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Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Lab
PCB Increased Flight M Adult 50 pairs Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
TRAMADOL HYDRCHLORIDE No effect Agitation-sedation score B Adult 12 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
PBDE MIXTURE Decreased Egg weight B Embryo 21 McGill University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE (HBCDD) No effect Body mass B Adult 30 McGill University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
1,2-DIBROMO-4-(1,2-DIBROMOETHYL)CYCLOHEXANE (DBE-DBCH - FORMERLY TBECH) Decreased Proportion of male hatchlings M Hatchling 46 pairs McGill University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PBDE TECHNICAL MIXTURE, DE-71 See citation Liver histology Embryo 120 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab Laboratory
AROCLOR 1242 No effect Plumage color B Adult 36 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab Laboratory
PCB Increased Total WBC count M Adult 152 Avian Science and Conservation
Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PCB Increased Plasma T3 M Nestling 46 Avian Science and Conservation
Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PBDE TECHNICAL MIXTURE, DE-71 Decreased Incubation constancy B Adult 62 Avian Science and Conservation
Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) 4.8 ± 0.2 eggs Clutch size Embryo 8 Avian Science and Conservation
Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) 15.2 ± 0.1 g Egg mass Embryo 8 Avian Science and Conservation
Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
METHYLMERCURY 0.89 µg/g [0.56-1.52 (95% CI)] Embryonic LD50 Embryo 98 Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
MERCURY (elemental) 1.03 ppm ± 0.11 Chick feathers Chick 20 Cape Fear River, Ferry Slip Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
MERCURY COMPOUNDS See citation Figure 2 Muscle concentration, total mercury Not Reported 5 Southeast Gulf of California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO Laboratory
HEXACHLOROBENZENE 1.45 ng/g ww (0.563-3.60) Egg concentration 10 Marsh Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
DIAZINON 3.37 ng/g ww ± 6.5 Egg concentration Embryo 8 Colorado River Delta Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 1.14 µg/g (0.61-3.71) Egg concentration Embryo 16 Lemoore Toxicity Factor Datasets Fresno USA Laboratory
STRONTIUM 39 µg/g ± 10 Eggshell concentration Embryo 5 Detroit Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
AROCLOR 1268 See citation Table 1 for congeners Feather concentration Not Reported See citation LCP Superfund site, Brunswick Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
MOLYBDENUM 1.19 µg/g dw Liver concentration NR Hatchling 4 Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA Laboratory
FORMALDEHYDE 10.53 mg/L LC50 NR Tadpole 12 per treatment Fisheries Institute, APTA/SAA, São Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab BRAZIL Laboratory
AMMONIUM SULFATE 82.7 mg/L NOAEL NR Tadpole 90 EPA laboratory, Corvallis, OR Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
GLYPHOSATE No effect % mortality NR Tadpole 24 San Francisco State University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
ZINC SULFATE 0.01 % mortality NR Tadpole 80 Colorado Division of Wildlife Aquatic Toxicity Laboratory, Ft. Collins, CO Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
OXYTETRACYCLINE HCL 2.37 (0.13 SE) Mean mass after 11 w exp (units NR) NR Juvenile 10 USGS Midcontinent Ecological Science Center, Ft. Collins, CO Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
ENDRIN 25 ± 16 ng/g Accumulation in eggs from spiked nest material NR Embryo 10 Texas Tech University, Lubbock Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
CHROMIUM (elemental) 45.0 ± 8.7 ppb Liver concentration, dead-captured 17 Pine Barrens Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
CADMIUM (elemental) 51.0 ± 28.4 ppb Heart concentration, dead-captured 15 Pine Barrens Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE Decreased Testes/brain weight M Adult 60 U.S. Army Center for Health
Promotion and Preventive Medicine 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
METHYLMERCURY See citation Table 3 Hematological chemistry M Adult 59 Patuxent Wildlife
Research Center, Laurel 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
PCB No effect Cracked eggs, multiple B Adult F0: 50 pairs University of Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PCB Earlier Body mass: maximal growth F Nestling 33 pairs Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill
University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PCB Decreased Body mass: asymptotic size M Nestling 33 pairs Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill
University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PCB Increased Tarsus: growth rate M Nestling 33 pairs Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill
University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PBDE TECHNICAL MIXTURE, DE-71 288.60 ± 33.35 ng/g Egg concentrations NR Embryo 17 Avian Science and Conservation Centre of
McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
BENZENE Decreased Plasma FT4 F Adult 17 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PCB Increased Sexual behaviors M Adult 50 pairs Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
BUTORPHANOL TARTRATE Increased from baseline Thermal threshold of foot F Adult 15 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
PBDE MIXTURE Decreased Egg volume B Embryo 21 McGill University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE (HBCDD) Decreased Active behaviors B Adult 30 McGill University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
1,2-DIBROMO-4-(1,2-DIBROMOETHYL)CYCLOHEXANE (DBE-DBCH - FORMERLY TBECH) Increased Estradiols egg concentration Embryo 46 McGill University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PBDE TECHNICAL MIXTURE, DE-71 No effect Hepatic EROD activity Embryo 120 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab Laboratory
DIPHACINONE See citation Table 1 Necroscopic/histological observations B Adult 23 Patuxent Wildlife
Research Center 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab Laboratory
PCB No effect Total WBC count F Adult 152 Avian Science and Conservation
Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PCB Decreased Plasma T4 M Nestling 46 Avian Science and Conservation
Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) See citation Body mass B Adult 64 Avian Science and Conservation
Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) 80 ± 5 % % fertile eggs in clutch Embryo 8 Avian Science and Conservation
Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) 14,370 ± 20 mm3 Egg volume Embryo 42 Avian Science and Conservation
Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
METHYLMERCURY 0.12 µg/g [0.08-0.19 (95% CI)] Embryonic LD50 Embryo 81 Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
MERCURY (elemental) 0.86 ppm ± 0.18 Chick feathers Chick 25 Cape Fear River, South Pelican Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
MERCURY COMPOUNDS See citation Figure 2 Muscle concentration, organic mercury Not Reported 5 Southeast Gulf of California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO Laboratory
MIREX 4.80 ng/g ww (1.92-18.6) Egg concentration 10 Marsh Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
DIMETHOATE 2.00 ng/g ww ± 1.6 Egg concentration Embryo 8 Colorado River Delta Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 0.62 µg/g (0.10-3.01) Egg concentration Embryo 7 Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets Imperial USA Laboratory
CALCIUM 347 µg/g ± 19 Eggshell concentration Embryo 5 Detroit Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 0.32 µg/g ww ± 0.15 Liver concentration NR Hatchling 4 Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA Laboratory
NICKEL (elemental) 0.54 µg/g dw Liver concentration NR Hatchling 4 Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA Laboratory
LIDOCAINE See citation Figure 3 Heart rate NR Adult 6 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab BRAZIL Laboratory
TRICLOPYR No effect Survival NR Tadpole 45 Eggs from Olympia, WA Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
GLYPHOSATE 0.042 % mortality NR Tadpole 24 San Francisco State University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
ZINC SULFATE No effect % mortality NR Tadpole 80 Colorado Division of Wildlife Aquatic Toxicity Laboratory, Ft. Collins, CO Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
OXYTETRACYCLINE HCL 2.32 (0.18 SE) Mean mass after 11 w exp (units NR) NR Juvenile 10 USGS Midcontinent Ecological Science Center, Ft. Collins, CO Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) Not detected Accumulation in eggs from spiked nest material NR Embryo 10 Texas Tech University, Lubbock Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
CHROMIUM (elemental) 51.0 ± 19.6 ppb Kidney concentration, dead-captured 15 Pine Barrens Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
CHROMIUM (elemental) 72.9 ± 32.1 ppb Heart concentration, dead-captured 15 Pine Barrens Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE See citation Histopathology M Adult 60 U.S. Army Center for Health
Promotion and Preventive Medicine 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
METHYLMERCURY See citation Table 1 Cum survivorship B Nestling 154 Patuxent Wildlife
Research Center, Laurel 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
PCB 0.78 Embryo abnormalities B Adult F0: 50 pairs University of Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PCB Longer Antebrachrium: asymptotic size F Nestling 33 pairs Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill
University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PCB Increased Body mass: growth rate M Nestling 33 pairs Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill
University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PCB Decreased Tarsus: maximal growth M Nestling 33 pairs Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill
University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PBDE TECHNICAL MIXTURE, DE-71 1130.59 ± 95.34 ng/g Egg concentrations NR Embryo 16 Avian Science and Conservation Centre of
McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
BENZENE Decreased Plasma TT4 F Adult 17 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PCB No effect Flight F Adult 50 pairs Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
BUTORPHANOL TARTRATE Decreased from baseline Thermal threshold of foot M 15 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
PBDE MIXTURE Decreased % fertility B Embryo 21 McGill University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE (HBCDD) Decreased Courtship calls B Adult 30 McGill University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
1,2-DIBROMO-4-(1,2-DIBROMOETHYL)CYCLOHEXANE (DBE-DBCH - FORMERLY TBECH) No effect Testosterone egg concentration Embryo 46 McGill University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PBDE TECHNICAL MIXTURE, DE-71 No effect T4/mg thyroid Embryo 120 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab Laboratory
DIPHACINONE No effect Body weight change B Adult 23 Patuxent Wildlife
Research Center 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab Laboratory
PCB Increased Lynphocytes M Adult 152 Avian Science and Conservation
Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
PCB Decreased Plasma T3 F Nestling 46 Avian Science and Conservation
Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) 33 ± 3 ng/g Egg concentration NR Embryo 14 Avian Science and Conservation
Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) 0.45 % eggs laid that resulted in banded juvenile kestrels Embryo Avian Science and Conservation
Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) 0.189 ± 0.001 mm Egg shell thickness Embryo 14 Avian Science and Conservation
Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
METHYLMERCURY 0.33 µg/g [0.15-0.73 (95% CI)] Embryonic LD50 Embryo 88 Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE 3.5 ng/g ww (1.3-11.4) Brain concentration Not Reported 5 Cartagena Bay Toxicity Factor Datasets COLUMBIA Laboratory
CHLORDANE 43.2 ng/g ww (22.8-148) Egg concentration 18 Crab Bank Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
CHLORDANE 13.6 ng/g ww (6.20-25.1) Egg concentration 33 Marsh Island Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO Laboratory
MALATHION 3.96 ng/g ww ± 3.9 Egg concentration Embryo 8 Colorado River Delta Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO Laboratory
MERCURY (elemental) 0.56 µg/g [0.20-1.56 (95% CI)] Blood concentration NR Not Reported 67 San Francisco Bay marshes Toxicity Factor Datasets Alameda USA Laboratory
MERCURY (elemental) 1.8 ppm ± 1.2 Hatchling concentration Hatchling 15 Blythe Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
DIELDRIN 0.039 µg/g ww ± 0.035 Liver concentration NR Hatchling 4 Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA Laboratory
SELENIUM (elemental) 6.95 µg/g dw Liver concentration NR Hatchling 4 Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA Laboratory

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Aroclor 1242 and reproductive success of adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Haseltine, Susan D. and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
29-34
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1242 8.9% decrease @ 150 ppm eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of aqueous and dietary exposure of dieldrin on survival, growth and bioconcentration in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Nebeker, Alan V., William L. Griffis, Thomas W. Stutzman, Gerald S. Schuytema, Lori A. Carey and Susan M. Scherer
Pages
687-699
Year
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN 0.3 ug/g 24-d NOAEL based on growth impairment Not Reported Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 - 25 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of ingested petroleum on the plasma prolactin levels during incubation and on the breeding success of paired mallard ducks

Author(s)
Cavanaugh, K.P., A.R. Goldsmith, W.N. Holmes and B.K. Follett
Pages
335-341
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS no effect clutch size Female Adult 17 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Behavior of mallard ducklings from parents fed 3 ppm DDE

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
640-645
Year
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DDE (4,4'-) no effect behavior of offspring; latency in response to approach a maternal call and distance travelled from a frightening stimulus Female Adult 4 adults/dose; 141-175 offspring/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Subacute dietary toxicities of dicrotophos and dieldrin in time-replicated trials with young ring-necked pheasants and mallards

Author(s)
Hill, E.F.
Pages
105-120
Publisher
American Society for Testing and Materials
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN 200.7 (coeff. of variation 22.3%) 5 day dietary LC50 Not Reported Juvenile 8-10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 5 days Laboratory
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