
Citation:

A nesting study of ducks and coots on Tule Lake and Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuges

Author(s)
Miller, A.W. and B.D. Collins
Pages
17-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 85.2% proportion of observed nests with at least one successful hatch Female Adult 209 Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Exposure Factor Datasets Modoc, Siskiyou
Time of Nesting April-September period between first observed nest to last observed hatches Female Adult 209 Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Exposure Factor Datasets Modoc, Siskiyou
Clutch or Litter Size 8.9 mean clutch size of successful nests eggs Female Adult 178 Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Exposure Factor Datasets Modoc, Siskiyou
Citation:

Temporal and geographic estimates of survival and recovery rates for the mallard, 1950 through 1985.

Author(s)
Chu, D.S. and J.B. Hestbeck
Pages
57
Publisher
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 20
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.6279 survival estimates for birds banded 1966-1985 Male Adult 18,289 Northern California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.009 (SE)
Survival/ Mortality 0.5664 survival estimates for birds banded 1972-1981 Male Adult 776 Central California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0263 (SE)
Survival/ Mortality 0.5390 survival estimates for birds banded 1966-1985 Male Juvenile 11,372 Northern California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0228 (SE)
Citation:

Mallard duckling growth and survival in relation to aquatic invertebrates

Author(s)
Cox, Robert R., Jr., Mark A. Hanson, Christianne C. Roy, Ned H. Euliss, Jr., Douglas H. Johnson and Malcolm G. Butler
Pages
124-133
Year
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.84 mean 17-day survival rate Not Reported Juvenile 223 Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown (46deg53'N, 98deg38'W) Exposure Factor Datasets 17 d 0.025 SE
Citation:

Survival of radio-marked mallard ducklings in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M., Robert L. Jarvis and David S. Gilmer
Pages
82-87
Year
Issue
1
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Survival/ Mortality 0.181 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method Not Reported Chick 36 Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 10 days
Survival/ Mortality 0.366 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method Not Reported Chick 41 Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 10 days
Citation:

Spring-summer survival rates of yearling versus adult mallard females

Author(s)
Reynolds, Ronald E., Robert J. Blohm, James D. Nichols and James E. Hines
Pages
691-696
Year
Issue
4
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.574 spring-summer survival (proportion) Female Adult 11,139 Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.053 SE

Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of a kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrius) population in an inland saline lake

Author(s)
Fraga, Rosendo M., and Juan A. Amat
Pages
69-85
Year
Issue
1
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 6.33 mean body weight at hatching g Both Male and Female Hatchling 47 Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN 0.56 SD
Clutch or Litter Size 2.69 (1991), 2.54 (1992) mean numbers of chicks hatched per successful nest chicks/nest Both Male and Female Hatchling 26 (1991), 35 (1992) nests Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Growth Rate 0.105 growth rate g/day per g body mass Both Male and Female Juvenile 42 Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Salt water tolerance and water turnover in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Purdue, James R. and Howard Haines
Pages
248-255
Year
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 71.1 body weight of an individual bird g Not Reported Adult 1 bird Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Population estimates of breeding birds in North Dakota

Author(s)
Stewart, Robert E., and Harold A. Kantrud
Pages
766-788
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 3.26 (24) mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) pairs/square mile Both Male and Female Adult 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Longevity records of North American birds: Gaviidae through Alcidae

Author(s)
Clapp, Roger B., M. Kathleen Klimkiewicz and John H. Kennard
Pages
81-124
Year
Issue
2
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity 10-11 from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data yr-mo Not Reported Adult 86 band recoveries Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)

Citation:

Breeding ecology of interior least terns on the unregulated Yellowstone River, Montana

Author(s)
Bacon, Lynn M., and Jay J. Rotella
Pages
391-401
Year
Issue
3
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.1-1.4 range of mean fledging success over 3 study years fledglings/nest Not Reported Juvenile 6-18 nests/study year Yellowstone River Exposure Factor Datasets

California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)

Citation:

Brown pelicans in central and northern California

Author(s)
Briggs, Kenneth T., Wm. Breck Tyler, David B. Lewis, Paul R. Kelly and Donald A. Croll
Pages
353-373
Year
Issue
4
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Time of Migration or Dispersal early to mid-summer time of northward movement from southern breeding areas Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 years northern and central coast Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.23 mean density at sea off central and northern coast birds/km^2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 years central and northern coast Exposure Factor Datasets 0.23 SE

Light-footed Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. levipes), California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus), Yuma Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. yumanensis)

Citation:

Clapper Rail

Author(s)
Eddleman, William R. and Courtney J. Conway
Pages
167-179
Publisher
The International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition review Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition review Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition review Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Territory Size review Exposure Factor Datasets USA

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

A study of the California clapper rail

Author(s)
Zucca, Joseph J.
Pages
135-153
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation estimated incubation period in field d Not Reported Not Reported 3 nests Dumbarton Bridge Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets San Francisco
Citation:

Status and distribution of the California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus)

Author(s)
Gill, Robert Jr.
Pages
36-49
Year
Issue
1
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of mean densities birds/ha Both Male and Female Adult 5 sites San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Marin, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Sonoma
Population Density range of mean densities birds/ha Both Male and Female Adult 5 sites San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Marin, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Sonoma
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