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California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

California sea lion distribution: A statistical analysis of aerial transect data

Author(s)
Bonnell, Michael L. and R. Glenn Ford
Pages
13-20
Year
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density see citation maps of sea lion densities #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported southern California Bight Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Validation of heart rate and doubly labelled water as measures of metabolic rate during swimming in California sea lions

Author(s)
Boyd, I. L., A. J. Woakes, P.J. Butler, R.W. Davis and T.M. Williams
Pages
151-160
Year
Issue
2
Volume
9
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Metabolic Rate range of mean field metabolic rates estimated by oxygen consumption using direct respirometry and doubly labelled water methods; exercise regime used to simulate swimming ml O2/min/kg Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory

California Newt (Taricha torosa)

Citation:

Taricha tarosa (Rathke), California newt

Author(s)
Nussbaum, Ronald A. and Edmund D. Brodie, Jr.
Pages
1-4
Year
Volume
273
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The reproductive cycle in Taricha torosa (Triturus torosus)

Author(s)
Miller, Malcom R. and Marilyn E. Robbins
Pages
415-445
Year
Volume
125
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Dec. - Feb. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Palo Alto Exposure Factor Datasets

Alameda Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. pusillula)

Citation:

Salt marsh song sparrow study

Author(s)
Jurek, R. M.
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 20.5-41.0 (salt marsh), 9.9-20.5 (alterned salt marsh), 5.9-11 (fringe vegetation) breeding population densities pairs/ha Both Male and Female Adult 27 sample areas Suisun Bay; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding

San Joaquin Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni)

Citation:

Ammospermophilus nelsoni

Author(s)
Best, Troy L., Amy S. Titus, Cynthia L. Lewis and Katharine Caesar
Pages
1-7
Year
Volume
367
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying review Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population density, census methods, habitat relationships, and home range of the San Joaquin Antelope squirrel, 1988-1989

Author(s)
Harris, John H. and Danielle M. Stearns
Pages
37
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Nongame Bird and Mammal Section
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 10.81 minimum convex polygon estimate, corrected for sample size bias, based on radiotelemetry and mark-release trapping ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 Elkhorn Plain Ecological Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo 12.53 SD

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Some observations on the behavioral and morphological development of coyote pups

Author(s)
Snow, Carol J.
Pages
353-355
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning wks Both Male and Female Juvenile 4 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in central Alberta, 1964-1968

Author(s)
Nellis, Carl H. and Lloyd B. Keith
Pages
389-399
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Age at Sexual Maturity 1 yr Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in southeastern Colorado

Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Pages
174-181
Year
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal Oct. - Jan. Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Energy requirements of eastern coyotes

Author(s)
Pekins, Peter J. and William W. Mautz
Pages
656-659
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 10.6 yearly mean basal metabolic rate; range of seasonal means L O2/kg/d Both Male and Female Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Seasonal variation in body mass and composition of eastern coyotes

Author(s)
Poulle, Marie Lazarine, Michel Crete and Jean Huot
Pages
1625 - 1633
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Fat (total or %) 16.8 % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.8
Citation:

Physical development in coyotes (Canis latrans), with a comparison to other canids

Author(s)
Bekoff, Marc and Robert Jamieson
Pages
685-692
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 274 g Both Male and Female Neonate 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 0d Laboratory
Citation:

Summer food habits and population density of coyotes, Canis latrans, in boreal forests of sutheastern Quebec

Author(s)
Samson, Claude and Michel Crete
Pages
227-233
Year
Volume
111
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density range of density estimates #/10 km2 Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Gaspesie Conservation Park and Chic-Chocs Game Reserve [lat., 49^o00N'; long., 66^o00' W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Effects of population density and supplemental food on reproduction in song sparrows

Author(s)
Arcese, Peter and James N. M. Smith
Pages
119-136
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 73 survival; no suppl. food; survival fledgling to independence % Both Male and Female Fledgling 29 pairs without suppl. food Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Environmental and endocrine control of reproduction in the song sparrow, Melospiza melodia. I. Temporal Organization of the breeding cycle

Author(s)
Wingfield, John C.
Pages
406-416
Year
Issue
3
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 2 clutches/year Both Male and Female Adult about 5 each Rockefeller University field research center Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Temporal spacing of broods, brood size, and parental care in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia)

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M. and Derek A. Roff
Pages
1007-1015
Year
Issue
6
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.58; 3.42 Both Male and Female Adult 140; 89 Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.1; 0.19

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Comparative population ecology of eleven species of rodents in the Chihuahuan Desert

Author(s)
Brown, J. H. and Z. Zeng
Pages
46-63
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0.28 mean density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 74 Portal, Cochise County (elev. 1330 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 21.4 g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 74 Portal, Cochise County (elev. 1330m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of four species of rodents on a short-grass prairie in Colorado

Author(s)
Flake, Lester D.
Pages
636-647
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition ANIMAL MATTER: Coleoptera adults (10.9); Coleoptera larvae (24.4); Grasshoppers (2.6); Leaf hoppers (0.1); Lepidoptera adults (2.1); Lepidoptera larvae (17.6); Spiders (2.8); PLANT MATTER: Seeds (11.4); Total forbs (9.5) - Kochia scoparia (3.6); Total grasses and sedges (1.7); Total shrubs (1.7). estimated percent volume, by ranking method, of total matter in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 123 Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition ANIMAL MATTER: Coleoptera adults (10.8); Coleoptera larvae (1.4); Grasshoppers (5.7); Leaf hoppers (3.4); Lepidoptera adults (4.4); Lepidoptera larvae (1.3); Spiders (2.5); PLANT MATTER: Seeds (40.3); Total forbs (10.4) - Kochia scoparia (6.7); Total grasses and sedges (3.5); Total shrubs (1.1). estimated percent volume, by ranking method, of total matter in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 92 Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding by Peromyscus in seasonal environments

Author(s)
Millar, John S., F.B. Wille and Stuart L. Iverson
Pages
719-727
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Condition Countries Error
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 22.8 calculated median age at weaning for wild populations. d Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets Weaning CANADA 6.8 SD
Survival/ Mortality 0.046 daily mortality rate for mice <90 days; author's estimate from regression of log numbers against age. /d Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets <90 d CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)

Citation:

Body growth in sixteen rodent species and subspecies maintained in laboratory colonies

Author(s)
Morrison, Peter, Robert Dieterich and Diane Preston
Pages
294-310
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Growth Rate see citation figure of body weights at different ages Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets 0 - 40 wks Laboratory
Citation:

Energetics of the prairie deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii

Author(s)
Morris, John G. and S. Charles Kendeigh
Pages
368-76
Year
Issue
2
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 20.9 g Both Male and Female Adult 8 Exposure Factor Datasets summer-acclimatized 1.60 SE Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 20.8 g Both Male and Female Adult 8 Exposure Factor Datasets winter-acclimatized 1.24 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Ambient temperature and rainfall: an effect on sex ratio and litter size in deer mice

Author(s)
Myers, Philip, Lawrence L. Master and R. Angelitos Garrett
Pages
289-298
Year
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 5.0 "not high" temperature group #/litter Both Male and Female Neonate 150 captured pregnant mice in spring at Ann Arbor, MI Exposure Factor Datasets 0 d Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size 5.6 "not high" temperature group #/litter Both Male and Female Neonate 98 captured pregnant mice during fall at Ann Arbor, MI Exposure Factor Datasets 0 d Laboratory

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Mephitis mephitis

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and B.J. Verts
Pages
1-7
Year
Volume
173
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction in captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and Milo E. Richmond
Pages
452-455
Year
Issue
2
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Time of Mating/ Laying mid-February-mid April Both Male and Female Adult 25-200 animals Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Biology of the striped skunk

Author(s)
Verts, B. J.
Pages
182
Publisher
University of Illinois Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition see citation stomach contents and fecal analysis Both Male and Female Adult 149; 20 Exposure Factor Datasets

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Nesting and production of the mourning dove in Texas

Author(s)
Swank, Wendell G.
Pages
495-505
Year
Issue
3
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 86% estimated mortality rate in the first year, based on band returns Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Texas A&M College campus Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive success of mourning doves near a nuclear generating plant

Author(s)
Faanes, Craig A.
Pages
201-204
Year
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.8 mean number of young fledged per successful nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 358 nests Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting ecology of mourning doves in fruit orchards in north-central Washington

Author(s)
Knight, Richard L., Dwight G. Smith, David M. Gaudet and Albert W. Erickson
Pages
230-236
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 90.3% proportion of young fledged in successful nests Both Male and Female Adult 123 nests Rufus Woods Lake area Exposure Factor Datasets

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Peregrines and pesticides in Alaska

Author(s)
Cade, Tom J., Clayton M. White, and John R. Haugh
Pages
170-178
Year
Issue
2
Volume
70
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Dietary Composition waterfowl (50%), shorebirds (10-12%), small gulls (10-15%), small land birds (20%), small mammals (2-3%) dietary contribution of groups of species, by weight, based on collection of remains at nests Both Male and Female Adult, Chick 329 prey items Yukon River Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

Population ecology of peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus in Baden-Wuerttemberg, 1965-1991

Author(s)
Wegner, Peter
Pages
p.211-218
Publisher
Pica Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.6 fledlings/pair Both Male and Female Fledgling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets GERMANY
Citation:

Behavior of peregrines in winter in south Texas

Author(s)
Enderson, James H., Jon Larrabee, Zach Jones, Chris Peper, and Chris Lepisto
Pages
93-98
Year
Issue
2
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density one bird/50 sq. km estimated minimum density Both Male and Female Adult 20 birds near the Laguna Madre Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Status and reproduction of the peregrine falcon at a coastal lagoon in Baja California Sur, Mexico

Author(s)
Castellanos, Aradit, Federico Salinas-Zavala and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio
Pages
110-112
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Hatching or Parturition Mar. - Apr. Both Male and Female Hatchling 3 breeding pairs Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Reproductive success of peregrine falcons and other raptors at Wager Bay and Melville Peninsula Northwest Territories

Author(s)
Calef, George W. and Douglas C. Heard
Pages
662-674
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate range over 2 yrs young/successful nest Both Male and Female Adult 11 - 18 nests Wager Bay, Northwest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

Effects of female pairing status and timing of breeding on nesting productivity in western meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta)

Author(s)
Dickinson, T.E., J.B. Falls, and J. Kopachena
Pages
3093-3101
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 19/31 proportion of successful nests (hatched at least one egg) in which entire clutch hatched Both Male and Female Adult 41 nests near Delta, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Birds of a prairie community

Author(s)
Kendeigh, Charles
Pages
165-174
Year
Issue
4
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 6 density of birds nesting and feeding in study area birds per 50 acres Both Male and Female Adult 6 near Iowa Lakeside Laboratory Exposure Factor Datasets

Valley Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. fitchi)

Citation:

Intrapopulation variation in ecological energetics of the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis, with analysis of the precision of doubly labeled water measurements

Author(s)
Peterson, Charles C., B. Michael Walton and Albert F. Bennett
Pages
333-349
Year
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Growth Rate 3.1 average increase in % of mean body mass per day % Both Male and Female Adult 78 Eagle Lake (elev., 1800 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. nevadensis)

Citation:

Preliminary studies of the kit fox in Utah

Author(s)
Egoscue, Harold J.
Pages
351-357
Year
Issue
3
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 3.6 pairs/square mile Both Male and Female Adult 9 individuals Tooele County, west. UT, elev. 4300-4800 ft Exposure Factor Datasets

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Weights of wild mallard Anas platyrhynchos, gadwall A. strepera, and blue-winged teal A. discors during the breeding season

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Douglas H. Johnson and David E. Sharp
Pages
122-130
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 32.4 g Both Male and Female Hatchling 36 central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets 1 d 2.4 SD
Citation:

Food availability and preference of juvenile mallards

Author(s)
Chura, Nicholas J.
Pages
121-134
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Dietary Composition flora (25.3%), fauna (74.7%) Both Male and Female Juvenile 94 Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 13-18 d
Citation:

Duck nesting in fields of undisturbed grass-legume cover

Author(s)
Duebbert, H.F. and J.T. Lokemoen
Pages
39-49
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 76.6 nests/km2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported western edge of Edmunds Co., South Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Differential habitat use by sexes of American kestrels wintering in northern California

Author(s)
Koplin, James R.
Pages
39-42
Year
Issue
2
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Population Density 115 average density individuals/100 mi Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 205 obs. agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets Colusa, Humboldt, Lake, Mendocino, Yolo +/- 25 95% CI
Population Density 34 average density kestrels/100 mi Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 135 obs. coastal and coast range areas Exposure Factor Datasets Colusa, Humboldt, Lake, Mendocino, Yolo +/- 11 95% CI
Citation:

Nest box use and reproductive biology of the American kestrel in Lassen County, California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H. and Stephen J. Hawks
Pages
9-14
Year
Issue
1
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis July 29 median fledging date Both Male and Female Fledgling 27 pairs Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Citation:

The effect of vegetative cover on foraging strategies, hunting success and nesting distribution of American kestrels in central Missouri

Author(s)
Toland, Brian R.
Pages
14-20
Year
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 48 individuals in 175 km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1 study area agricultural lands, woodlots, meadows Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 50 individuals in 175 km2 Both Male and Female Adult 1 study area agricultural lands, woodlots, meadows Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting May 20 to Jul 20 period from earliest egg laying date to date of latest brood departure Both Male and Female Adult 11 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean body weight at hatch g Both Male and Female Hatchling Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Autumn movement and home range of sea otters in California

Author(s)
Ribic, Christine A.
Pages
795-801
Year
Issue
3
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Home Range 5.6 km^2 Both Male and Female Adult 9 Santa Cruz to San Luis Obispo Exposure Factor Datasets Residents 1.9 SD
Home Range 3.7 km^2 Both Male and Female Adult 11 Santa Cruz to San Luis Obispo Exposure Factor Datasets Residents 3.1 SD
Citation:

Energy, nitrogen, and electrolyte flux and sea water drinking in the sea otter Enhydra lutris

Author(s)
Costa, Daniel P.
Pages
35-44
Year
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 234 Daily total energy consumption Kcal/kg-d Both Male and Female Adult 5 Exposure Factor Datasets 19 SE Laboratory

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

Habitat preference and the distribution of Uta stansburiana and Sceloporus occidentalis in coastal California

Author(s)
Davis, John and Nicholaas A. M. Verbeek
Pages
643-649
Year
Volume
1972
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity 22-23 mo Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Hastings Reservation, Carmel Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Citation:

Energy expenditure in free-ranging lizards

Author(s)
Bennett, Albert F. and Kenneth A. Nagy
Pages
697-700
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Metabolic Rate 0.035 resting metabolic rate at 18.5C, estimated as carbon dioxide production rate ml CO2/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 11 Ecology Research Area, University of California, Los Angeles Exposure Factor Datasets reproductively active 0.002SE
Citation:

Fat and breeding cycles in two montane populations of Sceloporus occidentalis (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguandidae)

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr. and Allen Allison
Pages
211-220
Year
Issue
3
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 53 d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported yellow pine forest, central Sierra Nevada (elev., 2200m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Nesting success and habitat relationships of burrowing owls in the Columbia River Basin, Oregon

Author(s)
Green, Gregory A and Robert G. Anthony
Pages
347-354
Year
Volume
91
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition arthropods (92%), vertebrates (8%) percent occurrence in diet based on pellet analysis Both Male and Female Not Reported 5,559 pellets Gilliam, Morrow, and Umatilla counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (18.9%), birds (3.9%), insects (29.9%), vegetation (71.3%) mean percent occurrence in pellets Both Male and Female Not Reported 209 pellets Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis September period by which fledging is complete Both Male and Female Adult 18 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Home range and habitat of the desert tortoise (Xerobates agassizi) in the Picacho mountains of Arizona

Author(s)
Barrett, Sheryl L.
Pages
202-206
Year
Issue
2
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 19 ha Both Male and Female Adult 14 Picacho Mountains, Pinal County Exposure Factor Datasets 4.6 SE
Citation:

Growth and age at maturity of North American tortoises in relation to regional climates

Author(s)
Germano, David J.
Pages
918-931
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Growth Rate mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means mm/yr Both Male and Female 33 - 101 animals/site Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts Exposure Factor Datasets 0-4 yrs
Citation:

Home range size and movements by desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii, in the eastern Mojave desert

Author(s)
O'Connor, Michael P., Linda C. Zimmerman, Douglas E. Ruby, Susan J. Bulova and James R. Spotila
Pages
60-71
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range minimum convex polygon home ranges determined from telemetered tortoises recaptured at least 17 times, corrected for # of sightings ha Both Male and Female Not Reported 15 animals Desert Tortoise Conservation Center, Las Vegas (elev., 800 m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Natural history of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (LeConte)

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate range of mean daily intake of mealworms by captive bats g/d Both Male and Female Adult 3 bats Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Morrell, Stephen
Pages
162-174
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Kangaroo rats (80.7%), rabbits (46.2%), squirrels (9.6%), cottontails (5.8%), pocket mouse (1.9%), unident. insects (59.6%), scorpions (17.3%), Jerusalem crickets (13.5%), insect larvae (11.5%), ants (9.6%), grasshoppers (5.8%), beetles (3.8%), spiders (1.9%) frequency of occurrence in scat analyses % Both Male and Female Not Reported 52 scat groups Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Home range characteristics of the San Joaquin kit fox in western Kern County, California

Author(s)
Spiegel, Linda K. and Michael Bradbury
Pages
83-92
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 6.13 based on all observations of marked individuals km2 Both Male and Female Adult Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 0.45 SE

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California clapper rail in South San Francisco Bay

Author(s)
Harvey, Thomas E.
Pages
98-104
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 0.69 mean breeding density based on rope drag and call count data birds/ha Both Male and Female Adult 55 ha south San Francisco Bay - Ideal Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda

Boreal Toad (Anaxyrus boreas ssp. boreas formerly Bufo boreas ssp. boreas)

Citation:

Breeding behavior of the boreal toad, Bufo boreas boreas (Baird and Girard), in western Montana

Author(s)
Black, Jeffrey Howard and Royal Bruce Brunson
Pages
109-113
Year
Issue
2
Volume
31
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - July time of mating Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported ponds, Missoula and Ravalli counties Exposure Factor Datasets

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Reproduction and food habits of Merriam's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami

Author(s)
Bradley, W. Glenn and Roger A. Mauer
Pages
497-507
Year
Issue
3
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity <2 age when reproductive activity observed mo Both Male and Female Adult 10 Las Vegas Valley, Clark County (elev., 2500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Range use patterns and spatial relationships of Merriams's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami)

Author(s)
Behrends, Philip, Martin Daly and Margo I. Wilson
Pages
187-209
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 6 #/ha Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Boyde Deep Canyon Reserve (elev., 300m) Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Life history notes on Merriam's kangaroo rat in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Reynolds, Hudson G.
Pages
48-58
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 0.243 average range; estimated as enclosed space occupied by used traps plus one-half distance to closest unused trap acres Both Male and Female Juvenile 14 Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000 - 4500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Killdeer breeding densities

Author(s)
Mace, Terrence R.
Pages
442-443
Year
Issue
3
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 31.3 estimated breeding density in asphalt area habitat (32 ha) pairs/100 ha Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported St. Paul Campus, Univ. of MN Exposure Factor Datasets

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

Home range, growth, and population density of Uta stansburiana in Arizona

Author(s)
Parker, William S.
Pages
135-139
Year
Issue
2
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density #/ha Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Phoenix South Mountain, Maricopa county Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The life and demography of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Tinkle, Donald W.
Pages
1 - 182
Year
Volume
132
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of densities over 2 yrs #/acre Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Mesa County Exposure Factor Datasets

Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Observations on the San Joaquin leopard lizard, Crotaphytus wislizenii silus Stenjneger

Author(s)
Montanucci, Richard R.
Pages
270-283
Year
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - May time of mating Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Tulare

Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)

Citation:

Ecology of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana, on Santa Barbara Island, California

Author(s)
Fellers, Gary M. and Charles A. Drost
Pages
28-78
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 13.4 estimated from largest lizard (snout-vent length, 102.5 mm)and known growth rates yr Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Santa Barbara Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Home range and mobility of brush rabbits in California chaparral

Author(s)
Connell, Joseph H.
Pages
392-405
Year
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 3.5 longest recorded life span yr Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The rabbits of California

Author(s)
Orr, R.T.
Pages
1-227
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity maturity based on presence of adult pelage mo Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Reproductive behaviour and multiple paternity of California ground squirrels

Author(s)
Boellstorff, Diane E., Donald H. Owings, Maria Cecilia T. Penedo and Marta J. Hersek
Pages
1057-1064
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range over 2 yrs #/ha Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Camp Ohlone, East Bay Regional Park District Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

A preliminary report on the biology of the willow flycatcher in the central Sierra Nevada

Author(s)
Stafford, Michael D. and Bradley E. Valentine
Pages
66-77
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Territory Size range of territory sizes during the breeding season m^2 Both Male and Female Adult 15 birds Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Growth Rate change in body weight; instantaneous rate based on Brody 1945 %/d Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Richmond field station; Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets subadult Contra Costa

Red-sided Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. parietalis)

Citation:

Temperature-dependent shifts in the metabolism of a cool temperate reptile, Thanmophis sirtalis parietalis

Author(s)
Aleksiuk, Michael
Pages
495-503
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate see citation figure of oxygen consumption at 5-27C ml O2/g/hr Both Male and Female Not Reported 60 captured at Winnipeg, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Survival estimates for snowy plovers breeding at Great Salt Lake, Utah

Author(s)
Paton, Peter W.C.
Pages
1106-1109
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 0.687 estimated average annual adult survival probability (using Jolly-Seber model) Both Male and Female Adult 361 birds captured over 3 yrs Great Salt Lake Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Spacing out at Mono Lake: Breeding success, nest density, and predation in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Pages
13-24
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 26.9 incubation period d Both Male and Female Embryo 9 nests Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Citation:

Distribution, abundance, and nesting characteristics of Snowy Plovers on the Oregon Coast

Author(s)
Wilson-Jacobs, Ruth and E. Charles Meslow
Pages
40-48
Year
Issue
1
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying April, May months of peak nest initiation activity, 2 years Both Male and Female Adult 2-15 nests/colony/year coast Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

The breeding populations of piscivorous birds of Eagle Lake

Author(s)
Lederer, Roger J.
Pages
771-772
Year
Issue
3
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 2400 annual number of individuals censused birds/lake Both Male and Female Not Reported 1 lake Eagle Lake, 42 km NW of Susanville Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen

Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. sirtalis)

Citation:

Comparative ecology of the common garter snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the ribbon snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus) and Butler's garter snake (Thamnophis butleri) in mixed populations

Author(s)
Carpenter, Charles C.
Pages
235-238
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 482 #/48 acres Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Washtenaw County Exposure Factor Datasets

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:

Temporal and spatial demographic patterns in Dipodomys stephensi from Riverside County, California

Author(s)
McClenaghan, Leroy R. Jr. and Ernest Taylor
Pages
636-645
Year
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 26.2 average density over 19 mo study #/ha Both Male and Female Not Reported 96 Motte Rimrock Reserve [lat., 33^o47'30"N; long., 117^o15'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Dynamics of a loggerhead shrike population in Minnesota

Author(s)
Brooks, Bonnie L. and Stanley A. Temple
Pages
441-450
Year
Issue
3
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 48 pairs southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Resource dependence and territory size in loggehead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
465-469
Year
Issue
2
Volume
111
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year number of clutches laid per season per pair clutches/pair Both Male and Female Adult 10 pairs Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets

Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora) formerly Rana aurora ssp. aurora

Citation:

Rana aurora (Baird and Girard), Red-legged frog

Author(s)
Altig, Ronald and Philip C. Dumas
Pages
1-4
Year
Volume
160
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Contribution to the natural history of the Plethodont salamander Ensatina eschscholtzii

Author(s)
Gnaedinger, Leslie McKay and Charles A. Reed
Pages
187-196
Year
Volume
1948
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 1.60 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 37 Portland, Multnomah County Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii), Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. neomexicanus)

Citation:

Attempts to breed cottontail rabbits in captivity

Author(s)
Dice, L. R.
Pages
225-229
Year
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Both Male and Female Adult 3 litters captured in Rago, Kansas Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)

Citation:

Metabolic characteristics of mountain, desert and coastal populations of Peromyscus

Author(s)
Murie, Martin
Pages
723-740
Year
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 3.26 resting oxygen consumption rate at 25C cc O2/g/hr Both Male and Female Not Reported 8 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.09 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative energetics in two sympatric species of Peromyscus

Author(s)
Mazen, Walter S. and Robert L. Rudd
Pages
573-574
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 2.56 mean basal metabolic rate ccO2/g/h Both Male and Female Not Reported 20 collected 5 km east of Chico, Butte County, CA Exposure Factor Datasets 0.34 SD Laboratory

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii ssp. extimus)

Citation:

Status and breeding ecology of the southwestern willow flycatcher in the Grand Canyon

Author(s)
Sogge, Mark K., Timothy J. Tibbitts, Jim R. Petterson
Pages
142-157
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 18% percent of nests that fledged at least one young % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 17 nest attempts (in 5 sample years) Colorado River Exposure Factor Datasets

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

The influence of starlings on flicker reproduction when both naturally excavated cavities and artificial nest boxes are available

Author(s)
Ingold, Danny J.
Pages
218-225
Year
Issue
2
Volume
110
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting mid-April to early May time of nest excavation starts Both Male and Female Adult 40 pairs near New Concord Exposure Factor Datasets

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

Ecology and management of the bullfrog

Author(s)
Bury, R. B. and J.A. Whelan
Pages
23
Publisher
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Resource Publication No. 155
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
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