Amphibians
Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | 0.092 | change in snout-vent length measured between recaptures (>1000d) | mm/d | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Calaveras | USA | 0.0071 |
Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longevity | range of oldest individuals recorded | yrs | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 | Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa | |
| Age at Sexual Maturity | yrs | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa | ||
| Dietary Composition | earthworm (1); sowbugs (14); amphipod (1); centipede (1); millipede (4); spiders (6); springtail (1); thysanuran (1); camel crickets (15); lepidopterous larva (1); dipteran (1); beetles (5); ant (1) | number of each food item in stomachs | # | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 27 | Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
| Body Weight - Mean | 6 | g | Both Male and Female | Adult | 9 | Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa | |
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | mo | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | gastropoda (1.5%); annelida (1.5%); acarina (10.0%); araneida (17.7%); non-insect arthropods (16.9%); collembola (16.2%); hemiptera (8.5%); coleoptera (3.1%); lepidoptera (0.8%); hymenoptera (12.3%); diptera (10.0%); orthoptera (1.5%) | % of total items in stomach contents; Ensatina size class >45 mm | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | <22 | Multonmah County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | acarina (32.5%); araneida (22.6%); non-insect arthropods (22.6%); collembola (16.1%); coleoptera (6.5%) | % of total items in stomach contents; Ensatina size class <45 mm | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | <22 | Multonmah County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | sow bugs (42%); centipedes (42%); spiders (60%); springtails (47%); beetles (36%); caterpillars (5%); ants (13%) | % of stomach containing food item | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 45 | Dixie Canyon | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 0.26 | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 23 | Portland, Multnomah County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 20.7 (10C); 31.2 (15C); 63.3 (20C) | average oxygen consumption measured at various temperatures (10-20C) | ul O2/g/hr | Not Reported | Adult | 4-5/temperature | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |||
| Body Weight - Mean | 20.8 | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 17 | Exposure Factor Datasets | larvae | 8.3 | Laboratory | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | 24.0 | g | Not Reported | Adult | 14 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 9.9 | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Coleoptera adult (0.21); Orthoptera adult (0.13); Diptera adult (0.07); Lepidoptera larvae (0.20); Hymenoptera (0.05); Arachnida (0.15); Acarina (0.05); Diplopoda (0.37); Isopoda (0.05); Gastropoda (0.50); Amphibian (0.75); Reptilia (5.20); Mammalia (5.50); Rocks (0.05); Vegetable matter (0.05) | mean volume of gut contents | cc | Not Reported | Adult | 12 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Del Norte, Humboldt, Marin |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | see citation | monthly % of gut content samples in which organism occurred (n=38 diet items) | Not Reported | Not Reported | 3-34/mo | Maratta Creek, Cowlitz County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Ascaphus truei larvae (14.0%); Gastropoda (2.0%); Nematomorpha (2.0%); Arachnoidea (8.0%); Plecoptera (46.0%); Tricoptera larvae (52.0%); Tricoptera adults (6.0%); Coleoptera larvae (30.0%); Coleoptera adults (28.0%); Ephemeroptera nymphs (28.0%); Emphemeroptera adults (2.0%); Diptera larvae (20.0%); Diptera adults (10.0%); Lepidoptera larvae (4.0%); Orthoptera (2.0%); Misc. (46.0%) | % of stomach contents containing item | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 50 | Palouse River, Latah County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Ascaphus truei larvae (7%); Gastropoda (1%); Nematomorpha (1%); Arachnoidea (4%); Plecoptera nymphs (23%); Tricoptera larvae (26%); Tricoptera adults (3%); Coleoptera larvae (15%); Coleoptera adults (14%); Ephemeroptera nymphs (14%); Diptera larvae (10%) Diptera adults (5%); Lepidoptera (2%); Orthoptera (1%); Misc. (23%) | % of stomachs containing the item | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 50 | Palouse River, Latah County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Ambystoma gracile (39.2%); Trichoptera larvae (19.6%); Trichoptera adults (1.9%); Coleoptera larvae (37.2%); Coleoptera adults (21.6%); Odonata larvae (70.5%); Odonata adults (1.9%); Ephemeroptera nymphs (1.9%); Gammarid amphipoda (3.9%); Hemiptera adults (5.9%); Arachnoidea (3.9%); Chironomidae (19.6%); Oniscoid isopoda (1.9%); Misc. (25.5%); Empty (3.9%) | % frequency of ocurrence in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 51 | Fern Lake, Arcata | Exposure Factor Datasets | Humboldt |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 2.28 | #/m2 | Not Reported | Not Reported | 23 stream reaches | streams in uncut forests, Lane, Douglas and Coos counties | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.36 SE |
California Newt (Taricha torosa)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | time from egg to hatching | wks | Not Reported | Embryo | Not Reported | Santa Monica Mountains | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles | ||
| Population Density | 2.6 | #/10 m2 | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Santa Monica Mountains | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles | ||
| Population Density | range of larval densities in pools with or without adults during June-July | #/m2 | Not Reported | Juvenile | Not Reported | Santa Monica Mountains | Exposure Factor Datasets | larvae | Los Angeles |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | range of means from 5 sampling dates | g | Male | Adult | 4-7/sampling date | Palo Alto | Exposure Factor Datasets | unmatured gonads |
| Body Weight - Mean | range of means for 8 sampling dates | g | Male | Adult | 1-10/sampling date | Palo Alto | Exposure Factor Datasets | sperm evacuated testes |
| Body Weight - Mean | range of means from 5 sampling dates | g | Female | Adult | 2-10/sampling date | Palo Alto | Exposure Factor Datasets | mature gonads |
| Body Weight - Mean | range of means for 5 sampling dates | g | Female | Adult | 2-6/sampling date | Palo Alto | Exposure Factor Datasets | unmatured gonads |
| Body Weight - Mean | range of means for 8 sampling dates | g | Female | Adult | 1-6/sampling date | Palo Alto | Exposure Factor Datasets | post-spawning |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 9.7 | g | Male | Adult | Not Reported | Trabuco, Holy Jim and Harding Canyons | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | ||||
| Metabolic Rate | 0.025 | aerial respiration (oxygen consumption) at 15C | cm3 O2/g/hr | Male | Adult | 12 | Exposure Factor Datasets | terrestrial newts | 0.008 (2SE) | Laboratory |
Boreal Toad (Anaxyrus boreas ssp. boreas formerly Bufo boreas ssp. boreas)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 40.2 | g | Both Male and Female | Adult | 50 | East River Valley, Gothic, Gunnison county (elev., 3000 - 3355m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5.62 SE | ||
| Metabolic Rate | log SMR = -2.23 + 0.037(T) | equation relating standard metabolic rate (SMR; cm3 O2/g/hr), measured as oxygen consumption, to body temperature (T, 10-30C) on animals captured no more than a week before testing | cm3 O2/g/hr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 30 | captured at East River Valley, Gothic, Gunnison county (elev., 3000 - 3355m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| Metabolic Rate | log AMR = -1.13 +0.067(T) - 0.0008(T)^2 | polynomial equation relating active metabolic rate (AMR; cm3 O2/g/hr), measured as oxygen consumption, to body temperature (T, 10-30C) in animals captured no more than a week before testing | cm3 O2/g/hr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 49 | captured at East River Valley, Gothic, Gunnison county (elev., 3000 - 3355m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Nematoda (3.0%); Gastropoda (3-21.2%); Arachnida (3.0-42.5%); Orthoptera (3.0%); Coleoptera (3.0-51.5%); Hemiptera (3.0%); Neuroptera (3.0%); Lepidoptera (12.1%); Diptera (3.0 -24.2%); Hymenoptera (3.0-88.1%) | % of stomachs containing prey items | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 33 | Left-hand reservoir, Boulder county (elev., 10,638ft) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Torpor or Hibernation | Sept. - May | time of hibernation | Not Reported | Adult | 30 | Boulder county (elev., 2,975m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Eastern Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. columbianum)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Apr.-May | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Bear Wallow, Baker County (elev., 1140m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 105.3 | eggs/cluster averaged 14.8 | eggs/female | Female | Adult | 16 | Bear Wallow, Baker County (elev., 1140m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | 31.03 SD |
| Growth Rate | increase in snout-vent length | mm/d | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | Not Reported | Bear Wallow, Baker County (elev., 1140m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Time of Mating/ Laying | June - July | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Wallowa County (elev., 2470m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 90.1 | eggs/female | Female | Adult | 7 | Wallowa County (elev., 2470m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | 48.87 SD |
Southern Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. sigillatum)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Sexual Maturity | 2 | yrs | Not Reported | Adult | 170 | Bow Valley (elev., 1290-1375m), [lat.,51^o05'N; long., 115^o4'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
| Longevity | 10 | maximum lifespan | yr | Not Reported | Adult | 170 | Bow Valley (elev., 1290-1375m), [lat.,51^o05'N; long., 115^o4'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora) formerly Rana aurora ssp. aurora
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 68.6 | annual minimal survival | % | Not Reported | Adult | 67 | White Rock, British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Survival/ Mortality | 18.0 | annual minimal survival | % | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 256 | White Rock, British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | see citation | figure of mean mass of larvae with and without bullfrog presence | Not Reported | Hatchling | 100-150 | field enclosures at E.E. Wilson Wildlife Refuge, Benton County | Exposure Factor Datasets | Gosner stage 25 larvae |
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | see citation | figure of mean time to metamorphosis with and without bullfrog presence | Not Reported | Hatchling | 100-150 | field enclosures at E.E. Wilson Wildlife Refuge, Benton County | Exposure Factor Datasets | Gosner stage 25 larvae |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Feb. - Apr. | time of breeding and laying | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | White Rock, British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Feb. - Apr. | time of first observance of egg masses | Female | Adult | observations over 3 yrs | Marion Lake, southern British Columbia (elev., 300m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Time of Hatching or Parturition | May | Not Reported | Embryo | observations over 3 yrs | Marion Lake, southern British Columbia (elev., 300m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Jan. - Feb. | time of egg laying | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutch or Litter Size | #/egg mass | Female | Adult | 6 egg masses | Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | see citation | % frequency of 26 food items in stomach contents (family level) | Not Reported | Adult | 24 | Cranberry Lake Biological Station, Barber Point, Cranberry Lake | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Gastropoda (0.7%), Arachnida (0.2%), Crustacea (12.8%), Insecta (81.5%), Chilopoda (0.2%), Osteichthyes, Cyprinidae (8.7%), Ictaluridae (10.1%), Centrarchidae (2.9%), Amphibia (0.7%), Mammalia (0.5%) | Percent stomachs containing item | Not Reported | Not Reported | 415 | ponds, Comanche and Kiowa counties | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | Range of means | g | Not Reported | Tadpole | 41 - 194 | ponds, University of Kentucky, Lexington [lat.,38^o06'23"N; long., 84^o30'08"W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Taylor-Kollros stages II - IX | |
| Body Weight - Mean | Range of means | g | Not Reported | Tadpole | 23 - 235 | ponds, University of Kentucky, Lexington [lat.,38^o06'23"N; long., 84^o30'08"W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Taylor-Kollros stages XVIII - XXI | |
| Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | June (begin), July - Aug. (peak), Oct. (end) | Tadpole transformation determined by presence of Taylor-Kollros stages XIX - XXIV | Not Reported | Tadpole | 3500 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | Time to transformation after hatching from eggs | mo | Not Reported | Tadpole | 3500 | ponds, University of Kentucky, Lexington [lat.,38^o06'23"N; long., 84^o30'08"W] | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | -0.0043 | mm/d | Male | 4 | Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5 yr | CANADA | 0.33534 SE |
| Growth Rate | 0.0466 | mm/d | Female | 4 | Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 6 yr | CANADA | 0.02093 SE |
| Growth Rate | 0.0038 | mm/d | Male | 4 | Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 6 yr | CANADA | 0.01654 SE |
| Growth Rate | 0.0304 | mm/d | Female | 4 | Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 7 yr | CANADA | 0.02256 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 0.02 | at metamorphosis | lbs | Not Reported | 48 | Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County | Exposure Factor Datasets | at metamorphosis |
| Body Weight - Mean | lbs | Not Reported | 5-13 | Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County | Exposure Factor Datasets | during 1st yr | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | 0.46 | lbs | Not Reported | 5 | Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County | Exposure Factor Datasets | end of 2nd yr | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 0.52 | lbs | Not Reported | 5 | Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County | Exposure Factor Datasets | end of 3rd yr |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | 4.6 | average weight of stomach contents for frogs with an average body weight of 248.7 g | g | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 18 | ponds, Hanover County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 10.7 | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25 | Exposure Factor Datasets | newly transformed | Laboratory | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 17.5 | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1 mo post-transformation | Laboratory | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 29.8 | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2 mo post-transformation | Laboratory | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 42.4 | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3 mo post-transformation | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | see citation | figures of oxygen consumption of submerged tadpoles measured at various oxygen tensions and pre-metamorphic stages | ul/g/hr | Not Reported | Tadpole | 10/group | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Territory Size | 17.8 | Average distance between male frog and closest male neighbor within a chorus; also reported as a minimum territory radius of 9 ft. | ft | Male | Adult | 94 | Pond in E.S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5.9 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Coleoptera (2.3-6.5%), Wasps and bees (1.1-4.7%), Ants (0-3.5%), Homoptera (2.3-6.0%), Odonata (12.4-17.5%), Larval Lepidoptera (0.5-2.1%), Diptera (3.7-10.5%), Arachnids (0-3.2%), Miscellaneous terrestrial(10.5-11.1%), Hemiptera (19.2-23.2), Larval Odonata (3.4-5.0%), Larval Diptera (4.4-7.2%), Miscellaneous aquatic (1.9-7.4%), Frogs (5.1-14.5%), Metamorphosing Odonates (0-5.7%), Miscellaneous (1.8-7.3) | Percentage of bullfrog diet items | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 23-46 | Turkey Marsh, Kellogg Biological Station, Kalamazoo County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | range of mean body weights | g | Not Reported | Adult | 8 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Decapoda: Astacidae (47.7%); Lepidoptera (19.0%); Coleoptera: Lampryidae (5.8%); Chrysomelidae (5.8%); Carabidae (4.1%); Curculionidae (0.3%); Chilopoda (7.7%); sand, gravel (1.2%); unidentified (1%) | % volume of stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 18 | Breathitt and Perry counties | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutches or Litters per year | Double clutching observed in 5 out of 73 females | clutches/yr | Female | Adult | 73 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surface Area | 15.09 | Mean total skin surface area measured by removing skin; air-breathing tadpole body weight 4.48 g +/- 0.31 SE | cm2 | Not Reported | Tadpole | 20 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.85 SE | Laboratory | |
| Metabolic Rate | 5.9 | Mean total oxygen uptake at 20C (summed from skin and gill uptake), aquatic tadpole (stage IV-V) body weight = 3.6 g +/- 1.03 SE | umol O2/g/hr | Not Reported | Tadpole | 6 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.3 SE | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | time to complete from egg through metamorphosis | mo | Not Reported | Not Reported | 300 | San Joaquin Experimental Range, O'Neals | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Body Weight - Mean | g | Not Reported | Not Reported | 300 | San Joaquin Experimental Range, O'Neals | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | frogs (12.1%); goldfish (30.3%); gastropods (12.4%); crayfish (9.3%); arachnida (4.4%); coleoptera adult (10.6%); hemiptera (8.2%); orthoptera (8.7%) | % of stomachs containing major (>4%) food items | % | Not Reported | Adult | 772 | goldfish pond, Richland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | frogs (13.0%); shiners (27.5%); gastropods (16.1%); crayfish (16.3%); arachnida (4.5%); coleoptera adult (10.5%); hemiptera (13.5%); orthoptera (5.8%); lepidoptera larvae (4.5%); odonata adult (4.2%) | % of stomachs containing major (>4%) food items | % | Not Reported | Adult | 553 | bait minnow pond, Richland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas formerly Bufo boreas)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | Log VO2 = 0.75(Log BW) - 2.43 | regression equation relating resting oxygen consumption (VO2; cm3 O2/min) to log body weight (BW; g) at 25-27C | cm3 O2/min | Not Reported | Not Reported | 13 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| Metabolic Rate | Log VO2 = 0.82(Log BW) - 1.40 | regression equation relating active oxygen consumption (VO2; cm3 O2/min) to log body weight (BW; g) at 25-27C | cm3 O2/min | Not Reported | Not Reported | 76 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 22.5 | g | Not Reported | Not Reported | 76 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 25.54 | Cutaneous oxygen uptake at 15C | ul O2/g/hr | Not Reported | 10 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| Metabolic Rate | 71.2 | Pulmonary oxygen uptake at 25C | ul O2/g/hr | Not Reported | 8 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| Metabolic Rate | 32.54 | Cutaneous oxygen uptake at 25C | ul O2/g/hr | Not Reported | 8 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| Metabolic Rate | 29.41 | Pulmonary oxygen uptake at 5C | ul O2/g/hr | Not Reported | 10 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Coleoptera (23.3%); Diptera (0.4%); Hymenoptera (75.3%); Lepidoptera (0.6%); Orthoptera (0.4%); Arachnoida (3.0%) and Diplopoda (0.6%) | % frequency of occurrence of prey items in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 7 | Northern Flathead Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Collembola (1.4%); Lepidoptera larvae (4.1%); Hymenoptera (4.1%); Diptera adult (8.1%); Diptera larvae (1.4%); Coleoptera adults (14.9%); Coleoptera larvae (4.1%); Plecoptera (2.7%); Hemiptera (6.8%); Aranea (6.8%); Acarina (1.4%) | % frogs in which each item occurred in stomach contents | % | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 74 | Eureka | Exposure Factor Datasets | Humboldt |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 2.27 | g | Both Male and Female | Adult | 90 | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | May - Aug. | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | South Fork Eel River, Branscomb [lat., 39^o44' N; long., 123^o39'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Body Weight - Mean | range of average weight at metamorphosis, tadpoles fed green algae in field enclosures | mg | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 16-24/group | South Fork Eel River, Branscomb [lat., 39^o44' N; long., 123^o39'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Body Weight - Mean | range of average weight at metamorphosis, tadpoles fed seston, detritus or blue green algae in field enclosures | mg | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 7-12/group | South Fork Eel River, Branscomb [lat., 39^o44' N; long., 123^o39'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | spring - summer | breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Mendocino | ||
| Population Density | 16.25 | #/m2 | Both Male and Female | Tadpole | 27 quadrats | Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Mendocino | 7 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Feb. - June | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Santa Monica Mountains | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles |
Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | May - July | time of laying | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Crater Lake, Munson Oxbow Pond, Aant Point Pond, Whitehorse Bluff ponds and Lake West | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhalation Rate | see citation | tidal volume and breathing rate data | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
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