Mammals

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Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Lead poisoning in roadside populations of deer mice

Author(s)
Mierau, Gary W. and Blaise E. Favara
Pages
55-64
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD ACETATE no effect incidence of congenital malformations Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 breeding pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2-3 mo Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS Bone; 52.10 +/- 33.81SD, Kidney; 8.46 +/- 3.03SE, Liver; 3.29 +/- 1.77SD, Brain; 0.84 +/- 0.25SE, Feces; 153.6+/- 103.5SD ppm (dry weight) Mean concentrations in deer mice from roadside site (ppm, dry weight). Feces collected from nest box after 1 yr accumulation. Roadside tissue concentrations significantly different from control site. Both Male and Female Adult 9 - 10 animals Interstate 25, Denver (elev. 1884-2018 m) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Relationship between deer mouse population parameters and dieldrin contamination in the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge

Author(s)
Allen, Daniel L. and David L. Otis
Pages
243-250
Year
Volume
76
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DIELDRIN increase population size at contaminated vs reference sites Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN increase % of female deer mice exhibiting signs of reproduction increased as dieldrin levels increased at contaminated vs control sites Female Adult Not Reported Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Responses of a deer mouse population to a forest herbicide application: reproduction, growth, and survival

Author(s)
Sullivan, Thomas P. and Druscilla S. Sullivan
Year
Volume
59
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
GLYPHOSATE no effect proportion of trapped animals in breeding condition Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 151 Maple Ridge, BC Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE increase survival over summer and winter Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 545 Maple Ridge, BC Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE no effect juvenile growth rate (summer and fall) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 283 Maple Ridge, BC Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Influence of feeding chlorocholine chloride and glyphosine on selected immune parameters in deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Olson, Leon J. and Ronald D. Hinsdill
Pages
103-114
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
GLYPHOSATE increase @ 80 mg/kg bw/d plaque forming cell count/g spleen Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
GLYPHOSATE no effect reciprocal of hemolysin titer (against sheep rbc) Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CHLOROCHOLINE CHLORIDE increase @ 1, 20, 80 mg/kg bw/d liver weight to bw ratio Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CHLOROCHOLINE CHLORIDE increase @ 1-80 mg/kg thymus weight to bw ratios Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CHLOROCHOLINE CHLORIDE increase @ 80 mg/kg bw/d white blood cell counts Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Energy acquisition and allocation in Peromyscus maniculatus exposed to aldicarb and cool temperatures

Author(s)
French, Jr., John B. and Warren P. Porter
Pages
927-933
Year
Volume
6
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ALDICARB no effect food intake Female 8 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 29 - 32 d Laboratory
ALDICARB no effect growth rate estimated by changes in body weight Female 8 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 29 - 32 d Laboratory
ALDICARB no effect daily activity measured as time spend in burrow or moving in/out of burrow Female 8 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 29 - 32 d Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative toxicity of azinophos-methyl to house mice, laboratory mice, deer mice and gray-tailed voles

Author(s)
Meyers, S.M. and J.O. Wolff
Pages
478-482
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION) 48 mg/kg bw (95% CL: 39-74 mg/kg, slope = 2.57 +/- 0.73SE) LD50 Male Adult 5-7 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION) 1180 ppm diet (95% CL: 709-1485, slope = 1.88 +/- 0.57SE) LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 10 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION) 2425 ppm diet (95% CL: 1856-3245, slope = 1.45 +/- 0.25SE) LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 10 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of range treatment with 2,4-D on rodent populations

Author(s)
Johnson, Donald R. and Richard M. Hansen
Pages
125-132
Year
Issue
1
Volume
33
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DICHLOROPHENOXY-ACETIC ACID (2,4-) no effect changes in population density; treated versus control site Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 6 study areas/dose Gunnison County and Saquache County, (elev., 8500 - 9300 ft.) Toxicity Factor Datasets
DICHLOROPHENOXY-ACETIC ACID (2,4-) no effect mean litter size, based upon number of viable embryos or placental scars Female Adult 66-77 animals Gunnison County and Saquache County, (elev., 8500 - 9300 ft.) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Glyphosate treatment and deer mice in clearcut and forest

Author(s)
Ritchie, D. Chris, Alton S. Harestad and Ralph Archibald
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
GLYPHOSATE 0.29 relative density (vs. control) in sprayed area Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 285 Vancouver Island Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE decrease percent vegetation cover (vs control) in study area Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 285 Vancouver Island Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE no effect adult sex ratios Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 285 Vancouver Island Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE no effect age structure as indicated by number of juveniles trapped Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 285 Vancouver Island Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE increase mean number of foeti in trapped females Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 285 Vancouver Island Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Responses of deer mice to methiocarb and thiram seed treatments

Author(s)
Holm, Bobbi A., Ron J. Johnson, Donald D. Jensen and Walter W. Stroup
Year
Issue
3
Volume
52
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHIOCARB effect @ 0.03-0.5% suppression of feeding on treated corn Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 - 12 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
THIRAM effect at 0.03-0.5% suppression of feeding on treated corn Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 - 12 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Mercury and behavior in wild mouse populations

Author(s)
Burton, Gary V., Robert J. Alley, G. Lynn Rasmussen, Paul Orton, Vance Cox, Paul Jones and Darrell Graff
Pages
30-34
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
MERCURY COMPOUNDS increase and decrease decreased swimming ability, increased time for mouse to leave circle in center of field, decreased number of lines crossed and increased number of backward movements compared to a reference site Male Adult 7 - 14 animals Bird Island, Great Salt Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

The toxicity of chlorophacinone and diphacinone to deer mice

Author(s)
Marsh, Rex E., Walter E. Howard and Ronald E. Cole
Pages
298-301
Year
Issue
2
Volume
41
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIPHACINONE increase at 0.0025% Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CHLOROPHACINONE increase at 0.00125% Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DIPHACINONE increase @ 0.00125- 0.02% Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CHLOROPHACINONE increase @ 0.00125-0.02% Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Copper, zinc, and cadmium concentrations in Peromyscus maniculatus sampled near an abandoned copper mine

Author(s)
Laurinolli, M. and L.I. Bendell-Young
Pages
481-486
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, ZINC COMPOUNDS Diet:Soil; 128.0 (Cd), 1.31 (Cu), 1.87 (Zn). Liver:Soil; 35.3 (Cd), 0.17 (Cu), 1.25 (Zn). Liver:Diet; 0.27 (Cd), 0.12 (Cu), 0.66 (Zn). Ratio of metal concentrations (ug/g dry weight) in diet:soil, liver:soil and liver:diet at an abandoned mine site. Diet concentrations measured from stomach contents. Soil based on acid extractable concentrations. Soil copper; liver cadmium, copper an Both Male and Female Adult 6-9 soil or tissue samples/site Blue Grouse Mountain Copper Mine, Honeymoon Bay, Vancouver Island, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Influence of forest herbicide on deer mouse and Oregon vole population dynamics

Author(s)
Sullivan, Thomas P.
Pages
566-576
Year
Issue
4
Volume
54
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
GLYPHOSATE no effect recruitment measured as number of new animals that entered the population through reproduction or immigration in treated and control areas Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported University of British Columbia Research Forest, Maple Ridge, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE no effect body weight Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 67 - 138 animals University of British Columbia Research Forest, Maple Ridge, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE no effect growth rate, estimated by changes in body weight Both Male and Female Juvenile 23 - 55 University of British Columbia Research Forest, Maple Ridge, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Demographic responses of small mammal populations to a herbicide application in coastal coniferous forest: population density and resiliency

Author(s)
Sullivan, Thomas P.
Pages
874-883
Year
Volume
68
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
GLYPHOSATE no effect population density, compared to control site Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 trapping periods Maple Ridge, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE increase % of trapped males and females in breeding condition, compared to control site Both Male and Female Adult 24 - 62 animals Maple Ridge, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE no effect average duration of life during summer and winter periods Both Male and Female Adult 2 - 40 animals Maple Ridge, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Bioavailability of metals and arsenic to small mammals at a mining waste-contaminated wetland

Author(s)
Pascoe, G.A., R.J. Blanchet and G. Linder
Pages
44-50
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, LEAD COMPOUNDS, ZINC COMPOUNDS Arsenic, <0.02; Cadmium, 0.08; Copper, 3.4; Lead, <0.003; Zinc, 29.5 ug/g mean carcass concentration (ug/g wet wt.); mean deer mice body weight = 36.0 +/- 8.3SD, n=8 Not Reported Not Reported 8 animals Milltown Reservoir, Missoula Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Radiation dosimetry of small mammals inhabiting a liquid radioactive waste disposal area

Author(s)
Halford, Douglas K. and O. Doyle Markham
Pages
1047-1054
Year
Issue
5
Volume
59
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
RADIONUCLIDES 160 +/- 162SE mrem/d; range = 7-982 mrem/d whole animal dose estimated with implanted dosimeters Not Reported Not Reported 70 animals test reactor area, Idaho National Engineering Lab Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxicological foundations of ecological risk assessment: biomarker development and interpretration based on laboratory and wildlife species

Author(s)
Dickerson, Richard L., Michael J. Hooper, Nicholas W. Gard, George P. Cobb and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
65-69
Year
Issue
Supp.
Volume
102
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
METHYLCHLORANTHRENE (3-) 0.14 mg/kg/d ED50 for immunosuppression, measured as suppression of plaque forming cell response Male Juvenile Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 - 8 wk Laboratory
METHYLCHLORANTHRENE (3-) 1.24 mg/kg/d ED50 for ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) activity Male Juvenile Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 - 8 wk Laboratory
DIBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE (1,2,5,6-) 0.048 mg/kg/d ED50 for immunosuppression, measured as suppression of plaque forming cell response Male Juvenile Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 - 8 wk Laboratory
Citation:

Insecticide effects on small mammals: influence of vegetation structure and diet

Author(s)
Schauber, Eric M., W. Daniel Edge and Jerry O. Wolff
Pages
143-157
Year
Issue
1
Volume
7
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION) decrease @ 3.61 kg/ha population density in enclosures with mowed alfalfa Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 0-30 animals/enclosure; 4 enclosures/dose Hyslop Crop Science Field Laboratory, Corvallis Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Changes in terrestrial animal activity of a forest commuity after an application of aminocarb (Matacil)

Author(s)
Bracher, G.A. and J.R. Bider
Pages
1981-1997
Year
Volume
60
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
AMINOCARB no effect mean activity level estimated by frequency of crossing sand transects Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported southwestern Quebec [lat., 46^oN; long., 74^o10'W] Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Effects of dieldrin on homing and orientation in deer mice

Author(s)
Snyder, Ron L.
Pages
362-364
Year
Issue
2
Volume
38
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DIELDRIN decrease at 5 mg/kg homing orientation test, measured as time in maze pointing to capture site Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 animals/dose NR Toxicity Factor Datasets

Desert Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus)

Citation:

Primary and secondary hazards of three rodenticides to kit fox

Author(s)
Schitoskey, Frank, Jr.
Pages
416-418
Year
Issue
2
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
ZINC PHOSPHIDE 93 mg/kg bw (95% CI; 62-140 mg/kg) LD50 Not Reported Adult 2 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDD (4,4'-) 0.1 ppm; range, <0.1-0.3 ppm (wet wt) mean and range of concentration in carcass, wet wt Both Male and Female Adult 4 bats near cities Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) 1.8 ppm; range, 0.6-3.8 ppm (wet wt) mean and range of concentration in carcass, wet wt Both Male and Female Adult 4 bats near cities Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Antrozous pallidus

Author(s)
Hermanson, John W. and Thomas J. O'Shea
Pages
1-8
Year
Volume
213
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality Review Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Longevity of captive mammals

Author(s)
Jones, Marvin L.
Pages
113-128
Year
Issue
2
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Longevity 57 captive longevity record mo Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Natural history of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (LeConte)

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Body Weight - Mean 34.7 g Female Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo late pregnancy
Citation:

Evaporative water losses of the pallid bat

Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Harold E. White
Pages
452-58
Year
Issue
4
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Inhalation Rate see citation figure of breaths/minute over time Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Chlorinated benzenes as physiological markers for coyotes

Author(s)
Johnston, John J., Lamar A. Windberg, Carol A. Furcolow, Richard M. Engeman and Marianna Roetto
Pages
410-421
Year
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
PENTACHLOROBENZENE no effect serum chemistry and hematological profile, compared to control Both Male and Female Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 - 12 yrs Laboratory
PENTACHLOROBENZENE see citation figures of feces and serum concentrations over time at the tested doses Both Male and Female Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 - 12 yrs Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative acute oral toxicity of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) in mammals and birds

Author(s)
Savarie, Peter J., Huo Ping Pan, David J. Hayes, Jerry D. Roberts, Gary J. Dasch, Robert Felton and Edward W. Schafer, Jr.
Pages
122-126
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARA-AMINOPROPIOPHENONE 5.6 [3.0-10.4 (95% CI)] mg/kg LD50 Not Reported Not Reported 4/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Efficacy and safety of diphacinone as a predacide

Author(s)
Savarie, P.J., D.J. Hayes, R.T. McBride and J.D. Roberts
Pages
69-79
Publisher
American Society for Testing and Materials
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIPHACINONE 0.6 [0.3 - 1.2 (95% CL)] mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 2/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of lithium chloride in coyote pup diet

Author(s)
Burns, Richard J.
Pages
350-356
Year
Volume
50
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LITHIUM CHLORIDE decrease @ 18g/1500 g/d body weight gain in nursing pups of mothers fed LiCl contaminated diet Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 4 pups/2 adults Toxicity Factor Datasets 10-19d Laboratory
Citation:

Home range, activity and daily movements of coyotes

Author(s)
Andelt, William F. and Philip S. Gipson
Pages
944-951
Year
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 28.2 composite home range estimated by minimum area method km2 Male Adult 5 Lancaster and Cass Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 16.6 SD
Citation:

Canis latrans

Author(s)
Bekoff, Marc
Pages
1-9
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size review Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote movements in Sagehen Creek basin, northeastern California

Author(s)
Hawthorne, Vernon M.
Pages
154-161
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 24.25 lbs Male Adult 28 Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee (elev., 5000-6300 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote foods in southwestern Colorado

Author(s)
MacCracken, James G.
Pages
317-318
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Mammals: Sylvilagus sp. (50.6 - 73.1%); Lepus sp. (0 - 5.0%); Neotoma (0 - 5.5%); Microtus (0-11.1%); Cricetid mice (1.2-8.9%); Bos taurus (1.9 - 7.9%); Odocoileus hemionus (3.6 - 15.5%) range of % relative dry weight of major food items (>5%) measured at 3 sites, based on scat analysis % Not Reported Not Reported 42 - 48/ site Montezuma, La Plata and Saguache Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote diets associated with seasonal mule deer activities in California

Author(s)
Smith, James R.
Pages
78-82
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition mule deer (3%); small mammals (30%); birds (6%); reptiles (6%); insects (8%); fruits (64%); other (4%) % frequency of food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 216 Sierra National Forest (elev. 300 -3900 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Citation:

Body size and condition of coyotes in southern Texas

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A., Richard M. Engeman and Jeffrey F. Bromaghin
Pages
47 - 52
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean range of means for two adult age groups; excluding those in latter half of gestation kg Female Adult 43-66 Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets >2.5 - >3.0 yrs
Citation:

Age distribution and weights of coyotes in northwestern Texas

Author(s)
Meinzer, Wyman P. and Fred S. Guthery
Pages
275-278
Year
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean 7.9 (0.5yr); 9.8 (1.5 yr); 11.0 (2.5 yr); 11.5(3.5 yr); 10.8 (4.5 yr); 11.6 (5.5 yr); 10.4 (6.5 yr); 10.9 (>7.5 yr) average body weights at various ages kg Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 - 121/age King and Knox counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 - >7.5 yr
Citation:

Ecology of coyotes in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Berg, William E. and Robert A. Chesness
Pages
229-247
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range prior to dispersal km2 Both Male and Female Juvenile 50 Aitkin and Itasca counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavioral ecology of coyotes on the National Elk Refuge, Jackson, Wyoming

Author(s)
Camenzind, Franz J.
Pages
267-296
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density peak density #/km2 Not Reported Adult Not Reported National Elk Refuge, Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range and habitat use of coyotes in a farm region of Vermont

Author(s)
Person, David K. and David H. Hirth
Pages
433-441
Year
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 17.1 km2 Female Adult 4 Champlain Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 3.2 SE
Citation:

Food and population characteristics of Iowa coyotes

Author(s)
Mathwig, Herbert J.
Pages
167-189
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 6 maximum age in field yrs Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Effects of low OP dose on seed/bead discrimination in the kangaroo rat, Dipodomys

Author(s)
Peterle, T. J. and R. Bentley
Pages
95-100
Year
Volume
43
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLPARATHION 18-19 % decrease brain cholinesterase activity, compared to control Both Male and Female Adult 2 animals Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
METHYLPARATHION 97.1 mg/kg (95% CI, 42.6-178.6 mg/kg) LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 3-4 animals/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of chemical smokes on flora and fauna under field and laboratory exposures

Author(s)
Schaeffer, D.J., Edward W. Novak, William R. Lower, Armon Yanders, Shubendar Kapila and Richard Wang
Pages
301-315
Year
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
HEXACHLOROETHANE no effect sister chromatid exchange counts, compared to controls Not Reported Not Reported 3-4/group Goldstone, Fort Irwin Toxicity Factor Datasets

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Potential heavy metal influence on the death of several species of pinnipeds

Author(s)
Van Heekeren, A. and Edwin J. Skoch
Pages
51-61
Year
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, LEAD COMPOUNDS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, ZINC COMPOUNDS increase incidence of epileptiform seizures and subsequent death associated with "unusual" Se levels Female Adult 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Premature birth in California sea lions: Association with high organochlorine pollutant residue levels.

Author(s)
DeLong, Robert L., William G. Gilmartin and John G. Simpson
Pages
1168-1170
Year
Issue
4105
Volume
181
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of premature parturtion associated with elevated DDT and PCB residues, compared to full term parturient group Female Adult 4-6/group San Miguel Island Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 - 15 yrs
Citation:

Selenium toxicosis in three California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Author(s)
Edwards, William C., D. L. Whitenack, J. W. Alexander and M. A., Solangi
Pages
568-570
Year
Issue
6
Volume
31
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS 36.11 - 88.4 ug/g wet wt (liver); 7.12 - 32.8 ug/g wet wt (kidney) selenium concentration range in liver and kidney of dead animals Not Reported Not Reported 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Premature parturition in the Califonia sea lion

Author(s)
Gilmartin, W. G., R. L. DeLong, A. W. Smith, J. C. Sweeney, B. W. De Lappe, R. W. Risebrough, L. A. Griner, M. D. Dailey and D. B. Peakall
Pages
104-115
Year
Issue
1
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of premature parturition associated with elevated DDT and PCB levels, compared to full term parturient group Female Adult 10/group San Miguel Island Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 - 14 yrs
Citation:

Heavy metal and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus californianus)

Author(s)
Buhler, D. R., R. R. Clayes and B. R. Mate
Pages
2391-2397
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, DDT (Technical Grade Mixture), MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of kidney histopathological lesions in "sick" or dead animals compared to "healthy" animals, consistent with diagnosis of leptospirosis Male Adult 2-8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 5 - 9 yr
Citation:

Mercury-selenium-bromine imbalance in premature parturient California sea lions

Author(s)
Martin, J.H., P.D. Elliott, V.C. Anderlini, D. Girvin, S.A. Jacobs, R.W. Risebrough, R.L. Delong and W.G. Gilmartin
Pages
91-104
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
BROMINE COMPOUNDS, CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, MANGANESE COMPOUNDS, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SILVER COMPOUNDS, ZINC COMPOUNDS increase incidence of premature parturition correlated with different metal concentrations and ratios Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding biology of the California Sea lion, Zalophus californianus

Author(s)
Odell, D. K.
Pages
374-378
Year
Volume
169
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Territory Size 130 territory size during breeding m2 Male Adult 20 territories San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Air temperature and direct partitional calorimetry of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)

Author(s)
South, F.E., R. H. Luecke, M. L. Zatzman and M. D. Shanklin
Pages
27-30
Year
Issue
1
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean kg Female Juvenile 2 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Milk and energy intakes of suckling California Sea Lions (Z. californicus) pups in relation to sex, growth and predicted maintenance requirements

Author(s)
Oftedal, Olav T., Sara J. Iverson and Daryl J. Boness
Pages
560-575
Year
Issue
5
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Food Ingestion Rate daily energy intake estimated from milk intake; range of means for 2 yrs kcal/d Male Pup 5-9/yr San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets 1 mo

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Differential toxicity and taste aversion to strychnine of three subspecies of the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Howard, Walter E., Stephen D. Palmateer, and Rex E. Marsh
Pages
107-112
Publisher
University of California, Davis
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
STRYCHNINE increase at 6.7-44.5 mg/kg bw Both Male and Female Not Reported 3-5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Fluoroacetate residues in ground squirrel and coyote tissues due to primary or secondary 1080 poisoning

Author(s)
Casper, Howard H., Michael E. Mount, Rex E. Marsh and Robert H. Schmidt
Pages
441-442
Year
Volume
69
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE 182-1309 ppb wet wt. @ 0.8 mg/kg; 535-9754 ppb wet wt. @ 4.8 mg/kg range of fluoroacetate residues in brain, caecum, kidney, liver, spleen, muscle and lung tissue of dead squirrels Not Reported Adult 2/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Hazards to wildlife associated with 1080 baiting for California ground squirrels

Author(s)
Hegdal, Paul L., Kathleen A. Fagherstone, Thomas A. Gatz, James F. Glahn and George H. Matschke
Pages
11-21
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE decrease @ 6.7 kg/ha population size Not Reported Not Reported 38.7-54.2 mean squirrel population size range Exeter, Tulare Toxicity Factor Datasets Tulare

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Physiologic and toxic effects on sea otters

Author(s)
Geraci, Joseph R. and Thomas D. Williams
Pages
211-221
Publisher
Academic Press, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CRUDE OILS review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) activities within the vicinity of the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant, 1973-1978

Author(s)
Benech, S.V.
Pages
33-44
Year
Volume
1979
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 150 population density for resident and non-resident animals (see citation for map of study area) animals per study area Both Male and Female Not Reported 15-170 Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant; Point San Luis to Point Buchon Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range and territoriality of sea otters near Monterey, California

Author(s)
Loughlin, T.R.
Year
Issue
3
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 54 population density, 1975 - 1977 Animals per study area Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 54 Monterey, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Citation:

Reproduction, survival and tag loss in California sea otters

Author(s)
Siniff, Donald B., and Katherine Ralls
Pages
211-229
Year
Issue
3
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 0.58 pup survival rate to weaning Not Reported Juvenile 19 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The sea otter in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Author(s)
Kenyon, Karl W.
Pages
1-352
Year
Issue
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 4 yr Female Juvenile Not Reported Amchitka Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Acute toxcicity of sodium monofluoroacetate to the striped skunk

Author(s)
Eastland Warren G. and Samuel L. Beasom
Pages
934-936
Year
Volume
38
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE 0.347 mg/kg (95% CI; 0.212 - 0.541 mg/kg) median lethal dose Not Reported Not Reported 5-6 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Care, management, and biology of captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Wade-Smith Julia and Milo E. Richmond
Pages
575-584
Year
Issue
5
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 8 weeks Both Male and Female Pup 2-12 litters Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Reproduction in captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and Milo E. Richmond
Pages
452-455
Year
Issue
2
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Sample Size Location Type Lab
Time of Hatching or Parturition second half of July second estrus Both Male and Female 4 females Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Allometrische Untersuchungen an Organgewichten von Musteliden

Author(s)
Drescher, H. E.
Pages
35-77
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean 3063 without fur g Female Not Reported 2 females Manitoba; Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Mephitis mephitis

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and B.J. Verts
Pages
1-7
Year
Volume
173
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Food Ingestion Rate review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris ssp. nereis)

Citation:

Butyltin residues in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) found dead along California coastal waters

Author(s)
Kannan, Kurunthachalam, Keerthi S. Guruge, Nancy J. Thomas, Shinsuke Tanabe and John P. Giesy
Pages
1169-1175
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
TIN, BUTYL increase otters that died of infectious disease contained butyltin liver concentrations greater than those that died of trauma Both Male and Female Adult 8-14 animals Toxicity Factor Datasets

Ornate Shrew (Sorex ornatus)

Citation:

Age, sex, and weight comparisons in three species of shrews

Author(s)
Rudd, Robert L.
Pages
323-338
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 21 d Female Adult Not Reported San Francisco Bay region Exposure Factor Datasets

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Citation:

Water economy of two desert canids: Coyote and kit fox

Author(s)
Golightly, Richard T. and Robert D. Ohmart
Pages
51-58
Year
Issue
1
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 101 estimated daily food intake based on a desert kangaroo diet (7.38 kJ/g wet wt) and calculated daily energy requirements (see Golightly, 1981) g/d Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Growth and behavior of a litter of captive long-tailed weasels

Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C.
Pages
412-415
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Growth Rate see citation figure of body weight (g) vs estimated age (d) g/d Both Male and Female Juvenile 7 captured at Delta, Manitoba, Canada Exposure Factor Datasets 35 - 100 d Laboratory
Citation:

Metabolism of weasels: The cost of being long and thin

Author(s)
Brown, James H. and Robert C. Lasiewski
Pages
939-943
Year
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.84 standard metabolic rate at 32C, determined from oxygen consumption kcal/hr Female Adult 4 captured in White Pine County, NV Exposure Factor Datasets 0.12 SD Laboratory
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