Mammals

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Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Reproduction, survival and tag loss in California sea otters

Author(s)
Siniff, Donald B., and Katherine Ralls
Pages
211-229
Year
Issue
3
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning <80 or >120 estimate time period that pups spent with mothers d Not Reported Juvenile 24 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity 11 oldest animal captured in study yr Female Adult 1 animal Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The sea otter in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Author(s)
Kenyon, Karl W.
Pages
1-352
Year
Issue
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation estimated gestation including delayed implantation period mo Female Adult 275 reproductive tracts Amchitka Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year annual reproductive rate, based on field count, sex ratio, reproductive tract data % Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Amchitka Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Autumn movement and home range of sea otters in California

Author(s)
Ribic, Christine A.
Pages
795-801
Year
Issue
3
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Home Range 5.6 km^2 Both Male and Female Adult 9 Santa Cruz to San Luis Obispo Exposure Factor Datasets Residents 1.9 SD
Citation:

Home range and territoriality of sea otters near Monterey, California

Author(s)
Loughlin, T.R.
Year
Issue
3
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean Weight for females kg Female Both Adults and Juveniles 9 Monterey, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

California sea lion mortality: Natural or artifact

Author(s)
Brownell, R. L. and B.J. LeBoeuf
Pages
287-305
Publisher
Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition May-late June pupping season Female Adult Not Reported San Miguel Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 1 pup/litter Female Adult Not Reported San Miguel Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Air temperature and direct partitional calorimetry of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)

Author(s)
South, F.E., R. H. Luecke, M. L. Zatzman and M. D. Shanklin
Pages
27-30
Year
Issue
1
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 2.1 resting metabolism kcal/kg/hr Female Juvenile 2 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Milk and energy intakes of suckling California Sea Lions (Z. californicus) pups in relation to sex, growth and predicted maintenance requirements

Author(s)
Oftedal, Olav T., Sara J. Iverson and Daryl J. Boness
Pages
560-575
Year
Issue
5
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Food Ingestion Rate daily energy intake estimated from milk intake; range of means for 2 yrs kcal/d Female Pup 1-8/yr San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets 1 mo
Water Ingestion Rate 549 total daily water intake derived from sum of milk water intake and metabolic water production g/d Female Pup 19 San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets 2 mo 21.6 SE
Growth Rate daily weight gain; range of means for 2 yrs g/d Male Pup 5-9/yr San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets 1 mo
Citation:

Population abundance, pup mortality, and copulation frequency in the California sea lion in relation to the 1983 El Nino on San Nicolas Island

Author(s)
Francis, J. M. and C. B. Heath
Pages
271-288
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Survival/ Mortality 10-18 range of % mortality during the first 2 mo of life; estimated over 3 yrs % Female Pup 2679 pups San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 0-2 mo
Citation:

Oxygen uptake of the California sea lion and harbour seal during exposure to heat

Author(s)
Matsuura, D. T. and G. C. Whittow
Pages
711-715
Year
Issue
3
Volume
225
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 321.4 oxygen uptake at rectal temperature of 16.4C. ml O2/min Both Male and Female Adult 3 Exposure Factor Datasets 3-4 yrs 23.7 SE Laboratory

San Joaquin Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni)

Citation:

Survival and home range in the Nelson antelope ground squirrel

Author(s)
Hawbecker, Albert C.
Pages
207-215
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 11 "normal" home range estimated as area enclosed by points of capture acres Not Reported Adult 240 squirrel trapped Panoche (elev., 1200') Exposure Factor Datasets San Benito

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Seasonal variation in body weight, fat, and behaviour of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Holekamp, Kay E. and Scott Nunes
Pages
1425-1433
Year
Issue
6
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Error
Clutch or Litter Size 6.7 young/litter Female Adult 26 University of California, Santa Cruz Campus ( elev., 120 m) [lat., 37^0W; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz primiparous 0.3 SE
Citation:

A population study of the Beechey ground squirrel in central California

Author(s)
Evans, F. C. and R. Holdenried
Pages
231-260
Year
Issue
2
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 6.25 young/litter Female Adult 8 litters Calaveras Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Santa Clara
Citation:

Energy metabolism and evaporative water loss in the California ground squirrel

Author(s)
Baudinette, Russel V.
Pages
57-72
Year
Volume
81
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 402.3 g Not Reported Not Reported 10 University of California, Irvine Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Patterns of progesterone secretion in free-living California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Holekamp, K.E., S. Nunes and F. Talamantes
Pages
1051-1059
Year
Issue
5
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb. - Mar. Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported University of California, Santa Cruz Campus [lat., 37^oN; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz
Citation:

The annual cycle of the California ground squirrel

Author(s)
Tomich, P. Quentin
Pages
213-282
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 677 g Male Adult 61 Davis and Dixon Exposure Factor Datasets Solano, Yolo 113.5

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Energy relationships of the mammals of a desert shrub (Larrea tridentata) community

Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Alice Eastlake Chew
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 62.0 average range of movement after 3 captures m Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Simon Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 4.7
Citation:

Population Ecology of a desert rodent: Dipodomys merriami in the Chihuahuan Desert

Author(s)
Zeng, Zongyong and James H. Brown
Pages
1328-1340
Year
Issue
5
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity at least 36 oldest recorded mo Female Adult 3 Cave Creek Bajada, Cochise County (elev., 1330 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding of captive kangaroo rats, Dipodomys merriami and D. microps

Author(s)
Daly, M., Margo I. Wilson and P. Behrends
Pages
338-341
Year
Issue
2
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 pups/litter Female Adult 51 captured near Palm Springs, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

The reproduction of heteromyid rodents in captivity

Author(s)
Eisenberg, John F. and Donald E. Isaac
Pages
61-67
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 2.2 pups/litter Female Adult 4 litters Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Consumption of herbaceaous vegetation and water during reproduction and development of Merriam's Kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami

Author(s)
Soholt, Lars F.
Pages
445-457
Year
Issue
2
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Food Ingestion Rate see citation figure of daily food intake g/d Female Adult 4-16 captured in Clark County, NV Exposure Factor Datasets non-reproductive, lactating or gestating Laboratory
Citation:

The relation of oxygen consumption to temperature in desert rodents

Author(s)
Dawson, William R.
Pages
543-552
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 1.2 average oxygen consumption rate at 31-34C cc O2/g/hr Not Reported Not Reported 25 captured at Lovejoy Buttes, Los Angeles County, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Ecology of rodents in Indian Cove (Mojave Desert), Joshua Tree National Monument, California

Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Bernard B. Butterworth
Pages
203-225
Year
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity longest recorded longevity mo Not Reported Adult 2 Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Notes on home ranges and population density of two species of heteromyid rodents in southwestern Texas

Author(s)
York, Christopher L.
Pages
42-46
Year
Volume
1
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 3.39 acres Female Adult 4 Presidio County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Repeatability of mammalian physiology: Evaporative water loss and oxygen consumption of Dipodomys merriami

Author(s)
Hayes, Jack P., Chad A. Bible and John D. Boone
Pages
475-485
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.619 resting metabolic rate at 30C ml O2/min Not Reported Adult 30 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.099 SD Laboratory

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:

Growth and development of Dipodomys stephensi

Author(s)
Lackey, James A.
Pages
624-632
Year
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 4.4 g Both Male and Female Neonate 16 Exposure Factor Datasets 0 d Laboratory
Citation:

Distances moved by Stephens' kangaroo rat (Dipodomys stephensi Merriam) and implications for conservation

Author(s)
Price, Mary V., Patrick A. Kelly and Ross L. Goldingay
Pages
929-939
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range range of median maximum distance moved based on telemetry at 2 sites; 21 - 91 d observation m Female Adult 9 Motte Rock Ecological Reserve [lat., 33^o53'N; long., 117^o6'W] and San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o51'N; long., 116^o54'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 4 g Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets 4 wk Inyo
Citation:

Longevity of the pocket mouse, Pergonathus longimembris

Author(s)
Edmonds, Vaughan W. and Daniel S. Fertig
Pages
300-301
Year
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Longevity > 8 lifespan in captivity yrs Not Reported Adult 1 captured in Kern County, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Foraging range in mice and voles: The role of risk

Author(s)
Anderson, Paul K.
Pages
2645-2653
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Home Range 60-120 long by 5.5 wide linear-shaped home ranges conforming to ecotone along lake m Both Male and Female Not Reported 14 Frederick Lake, near Calgary, Alberta [lat., 51^o06'N; long., 114^o44'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Fat levels in a subarctic population of Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Gyug, Les W. and John S. Millar
Pages
1341-1346
Year
Issue
7
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Fat (total or %) see citation see citation for figure of absolute fat content in various breeding conditions g Both Male and Female Adult 6- 23 Heart Lake Biology Station [lat., 61^oN; long., 117^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Food habits of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in northern Ontario

Author(s)
Martell, Arthur M. and A.L. MacAuley
Pages
319-324
Year
Issue
3
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition arthropods (62.3 %); seeds (21.7 %); chlorophyllous plant matter (10.1%); achlorophyllous plant matter (6.3%) % total volume of stomach contents. % Not Reported Not Reported 12 uncut and selectively cut forest, Manitouwadge, Ontario [lat., 49^o07'N; long., 85^o50'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Breeding by Peromyscus in seasonal environments

Author(s)
Millar, John S., F.B. Wille and Stuart L. Iverson
Pages
719-727
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Survival/ Mortality 0.046 daily mortality rate for mice <90 days; author's estimate from regression of log numbers against age. /d Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets <90 d CANADA
Citation:

Basal metabolic rates and thermoregulatory abilities in four small mammals

Author(s)
Tomasi, Thomas E.
Pages
2534-2537
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 2.70 Mean measured as CO2 production at 24C, converted to O2 consumption by 0.8 R.Q. ml 02/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 6 Exposure Factor Datasets Resting 0.07 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Some rodent populations in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Storer, T.I., F.C. Evans and F.G. Palmer
Pages
166-192
Year
Issue
2
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 0.21 acres Female Adult 27 Bass Lake (elev., 4500 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Age of sexual maturity in mice of the genus Peromyscus

Author(s)
Clark, Frank H.
Pages
230-234
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Age at Sexual Maturity 48.72 based on presence of cornified vaginal epithelial cells d Female Adult 186 Exposure Factor Datasets 1.23 Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative population ecology of eleven species of rodents in the Chihuahuan Desert

Author(s)
Brown, J. H. and Z. Zeng
Pages
46-63
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 21.4 g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 74 Portal, Cochise County (elev. 1330m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal home ranges and activity of small mammals of a Colorado subalpine forest

Author(s)
Merritt, Joseph F. and Joanie M. Merritt
Pages
195 - 202
Year
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 0.02 ha Female Adult 9 eastern slope, Colorado Rocky Mountains (elev., 3120 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 0.55 SE
Citation:

Relationship between metabolic rate and energy expenditure for lactation in Peromyscus

Author(s)
Glazier, Douglas S.
Pages
587-590
Year
Issue
4
Volume
80
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 2.75 basal metabolic rate mlO2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.33 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Intraspecific variation in body size, metabolic rate, and reproduction of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Author(s)
Earle, Michael and D. M. Lavigne
Pages
381-388
Year
Issue
2
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean range of means from 3 sites g Both Male and Female Neonate 17-29 adults captured at Milk River, Alberta [lat., 49^o07'N; long., 111^o45'W] and Sydney, British Columbia, Canada [lat., 48^o43'N; long., 123^o20'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 20.9 g Both Male and Female Adult 55 Anytown (elev., 400 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo 1.6 SE

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)

Citation:

Adaptations and speciation of harvest mice of the marshes of San Francisco Bay

Author(s)
Fisler, George F.
Pages
1-98
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.72 young/litter Female Adult Not Reported San Francisco Bay marshes Exposure Factor Datasets

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Extra-large body size in California voles: causes and fitness consequences

Author(s)
Lidicker, William Z., and Richard S. Ostfield
Pages
108-121
Year
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Body Weight - Mean "extra large" body weight (12.6 % of population) g Male Adult 121 Brooks Island, San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets >25 d Contra Costa
Citation:

Nutritional ecology of the California vole: Effects of food quality on reproduction

Author(s)
Batzli, George O.
Pages
406-412
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 3.7 young/litter Female Adult 12 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.3 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.3 mean; dry season pups/litter Female Adult 6 Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 1.1 (95%CI)
Time of Mating/ Laying Sept/Oct. - May/June breeding; > 50% in reproductive condition Both Male and Female Adult Richmond Field Station and Russel Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Nutritional ecology of microtine rodents: digestibility of forage

Author(s)
Batzli, G. O., and F. Russell Cole
Pages
740-750
Year
Issue
4
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 450 metabolizable energy; equivalent to average daily metabolic rate cal/g/d Not Reported 5 Exposure Factor Datasets 28 d or older 16 SE Laboratory
Citation:

The relationship between habitat heterogeneity, space use, and demography in a population of California voles

Author(s)
Ostfeld, Richard S., William Z. Lidicker, Jr. and Edward J. Heske
Pages
433-442
Year
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 550 peak density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Demographic changes in fluctuating populations of Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Krebs, Charles J.
Pages
239-273
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Oct. - Aug. based on % scrotal males and performate females; overall range varied by location and year Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Tilden Regional Park and Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)

Citation:

The rabbits of California

Author(s)
Orr, R.T.
Pages
1-227
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Dec. - June time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Home range and mobility of brush rabbits in California chaparral

Author(s)
Connell, Joseph H.
Pages
392-405
Year
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0.9 #/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 10 Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Movement patterns of brush rabbits in northwestern California

Author(s)
Shields, Paul W.
Pages
381-386
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 191 mean range diameter ft Female Juvenile 22 Humboldt Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt

Desert Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus)

Citation:

Ecology of the desert kit fox, Vulpes macrotis arsipus, in the Mojave Desert of southern California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, Thomas P. and Larry Gilbertson
Pages
1-15
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 1936 g Female Adult 13 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 64 SE

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Morrell, Stephen
Pages
162-174
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition February-March Female Adult Not Reported Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Functional and numerical responses of kit foxes to a short-term decline in mammalian prey

Author(s)
White, Patrick J., Callie A. Vanderbilt White and Katherine Ralls
Pages
370-376
Year
Issue
2
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition deer mice (10.8%), kangaroo rats (8.4%), pocket gophers (2.9%), pocket mice (20.0%), woodrats (0.6%), ground squirrels (6.4%), birds (7.5%), insects (33.5%), leporids (4.7%), reptiles (2.0%), percentage occurrence of prey types in feces % Both Male and Female Adult 834 feces Carrizo Plain Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. nevadensis)

Citation:

Notes on kit fox biology in Utah

Author(s)
Daneke, Dennis, Melvin Sunquist and Stephen Berwick
Pages
361-362
Year
Issue
3
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 1.4 calculated with Minimum Area Method km2 Female Adult 4 Pine Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 0.7 SD

Fresno Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides ssp. exilis)

Citation:

Observations on the natural history of the Fresno kangaroo rat

Author(s)
Culbertson, A.E.
Pages
189-193
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 2.2 g Both Male and Female Neonate 7 adults captured near Fresno Exposure Factor Datasets at birth Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)

Citation:

The relationship between food intake, body fat and reproductive inhibition in prairie deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii)

Author(s)
Cronin, Kim L. and Eric L. Bradley
Pages
669-673
Year
Issue
4
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean range of means for 6 sampling periods after founding g Both Male and Female Adult 16-30/group Exposure Factor Datasets 80 - 97 d Laboratory
Citation:

Reproduction by Peromyscus maniculatus: size and compromise

Author(s)
Myers, Philip and Lawrence L. Master
Pages
1-18
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Body Weight - Mean Range of mean body weights for females with varying litter sizes (2-9) g Female Adult 3 - 97 Exposure Factor Datasets Gestating - Lactating Laboratory
Citation:

Some factors affecting the distribution of the prairie vole, forest deer mouse, and prairie deer mouse.

Author(s)
Dice, Lee R.
Pages
29-47
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Water Ingestion Rate 0.126 total daily water intake (water drunk + water in food) at 21C cc/g/d Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)

Citation:

Life cycle characteristics of northern Peromyscus maniculatus borealis

Author(s)
Millar, J.S.
Pages
510-515
Year
Issue
4
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 33.6 g Female Adult 45 Original pairs trapped at Heart Lake, Northwest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets 1-2 d postpartum 0.7 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Demographic and life cycle characteristics of montane deer mice

Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Duncan G. Innes
Pages
574-585
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 1.70 g Both Male and Female Neonate 165 adults captured at Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets 0.02 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Energy requirements during reproduction of Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Stebbins, L.L.
Pages
1701-1704
Year
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 23.9 g Female Adult 8 captured in Lethbridge, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets lactating (end) 0.47 SE Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)

Citation:

Seasonal activity and feeding patterns in a population of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii)

Author(s)
Seabloom, Robert W., Robert G. Schwab and Susan C. Loeb
Pages
2238-2243
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Food Ingestion Rate 0.22 mean dry stomach content mass g Female Adult 90 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou 0.02 SE
Citation:

Metabolic characteristics of mountain, desert and coastal populations of Peromyscus

Author(s)
Murie, Martin
Pages
723-740
Year
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 3.26 resting oxygen consumption rate at 25C cc O2/g/hr Both Male and Female Not Reported 8 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.09 SE Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nebrascensis)

Citation:

Growth in two subspecies of Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Drickamer, Lee C. and Joan Bernstein
Pages
228-231
Year
Issue
1
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 3.7 pups/litter Female Adult 25 litters captured in Nebraska Exposure Factor Datasets 0.3 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Metabolic rate and its temperature-adaptive significance in six geographic races of Peromyscus

Author(s)
Hayward, J. S.
Pages
309-323
Year
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 18.93 g Not Reported Not Reported 5 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nubiterrae)

Citation:

Comparative population ecology of Peromyscus leucopus and Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Wolff, Jerry O.
Pages
1548-1555
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Mar. - Nov. (peaks; Apr.-June and Sept.-Oct.) time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Mountain Lake Biological Station, Giles County [lat., 37^010'N; long., 80^o30' W] Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. sonoriensis)

Citation:

An altitudinal survey of reproduction in Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Dunmire, William W.
Pages
174-182
Year
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality 88 annual mortality rate of post-weaned individuals calculated from age structure data % Both Male and Female Juvenile White Mountain (elev., 4500-7100 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. arizonae)

Citation:

The breeding biology of the desert cottontail in the Phoenix region, Arizona

Author(s)
Stout, Gene G.
Pages
47-51
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.7 estimated by uterine scar counts young/litter Female Adult Not Reported Phoenix Exposure Factor Datasets

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. vallicola)

Citation:

Ecology of a cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni) population in central California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
159 - 184
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean g Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. ubericolor)

Citation:

The breeding biology of the brush rabbit population.

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A. and Amy L. Harman
Pages
816-823
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size range of mean litter sizes over 2 yrs, based on embryo and placental scar counts young/litter Female Adult 9-15/yr E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets

Ornate Shrew (Sorex ornatus)

Citation:

Minimum and maximum metabolic rates of Sorex sinuosus

Author(s)
Newman, James R. and Robert L. Rudd
Pages
371-380
Year
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 0.5 g Not Reported Neonate Not Reported captured at San Pable and Suisun Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Broad-footed Mole (Scapanus latimanus)

Citation:

Feeding habits of the southern California mole

Author(s)
Grim, John Norman
Pages
265-268
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Water Ingestion Rate cc/24 hr Not Reported Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Litter size and postnatal growth rate in the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus

Author(s)
Bassett, John E.
Pages
317-319
Year
Issue
2
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Growth Rate 2.569 slope of growth curve of % adult forearm length per d, 0-22 d of age %/d Both Male and Female Juvenile 63 bats Napa, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Napa r^2=0.94
Citation:

Effect of climatic variation on reproduction by pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus)

Author(s)
Lewis, Susan E.
Pages
1429-1433
Year
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 21.7 mean body weight for lactating females g Female Adult 39 John Day River Valley, 44deg 55' N, 120deg 27' W Exposure Factor Datasets breeding 2.03 SD
Citation:

Natural history of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (LeConte)

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying late Oct.-Nov. period over which copulation occurs Both Male and Female Adult 1 male, 5 females Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo
Citation:

Physiological responses to high environmental temperatures in three species of microchiropteran bats

Author(s)
Licht, Paul, and Philip Leitner
Pages
371-387
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Inhalation Rate breathing rate of resting animals at 25 C breaths/min Not Reported Adult Not Reported 50 mi. NE of Berkeley (capture location) Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Variation in coyote diets associated with season and successional changes in vegetation

Author(s)
Andelt, William F., John G. Kie, Frederick F. Knowlton and Kean Cardwell
Pages
273-277
Year
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (64%); birds (1%); insects (10%); fruits (20%); misc. (5%) annual diet determined by averaging monthly food type percent occurrence, obtained from scats % Not Reported Not Reported 570-3610 scats/sample Welder Wildlife Refuge, Corpus Christi Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Movements of suburban and rural coyotes at Saguaro National Park, Arizona

Author(s)
Bounds, Dixie L. and William W. Shaw
Pages
94-121
Year
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 15.7 overall annual home range estimated using the minimum convex polygon method km2 Both Male and Female Adult 9 Saguaro National Park, Pima County (elev., 800-1300m) Exposure Factor Datasets 4.2 SE
Citation:

Coyote movements in Sagehen Creek basin, northeastern California

Author(s)
Hawthorne, Vernon M.
Pages
154-161
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean lbs Both Male and Female Juvenile 47 Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee (elev., 5000-6300 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Diets of coyotes near the boundary of Saguaro National Monument and Tucson, Arizona

Author(s)
McClure, Mark F., Norman S. Smith and William W. Shaw
Pages
101-125
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mesquite pods (29%); prickly pear fruit (16%); other plants(24%); rodent (28%); lagomorph (22%); mule deer (3%); other mammals (3%); dog food or human-related (35%); misc. (14%) annual % occurrence of prey items identified in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 667 scats suburban area near Saguaro National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Summer food habits of coyotes in central Wyoming

Author(s)
Springer, Joseph Tucker and J. Steven Smith
Pages
449-456
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition pronghorn antelope (55%); mule deer (5%), other native ungulate (3%); sciurids (21%); microtines (13%); cricetines (3%); unidentified cricetines (7%); western jumping mouse (1%); plant material (42%); coyote (22%); arthropods (18%) % frequency in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 404 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival of coyotes in southern Texas

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A., H. Leroy Anderson and Richard M. Engeman
Pages
301-307
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.70 overall annual survival rate (autumn-autumn), estimated over 4 yr periods Both Male and Female Adult 88 Webb County Exposure Factor Datasets > 1.5 yr 0.58 - 0.82 (95% CL)
Citation:

Seasonal variation in body mass and composition of eastern coyotes

Author(s)
Poulle, Marie Lazarine, Michel Crete and Jean Huot
Pages
1625 - 1633
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Fat (total or %) 9.5 % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 36 Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.3
Citation:

Coyote morphometric characteristics and mass dynamics in the San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L.
Pages
360-365
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 11.4 kg Male Juvenile 10 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 1yr Kern 0.2 SE
Citation:

Relationships among coyote food habits, prey populations, and habitat use

Author(s)
Reichel, James D.
Pages
133-137
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition voles (88.8%); deer mice (2.8%); other rodents (10.0%); deer (6.2%); other ungulates (11.0%); other mammals (0.8%); birds and eggs (7.6%); seeds and fruit (0.4%); insects (0.8%); unknown (4.8%) % frequency of occurrence of items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 250 National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Estimating coyote food intake from undigested residues in scats

Author(s)
Johnson, Mark K. and Richard M. Hansen
Pages
363-367
Year
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Sylvilagus spp. (39.7); Microtus montanus (15.9); Perognathus spp. (8.0); Spermophilus townsendii (6.5); Peromyscus maniculatus (5.7); Dipodomys ordii (6.6); Antilocapra americana (5.1); Eutamias minimus (3.6); Lepus californicus (3.4); Thomomys talpoides (3.0); reptiles (1.6); Centrocercus urophasianus (1.5); small birds (2.4) relative dry weight ingested, estimated from scats % Not Reported Not Reported 979 scats Idaho National Engineering Lab Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Some observations on coyote food habits in Pennsylvania

Author(s)
Witmer, G.W., M.J. Pipas and A. Hayden
Pages
77-80
Year
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition white-tailed deer (56.1%); mouse/vole (14.8%): cottontail rabbit (9.4%); woodchuck (10.6%); squirrel (5.2%); raccoon (5.2%); porcupine (2.9%); unidentified mammal hair (18.4%); feathers (10.3%); insects (18.1%); grass/sedge (35.5%); leaf fragments (15.2%); twigs/bark (6.4%); seeds/fruit (15.8%); other plants (2.9%); manmade materials (2.3%) % frequence of occurrence of major (>2%) food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 310 scats northcentral, southcentral and northeast regions Exposure Factor Datasets

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Gestation period in the long-tailed weasel

Author(s)
Hall, E. Raymond
Pages
249-250
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 4 young/litter Female Adult 1 captured at Tahoe City, California Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Winter and spring habits of weasels in central Iowa

Author(s)
Polderboer, Emmett B., Lee W. Kuhn and George O. Hendrickson
Pages
115-119
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Meadow mouse (42.37%); Harvest mouse (24.57%); Deer mouse (11.86%); Mearns cottontail (7.6%); Short-tailed shrew (5.92%); House mouse (2.54%); Tree sparrow (1.69%); Grasshopper (0.84%); Unidentified (2.54%) % frequency in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 97 scats Ames Exposure Factor Datasets

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Population characteristics of striped skunks in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Fuller, Todd K. and David W. Kuehn
Pages
813-815
Year
Issue
4
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.6 fetuses Female Both Adults and Juveniles 10 animals Exposure Factor Datasets 1-1.5 years 0.38 SE
Citation:

Care, management, and biology of captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Wade-Smith Julia and Milo E. Richmond
Pages
575-584
Year
Issue
5
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Survival/ Mortality 59.81 mortality 0-2 months % Both Male and Female Pup 321 pups Exposure Factor Datasets 0-2 months Laboratory
Citation:

Population characteristics and movements of striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) in central Alberta

Author(s)
Bjorge, Ronald R., John R. Gunson and William M. Samuel
Pages
149-155
Year
Issue
2
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density animals/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Hormonal and gestational evidence for delayed implantation in the striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis

Author(s)
Wade-Smith J., M. E. Richmond, R. A. Mead and H. Taylor
Pages
509-515
Year
Issue
4
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Time of Mating/ Laying 21 Feb-5 April Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Mephitis mephitis

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and B.J. Verts
Pages
1-7
Year
Volume
173
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
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