CA | CalEcotox

Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus)

Citation:

Survival and natal dispersal of juvenile Snowy Plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) in central coastal California.

Author(s)

Stenzel, L.E., Page, G.W., Warriner, J.C., Warriner, J.S., George, D.E., Eyster, C.R., Ramer, B.A. and Neuman, K.K.

Issue

3

Volume

124
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Survival/ Mortality	0.463	Modeled survival from fledgling to following April	B	Juvenile	Central coast California	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	0.018
Survival/ Mortality	0.691	Modeled survival from fledgling to following April	B	Adult	Central coast California	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	0.033

Citation:

Male‐skewed adult sex ratio, survival, mating opportunity and annual productivity in the Snowy Plover Charadrius alexandrinus.

Author(s)

Stenzel, L.E., Page, G.W., Warriner, J.C., Warriner, J.S., Neuman, K.K., George, D.E., Eyster, C.R. and Bidstrup, F.C.

Issue

2

Volume

153
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries	Error
Survival/ Mortality	0.734	Modeled survival	seasons	M	Adult	354	Monterey Bay	Exposure Factor Datasets	Monterey	USA	0.028
Survival/ Mortality	0.693	Modeled survival	seasons	F	Adult	346	Monterey Bay	Exposure Factor Datasets	Monterey	USA	0.03

Citation:

Snowy Plover reproductive success in beach and river habitats.

Author(s)

Colwell, M.A., Millett, C.B., Meyer, J.J., Hall, J.N., Hurley, S.J., McAllister, S.E., Transou, A.N. and LeValley, R.R.

Issue

4

Volume

76
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Hatching Success	2001: 59, 2002: 48, 2003: 76, 2004: 60	Chick success: % chicks that survived 28 d	%		Chick	Eel River gravel bars	Exposure Factor Datasets	Humboldt	USA
Hatching Success	2001: 39, 2002: 11, 2003: 14, 2004: 44	Chick success: % chicks that survived 28 d	%		Chick	Beach sites	Exposure Factor Datasets	Humboldt	USA
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis	28 d posthatch		d posthatch	B	Fledgling		Exposure Factor Datasets	Humboldt	USA

Citation:

Movements and fledging success of snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) chicks.

Author(s)

Wilson, C.A. and Colwell, M.A.

Issue

3

Volume

33
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries	Error
Home Range		Cumulative homerange by chick age		B	Chick		Clam Beach	Exposure Factor Datasets	Humboldt	USA
Home Range	1027	Adults tending broods in first 10 d	m	B	Adult	29	Clam Beach	Exposure Factor Datasets	Humboldt	USA	172
Home Range	Inside fence: 780, outside fence: 1353	Daily distance from nest	m	M	Adult	Inside fence: 5, outside fence: 5	Clam Beach	Exposure Factor Datasets	Humboldt	USA	Inside fence: 90, outside fence: 90
Home Range	Inside fence: 438, outside fence: 732	Daily distance from nest	m	M	Adult	Inside fence: 10, outside fence: 9	Clam Beach	Exposure Factor Datasets	Humboldt	USA	Inside fence:42, outside fence: 65

Citation:

Age-related survival and behavior of Snowy Plover chicks.

Author(s)

Colwell, M.A., Hurley, S.J., Hall, J.N. and Dinsmore, S.J.

Issue

3

Volume

109
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Life Cycle Stage	Type	Countries
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis	Review		d posthatch	Fledgling	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Survival/ Mortality	Review	Percent mortality	%	Fledgling	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Survival/ Mortality	Review	Timing of mortality	d posthatch	Fledgling	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Apparent survival of snowy plovers (Charadrius nivosus) varies with reproductive effort and year and between sexes.

Author(s)

Colwell, M.A., Pearson, W.J., Eberhart-Phillips, L.J. and Dinsmore, S.J.

Issue

4

Volume

130
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Survival/ Mortality	2.3	Average longevity	y	M	Adult	102	Humboldt, Del Norte, & Mendocino Counties	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	1.6
Survival/ Mortality	1.9	Average longevity	y	F	Adult	123	Humboldt, Del Norte, & Mendocino Counties	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	1.2

Citation:

Recent Snowy Plover population increase arises from high immigration rate in coastal northern California.

Author(s)

Colwell, M.A., Feucht, E.J., Lau, M.J., Orluck, D.J., McAllister, S.E. and Transou, A.N.

Issue

1

Volume

124
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries
Population Density	See citation Figure 2	Number of breeding adults/area by year	B	Adult	See citation		Exposure Factor Datasets	Humboldt	Breeding	USA

Citation:

Lifetime reproductive success of Snowy Plovers in coastal northern California.

Author(s)

Herman, D.M. and Colwell, M.A.

Issue

3

Volume

117
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries	Error
Longevity	2.3	Lifespan of birds attaining >1y	y	132	Beaches & Eel River	Exposure Factor Datasets	Humboldt	USA	1.8

Citation:

Status of breeding and wintering snowy plovers in San Diego County, California, 1994–1999.

Author(s)

Powell, A.N., Fritz, C.L., Peterson, B.L. and Terp, J.M.

Issue

2

Volume

73
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Time of Hatching or Parturition	See citation Figure 3	Embryo	801 nests		Exposure Factor Datasets	San Diego	USA

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) eggs from California correlate with diet and human population density.

Author(s)

Newsome, S.D., Park, J.S., Henry, B.W., Holden, A., Fogel, M.L., Linthicum, J., Chu, V. and Hooper, K.

Issue

13

Volume

44
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	See citation Figure 4	Identifiable prey	Adult	Urban: 10, nonurban: 11 nests		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Prey Species as possible sources of PBDE exposures for peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) nesting in major California cities.

Author(s)

Park, J.S., Fong, A., Chu, V., Holden, A., Linthicum, J. and Hooper, K.

Issue

3

Volume

60
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	See citation Figure 2	Identifiable prey	Coastal: 30, urban: 31	Coastal vs. urban populations	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)

Citation:

Metapopulation dynamics of the California least tern.

Author(s)

Akçakaya, H.R., Atwood, J.L., Breininger, D., Collins, C.T. and Duncan, B.

Issue

4

Volume

67
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Hatching Success	Review	Fledglings per nest	522	Venice Beach	Exposure Factor Datasets	Los Angeles	USA

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia)

Citation:

Distribution and abundance of western burrowing owls (Athene Cunicularia hypugaea) in southeastern California.

Author(s)

Wilkerson, R.L. and Siegel, R.B.

Issue

3

Volume

56
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	Countries
Population Density	See citation Table1	Breeding pairs/sq km	B	Adult	Northern Mojave Desert-eastern Sierra Nevada	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Diet and food-niche breadth of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in the Imperial Valley, California.

Author(s)

York, M.M., Rosenberg, D.K. and Sturm, K.K.

Issue

3

Volume

62
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Dietary Composition	Aranedia: 31.5, Coloptera: 51.9, Dermaptera: 64.8, Isopoda: 3.7, Lepidoptera: 14.8, Orthoptera: 98.2, Rodentia: 3.7, Solipugida: 40.7	Percent frequency of occurrence in stomach contents	%	NR	Not Reported	53	Calipatria State Prison	Exposure Factor Datasets	Imperial	USA

Citation:

Seabirds as part of migratory owl diet on Southeast Farallon Island, California.

Author(s)

Mills, K.

Volume

44
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	Mice: 57.0, Insects: 31.6, Petrels 32.9, Auklet: 2.5, Unknown bird: 10.1	Percent frequency of occurrence	%	NR	Not Reported	79	Southeast Farallon Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

The diet of western burrowing owls in an urban landscape.

Author(s)

Trulio, L.A. and Higgins, P.

Issue

3

Volume

72
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Dietary Composition	See citation Figure 1	Percent biomass/burrow		Exposure Factor Datasets	Santa Clara	USA

Citation:

Long‐term population dynamics of a managed burrowing owl colony.

Author(s)

Barclay, J.H., Korfanta, N.M. and Kauffman, M.J.

Issue

6

Volume

75
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Population Density	See citation Figure 2	Number of pairs (temporal)	Managed vegetated areas on Norman Y. Mineta San Jose International Airport (SJC) in San Jose< CA	Exposure Factor Datasets	Santa Clara	USA

Citation:

Association of Sex, Fledging Date, and Sibling Relationships with Post-Fledging Movements of Burrowing Owls in a Nonmigratory Population in the Imperial Valley, California.

Author(s)

Catlin, D.H. and Rosenberg, D.K.

Issue

2

Volume

48
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries	Error
Foraging Distance	1762	Distance moved from nest post-fledging	m	F	Juvenile	21	El Centro	Exposure Factor Datasets	Imperial	USA	630
Foraging Distance	397	Distance moved from nest post-fledging	m	M	Juvenile	8	El Centro	Exposure Factor Datasets	Imperial	USA	124

Citation:

Burrowing Owl Diet at a Migratory Stopover Site and Wintering Ground on Southeast Farallon Island, California.

Author(s)

Chandler, S.L., Tietz, J.R., Bradley, R.W. and Trulio, L.

Issue

4

Volume

50
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Dietary Composition	Rodentia: 27.8, Procellariiformes: 5.3, Charadriiformes: 0.1, Passeriformes: 0.2, Unknown bird: 0.7, Arachnida: 0.4, Orthoptera: 28.1, Dermaptera: 0.2, Coleoptera: 32.3, Lepidoptera: 3.8, Lithobiomorpha: 0.6, Peracarida/amphipoda: 0.3, Isopoda: 0.2, Unknown arthropod: 0.1	Percent of total in pellets	%	NR	Not Reported	679	Southeast Farallon Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Francisco	USA

Citation:

Intraspecific variation in reproductive traits of burrowing owls.

Author(s)

Conway, M., Nadeau, C.P. and Conway, C.J.

Issue

3

Volume

30
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries	Error
Clutch or Litter Size	7.4	Number of eggs	eggs	Embryo	92	Southern portion of the Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge	Exposure Factor Datasets	Imperial	Breeding	USA	1.9

Citation:

Space use and pesticide exposure risk of male burrowing owls in an agricultural landscape.

Author(s)

Gervais, J.A., Rosenberg, D.K. and Anthony, R.G.

Issue

1

Volume

67
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Home Range	139 [1-277 (95%CI)]	Mean by 95% fixed-kernel	ha	M	Adult	9	Naval Air Station Lemoore	Exposure Factor Datasets	Fresno	USA
Home Range	177 [52-302 (95% CI)]	Mean by 100% MCP	ha	M	Adult	11	Naval Air Station Lemoore	Exposure Factor Datasets	Fresno	USA
Home Range	98 [64-132 (95% CI)]	Mean by 95% fixed-kernel	ha	M	Adult	19	Naval Air Station Lemoore	Exposure Factor Datasets	Fresno	USA
Home Range	189 [122-256 (95% CI)]	Mean by 100% MCP	ha	M	Adult	22	Naval Air Station Lemoore	Exposure Factor Datasets	Fresno	USA

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata)

Citation:

Terrestrial habitat use by Pacific pond turtles in a Mediterranean climate.

Author(s)

Rathbun, G.B., Scott Jr, N.J. and Murphey, T.G.
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries
Time of Nesting	May 28-June 30	Adult	15	Cambria	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Luis Obispo	Gravid	USA

Citation:

Survival of the western pond turtle (Emys marmorata) in an urban California environment.

Author(s)

Spinks, P.Q., Pauly, G.B., Crayon, J.J. and Shaffer, H.B.

Issue

2

Volume

113
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Population Density	53 [48-66 (95% CI)]	Model calculation	Individuals in 10 acre waterway	Both Adults and Juveniles		Exposure Factor Datasets	Yolo	USA
Population Density	49	Model calculation	Individuals in 10 acre waterway	Both Adults and Juveniles		Exposure Factor Datasets	Yolo	USA

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Roosting Brown Pelicans at San Nicolas Island, California, 1972–2006.

Author(s)

Capitolo, P.J., Carter, H.R., Jaques, D.L., Mcchesney, G.J., Mciver, W.R., Keeney, T.W. and Smith, G.

Issue

3

Volume

35
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Population Density	0-910	Number of individuals/90 sq km (temporal)	San Nicolas Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	Ventura	USA

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Nutritional quality of natural foods of juvenile and adult desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii): calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium digestibility.

Author(s)

Hazard, L.C., Shemanski, D.R. and Nagy, K.A.

Issue

1

Volume

44
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Age-Specific	California Counties	Countries	Error
Growth Rate	0.139	Voluntary consumption of M. glabrata forb	% mass change/day	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	10	University of California, Los Angeles	Exposure Factor Datasets	0.5-1.5 y old	Los Angeles	USA	0.128
Growth Rate	0.162	Voluntary consumption of E. cicutarium forb	% mass change/day	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	10	University of California, Los Angeles	Exposure Factor Datasets	0.5-1.5 y old	Los Angeles	USA	0.133
Growth Rate	-0.045	Voluntary consumption of A. hymenoides grass	% mass change/day	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	10	University of California, Los Angeles	Exposure Factor Datasets	0.5-1.5 y old	Los Angeles	USA	0.038
Growth Rate	-0.043	Voluntary consumption of S. barbatus grass	% mass change/day	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	10	University of California, Los Angeles	Exposure Factor Datasets	0.5-1.5 y old	Los Angeles	USA	0.025

Citation:

Desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) are selective herbivores that track the flowering phenology of their preferred food plants.

Author(s)

Jennings, W.B. and Berry, K.H.

Issue

1

Volume

10
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Dietary Composition	See citation Table 6	B	Adult	18	Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area, eastern Kern County, California	Exposure Factor Datasets	Kern	USA
Dietary Composition	See citation Table 8	B	Adult	18	Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area, eastern Kern County, California	Exposure Factor Datasets	Kern	USA

Citation:

Climatic variation affects clutch phenology in Agassiz’s desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii.

Author(s)

Lovich, J., Agha, M., Meulblok, M., Meyer, K., Ennen, J., Loughran, C., Madrak, S. and Bjurlin, C.

Issue

1

Volume

19
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying	See citation Figure 2	Clutch phenology	F	Adult	Mesa wind farm near Palm Springs, CA	Exposure Factor Datasets	Riverside	Gravid	USA

Citation:

Relative abundance and demographic structure of Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) along roads of varying size and traffic volume.

Author(s)

Nafus, M.G., Tuberville, T.D., Buhlmann, K.A. and Todd, B.D.

Volume

162
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Home Range	See citation	Burrow location relative to roadways	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	149-253	Mojave National Preserve	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Bernardino	USA

Citation:

Head-started desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii): movements, survivorship and mortality causes following their release.

Author(s)

Nagy, K.A., Scott Hillard, L., Tuma, M.W. and Morafka, D.J.

Issue

1

Volume

10
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Survival/ Mortality	See citation Figure 6; predation, exposure	Cause of death relative to body length	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	53	Fort Irwin National Training Center	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Bernardino	USA

Citation:

Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) thermal ecology and reproductive success along a rainfall cline.

Author(s)

Sieg, A.E., Gambone, M.M., Wallace, B.P., Clusella‐trullas, S., Spotila, J.R. and Avery, H.W.

Issue

3

Volume

10
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries	Error
Clutch or Litter Size	3.3	Clutch size	Number of eggs	Embryo	19	Ivanpah Valley	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Bernardino	USA	0.2
Clutch or Litter Size	3.4	Clutch size	Number of eggs	Embryo	15	Ivanpah Valley	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Bernardino	USA	0.2

Citation:

Survival during early life stages of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the south-central Mojave Desert.

Author(s)

Bjurlin, C.D. and Bissonette, J.A.

Issue

4

Volume

38
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Hatching Success	73.7	% normal neonate produced	%	Neonate	28	Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center, Twentynine Palms, CA	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Bernardino	USA
Hatching Success	67	% normal neonate produced	%	Neonate	63	Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center, Twentynine Palms, CA	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Bernardino	USA

Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)

Citation:

Xantusiid lizards have low energy, water, and food requirements.

Author(s)

Mautz, W.J. and Nagy, K.A.

Issue

4

Volume

73
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Water Ingestion Rate	Spring-summer adults: 0.117 [0.049 (95% CI)]; spring-summer juveniles: 0.074 [0.059 (95% CI)]; Autumn-winter adults: 0.135 [0.032 (95% CI)]; Autumn-winter juveniles: 0.054 [0.036 (95% CI)]	mL/d	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	Spring-summer adults: 5; spring-summer juveniles: 4; Autumn-winter adults: 8; Autumn-winter juveniles: 4	Wilson Cove, San Clemente Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	Los Angeles	USA
Body Weight - Mean	Spring-summer adults: 15.3 [4.7 (95% CI)]; spring-summer juveniles: 4.13 [2.23 (95% CI)]; Autumn-winter adults: 16.3 [3.0 (95% CI)]; Autumn-winter juveniles: 1.50 [0.55 (95% CI)]	g	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	Spring-summer adults: 5; spring-summer juveniles: 4; Autumn-winter adults: 8; Autumn-winter juveniles: 4	Wilson Cove, San Clemente Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	Los Angeles	USA
Metabolic Rate	Spring-summer adults: 28.7 [7.2 (95% CI)]; spring-summer juveniles: 13.2 [6.8 (95% CI)]; Autumn-winter adults: 30.3 [4.2 (95% CI)]; Autumn-winter juveniles: 4.80 [2.79 (95% CI)]	mL CO2/d	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	Spring-summer adults: 5; spring-summer juveniles: 4; Autumn-winter adults: 8; Autumn-winter juveniles: 4	Wilson Cove, San Clemente Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	Los Angeles	USA

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Amphibian populations in the terrestrial environment: Is there evidence of declines of terrestrial forest amphibians in northwestern California?

Author(s)

Welsh Jr, H.H., Fellers, G.M. and Lind, A.J.

Issue

41
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Population Density	See citation Table 1	21-150 ha	Individuals captured	NR	Not Reported	2420		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Early development of Ensatina eschscholtzii: an amphibian with a large, yolky egg.

Author(s)

Collazo, A. and Keller, R.

Issue

6

Volume

1
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying	See citation	F	Adult	19		Exposure Factor Datasets	Lab	Gravid	USA

California Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus)

Citation:

Unusual subterranean aggregations of the California Giant Salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus.

Author(s)

Fellers, G.M., Wood, L.L., Carlisle, S. and Pratt, D.

Volume

5
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Population Density	28	Removed drainage culvert; 2.1 m wide x 1.4 m high x 12.2 m long	Individuals captured	B	Adult	Estero Road, Point Reyes National Seashore	Exposure Factor Datasets	Marin	USA
Population Density	45	Removed drainage culvert; 1.2 m diameter x 12.2 m long	Individuals captured	B	Adult	Glenbrook Creek, Point Reyes National Seashore	Exposure Factor Datasets	Marin	USA

Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora)

Citation:

Terrestrial activity and conservation of adult California red-legged frogs Rana aurora draytonii in coastal forests and grasslands.

Author(s)

Bulger, J.B., Scott, N.J. and Seymour, R.B.

Issue

1

Volume

110
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries
Time of Migration or Dispersal	January 29-May 1	Post-breeding migration	Adult	26-Aug	Scott Creek watershed	Exposure Factor Datasets	Santa Cruz	Post-breeding	USA

Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma inornata)

Citation:

Population dynamics of a threatened sand dune lizard.

Author(s)

Barrows, C.W.

Issue

4

Volume

51
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Dietary Composition	See citation		Not Reported	Thousand Palms Preserve	Exposure Factor Datasets	Riverside	USA
Population Density	See citation	Population growth, r	Not Reported	Thousand Palms Preserve	Exposure Factor Datasets	Riverside	USA

Citation:

Is the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata) on the edge of extinction at Thousand Palms Preserve in California?

Author(s)

Chen, X., Barrows, C.W. and Li, B.L.

Issue

1

Volume

51
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Population Density	See citation	Mean hatchlings/ha	Hatchling	Thousand Palms Preserve	Exposure Factor Datasets	Riverside	USA

Giant Garter Snake (Thamnophis gigas)

Citation:

Giant Garter Snake Surveys at Some Areas of Historic Occupation in the Grassland Ecological Area, Merced Co., and Mendota Wildlife Area, Fresno Co., California.

Author(s)

Dickert, C.

Issue

4

Volume

91
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Body Weight - Mean	See citation Figures 4 & 5	Body weight relative to SVL	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	15-Nov	Mendota Wildife Area	Exposure Factor Datasets	Fresno	USA

Citation:

Abundance and sexual size dimorphism of the Giant Gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) in the Sacramento valley of California.

Author(s)

Wylie, G.D., Casazza, M.L., Gregory, C.J. and Halstead, B.J.

Issue

1

Volume

44
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Population Density	118 [111-132 (95% CI)]	Abundance estimates	NR	Not Reported	103	Badger Creek: 240 ha	Exposure Factor Datasets	Sacramento	USA
Population Density	177 [124-280 (95% CI)]	Abundance estimates	NR	Not Reported	88	Gilsizer Slough: 1,400 ha	Exposure Factor Datasets	Sutter	USA
Population Density	29 [22-53 (95% CI)]	Abundance estimates	NR	Not Reported	53	Colousa National Wildlife Reserve: 4,500 ha	Exposure Factor Datasets	Colusa	USA
Population Density	229 [199-276 (95% CI)]	Abundance estimates	NR	Not Reported	164	Natomas Basin: 21,600 ha	Exposure Factor Datasets	Sutter	USA

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Increased diphacinone and chlorophacinone metabolism in previously exposed wild caught voles, Microtus californicus.

Author(s)

Horak, K.E., Volker, S.F. and Campton, C.M.

Volume

78
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries	Error
Body Weight - Mean	39.1	g	F	Not Reported	21	Davis, California	Exposure Factor Datasets	Yolo		USA	2.5
Body Weight - Mean	39.4	g	F	Not Reported	25	Davis, California	Exposure Factor Datasets	Yolo		USA	3.6
Body Weight - Mean	46.1	g	M	Not Reported	14	Castroville, California	Exposure Factor Datasets	Monterey	Previously exposed to anticoagulant rodenticides	USA	3
Body Weight - Mean	35.2	g	F	Not Reported	11	Castroville, California	Exposure Factor Datasets	Monterey	Previously exposed to anticoagulant rodenticides	USA	4.6

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Factors associated with survival of reintroduced riparian brush rabbits in California.

Author(s)

Hamilton, L.P., Kelly, P.A., Williams, D.F., Kelt, D.A. and Wittmer, H.U.

Issue

4

Volume

143
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries	Error
Survival/ Mortality	87	% mortality	NR	Not Reported	325	San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Joaquin	Reintroduced, captive-bred	USA	NR

Citation:

Home range size and habitat selection of reintroduced Sylvilagus bachmani riparius.

Author(s)

Kelt, D.A., Kelly, P.A., Phillips, S.E. and Williams, D.F.

Issue

3

Volume

95
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries
Home Range	See citation Table 3	Overlap index	B	Not Reported	325	San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Joaquin	Reintroduced, captive-bred	USA

Citation:

Recovering the endangered riparian brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius): reproduction and growth in confinement and survival after translocation.

Author(s)

Williams, D.F., Kelly, P.A., Hamilton, L.P., Lloyd, M.R., Williams, E.A. and Youngblom, J.J.
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries	Error
Body Weight - Mean	272.2		g	B	Juvenile	340	San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Joaquin	Born in propagation facillity	USA	141.72
Survival/ Mortality	0.79	In captivity	Survival rate	B	Not Reported	62	San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Joaquin	Born/raised in propagation facillity	USA
Survival/ Mortality	0.86	In captivity	Survival rate	B	Not Reported	278	San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Joaquin	Born/raised in propagation facillity	USA
Survival/ Mortality	0.23	In captivity	Survival rate	B	Not Reported	49	San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Joaquin	Born/raised in propagation facillity then released	USA
Survival/ Mortality	0.22	In captivity	Survival rate	B	Not Reported	196	San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Joaquin	Born/raised in propagation facillity then released	USA

Citation:
Chemical	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
	Baseline: 598, 3 hr: 258, 24 hr: 492 mUnits/mL	Blood plasma cholinesterase activity	NR	Adult	2	Pettigrew Science Center, Griffiths Park	Toxicity Factor Datasets	Los Angeles	USA
OXYCHLORDANE	Breeding: 0.30-0.50, non-breeding: 0.09	Unspecified tissue concentration	F	Not Reported	Breeding: 5, non-breeding: 5		Toxicity Factor Datasets		USA
LEAD (elemental)	6.0 µg/dL	Blood concentration	NR	Not Reported	136		Toxicity Factor Datasets	Humboldt	USA
TRANS-NONACHLOR	Breeding: not detected	Unspecified tissue concentration	M	Not Reported	Breeding: 5, non-breeding: 5		Toxicity Factor Datasets		USA
LEAD (elemental)	4 µg/dL	Blood concentration	NR	Not Reported	52		Toxicity Factor Datasets	Orange	USA
TRANS-NONACHLOR	Breeding: 0.20	Unspecified tissue concentration	F	Not Reported	Breeding: 5, non-breeding: 5		Toxicity Factor Datasets		USA
LEAD (elemental)	15 µg/dL	Blood concentration	NR	Not Reported	34		Toxicity Factor Datasets	Mendocino	USA
TOXAPHENE (POLYCHLORINATED CAMPHENES)	Breeding: not detected	Unspecified tissue concentration	M	Not Reported	Breeding: 1, non-breeding: 5		Toxicity Factor Datasets		USA
LEAD (elemental)	7 µg/dL	Blood concentration	NR	Not Reported	39		Toxicity Factor Datasets	Mendocino	USA
ENDRIN	Breeding: not detected	Unspecified tissue concentration	M	Not Reported	Breeding: 1, non-breeding: 5		Toxicity Factor Datasets		USA
LEAD (elemental)	14 µg/dL	Blood concentration	NR	Not Reported	38		Toxicity Factor Datasets	Monterey	USA
ENDRIN	Breeding: 0.11 ppm	Unspecified tissue concentration	F	Not Reported	Breeding: 5, non-breeding: 5		Toxicity Factor Datasets		USA
LEAD (elemental)	6 µg/dL	Blood concentration	NR	Not Reported	33		Toxicity Factor Datasets		USA
HEXACHLOROBENZENE	Breeding: not detected	Unspecified tissue concentration	M	Not Reported	Breeding: 1, non-breeding: 5		Toxicity Factor Datasets		USA
MERCURY (elemental)	11.3 µg/dL	Blood concentration	NR	Not Reported	137		Toxicity Factor Datasets		USA
PCB	Breeding: not detected, non-breeding: 0.57 ppm	Unspecified tissue concentration	M	Not Reported	Breeding: 1, non-breeding: 5		Toxicity Factor Datasets		USA
COPPER (elemental)	19.0 µg/dL	Blood concentration	NR	Not Reported	126		Toxicity Factor Datasets		USA
	See citation Figure 3	Annual stage-specific apparent survival rate	F	Both Adults and Juveniles	1651 adults, 804 juveniles	Shasta, Trinity, and Siskiyou counties	Toxicity Factor Datasets		USA
ZINC (elemental)	168.0 µg/dL	Blood concentration	NR	Not Reported	126		Toxicity Factor Datasets		USA
DDE (4,4'-)	Breeding: 14 ppm, non-breeding: 2.9	Unspecified tissue concentration	M	Not Reported	Breeding: 1, non-breeding: 5		Toxicity Factor Datasets		USA
DDE (4,4'-)	Breeding: 2.4 ppm, non-breeding: 0.99	Unspecified tissue concentration	F	Not Reported	Breeding: 5, non-breeding: 5		Toxicity Factor Datasets		USA

CA

Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus)

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia)

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata)

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

California Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus)

Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora)

Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma inornata)

Giant Garter Snake (Thamnophis gigas)

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

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