Carnivores (Carnivora)

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Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Demography and body condition of coyotes (Canis latrans) in eastern New Brunswick.

Author(s)
Dumond, M. and Villard, M.A.
Issue
3
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 11.3 kg B Juvenile 12 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5-2.0 y CANADA 0.3
Body Weight - Mean 12.5 kg B Adult 15 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 2.5-4.0 y CANADA 0.5
Body Weight - Mean 13.8 kg B Adult 18 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 4.5-6.0 y CANADA 0.5
Body Weight - Mean 14.9 kg B Adult 19 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 6.5-8.0 y CANADA 0.6
Body Weight - Mean 15.2 kg B Adult 13 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets >8.0 y CANADA 0.8
Body Fat (total or %) 12 % F Both Adults and Juveniles 39 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.6
Body Fat (total or %) 10.6 % M Both Adults and Juveniles 38 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.6
Body Fat (total or %) 10 % B Juvenile 12 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5-2.0 y CANADA 0.9
Body Fat (total or %) 10.8 % B Adult 15 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 2.5-4.0 y CANADA 1.1
Body Fat (total or %) 11.6 % B Adult 18 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 4.5-6.0 y CANADA 0.7
Body Fat (total or %) 11.4 % B Adult 19 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 6.5-8.0 y CANADA 1.1
Body Fat (total or %) 12.6 % B Adult 13 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets >8.0 y CANADA 1.1
Body Weight - Mean 13.1 kg F Both Adults and Juveniles 39 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.3
Body Weight - Mean 14.6 kg M Both Adults and Juveniles 38 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.5
Citation:

Coyote (Canis latrans) diet in an urban environment: variation relative to pet conflicts, housing density, and season.

Author(s)
Poessel, S.A., Mock, E.C. and Breck, S.W.
Issue
4
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Rodents: 64, lagomorphs: 61, deer: 35, carnivores: 56, pets: 41, soricomorphs: 10, unknown: 14, native seeds: 27, non-native seeds: 35, unknown seeds: 19, trash: 27 Frequency by group NR Both Adults and Juveniles 64 Denver metro area Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Reproduction and body condition of California coyotes (Canis latrans).

Author(s)
Sacks, B.N.
Issue
5
Volume
86
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 6.6 pups B Pup 55 Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion Exposure Factor Datasets USA 2.2
Body Weight - Mean See citation Figure 4 Body mass by reproductive period kg F Adult Not reported Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Body Fat (total or %) See citation Figure 4 Visceral fat index F Adult Not reported Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Body Weight - Mean 10.1 First year non-reproductive kg M Juvenile Not reported Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.4
Body Weight - Mean 11.5 First year reproductive kg M Juvenile Not reported Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.2
Body Weight - Mean 12.5 Adult reproductive kg M Juvenile Not reported Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.3
Citation:

A comparison of body mass of Canis latrans (coyotes) between eastern and western North America.

Author(s)
Way, J.G.
Issue
1
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Location Type
Body Weight - Mean Review Reported weights across North America Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nutritional effects on reproductive performance of captive adult female coyotes (Canis latrans).

Author(s)
Gese, E.M., Roberts, B.M. and Knowlton, F.F.
Volume
165
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size High diet: 6.0, low diet: 4.8 Pups F Adult 11 National Wildlife Research Center Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA High diet: 0.5, low diet: 0.26
Citation:

Coyote (Canis latrans) food habits in a tropical deciduous forest of western Mexico.

Author(s)
Hidalgo-Mihart, M.G., Cantú-Salazar, L., López-González, C.A., Martínez-Meyer, E. and González-Romero, A.
Issue
1
Volume
146
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Mammals: 72.7, birds: 7.3, reptiles: 16.4, insects: 12.7, crustaceans: 1, vegetable matter: 60 Frequency of occurrence B Both Adults and Juveniles 59 Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Comparison of coyote (Canis latrans) diets in continuous and fragmented short-grass prairie in the Texas Panhandle.

Author(s)
Kamler, J.F., Klare, U., Ballard, W.B., Wallace, M.C. and Gipson, P.S.
Issue
2
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Insect: 25.6, reptile: 1.5, bird: 3.0, small rodent: 27.0, large rodent: 27.9, leporidae: 12.2, cattle: 24.1, pronghorn: 1.4, unknown mammal: 0.2, crops: 12.3, other seeds: 5.0, other vegetation: 22.9 Frequency of occurrence, seasonal mean % NR Both Adults and Juveniles 280 Dallam County: continuous short-grass prairie Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Insect: 17.0, reptile: 0, bird: 6.7, small rodent: 37.3, large rodent: 30.3, leporidae: 18.2, cattle: 9.7, pronghorn: 1.7, crops: 16.6, other seeds: 2.2, other vegetation: 15.8 Frequency of occurrence, seasonal mean % NR Both Adults and Juveniles 186 Stratford: fragmented short-grass prairie Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Functional feeding responses of coyotes, Canis latrans, to fluctuating prey abundance in the Curlew Valley, Utah, 1977–1993.

Author(s)
Bartel, R.A. and Knowlton, F.F.
Issue
4
Volume
83
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation for values: Lepus californicus, Peromyscus maniculatus, Reinthrodontomys megalotis, Lemmiscus curtatus, Menniscus curtatus, Perognathus parvus, Dipodomys spp., other rodents Prey identified by teeth in coyote scat NR Not Reported 39-58 Curlew Valley Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Survival and cause-specific mortality of adult coyotes (Canis latrans) in central Mississippi.

Author(s)
Chamberlain, M.J. and Leopold, B.D.
Issue
2
Volume
145
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.84 Breeding season survival % B Adult Tallahala Wildlife Management Area Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.05
Survival/ Mortality 0.89 Winter season survival % B Adult Tallahala Wildlife Management Area Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.04
Survival/ Mortality 0.98 Pup-rearing season survival % B Adult Tallahala Wildlife Management Area Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.01
Citation:

Canis latrans (Coyote) habitat use and feeding habits in central West Virginia.

Author(s)
Crimmins, S.M., Edwards, J.W. and Houben, J.M.
Issue
3
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Figure 3 for values: Deer, rodent, lagmorph, avian, herptofauna, unknown mammal, plant 128 MeadWestvaco Wildlife and Ecosystem Research
Forest 		Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Efficacy and safety of diphacinone as a predacide

Author(s)
Savarie, P.J., D.J. Hayes, R.T. McBride and J.D. Roberts
Pages
69-79
Publisher
American Society for Testing and Materials
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIPHACINONE 0.6 [0.3 - 1.2 (95% CL)] mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 2/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of lithium chloride in coyote pup diet

Author(s)
Burns, Richard J.
Pages
350-356
Year
Volume
50
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LITHIUM CHLORIDE decrease @ 18g/1500 g/d body weight gain in nursing pups of mothers fed LiCl contaminated diet Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 4 pups/2 adults Toxicity Factor Datasets 10-19d Laboratory
Citation:

Fluoroacetate residues in ground squirrel and coyote tissues due to primary or secondary 1080 poisoning

Author(s)
Casper, Howard H., Michael E. Mount, Rex E. Marsh and Robert H. Schmidt
Pages
441-442
Year
Volume
69
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE increase @ 535-9754 ppb all coyotes died after ingesting 1-2 ground squirrels poisoned with sodium monofluoroacetate Not Reported Pup 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Secondary hazards to coyotes of ground squirrels poisoned with 1080 or strychnine

Author(s)
Marsh, Rex. E., Robert H. Schmidt and Walter E. Howard
Pages
380-385
Year
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE increase @ 0.240 - 0.625 mg 1080/kg coyote 5/6 coyotes died after eating squirrels contaminated with 1080 bait (sodium monofluroacetate) Not Reported Adult 4-6/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
STRYCHNINE increase @ 1.321 - 2.860 mg strychnine/kg coyote 1/4 coyotes died after ingesting contaminated ground squirrels Not Reported Adult 4/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Hazards to wildlife associated with 1080 baiting for California ground squirrels

Author(s)
Hegdal, Paul L., Kathleen A. Fagherstone, Thomas A. Gatz, James F. Glahn and George H. Matschke
Pages
11-21
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE increase @ 6.7 kg/ha 5/6 radio-equipped coyotes were found dead during post-treatment period Not Reported Not Reported 6 Exeter, Tulare Toxicity Factor Datasets Tulare
Citation:

Chlorinated benzenes as physiological markers for coyotes

Author(s)
Johnston, John J., Lamar A. Windberg, Carol A. Furcolow, Richard M. Engeman and Marianna Roetto
Pages
410-421
Year
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
PENTACHLOROBENZENE no effect mean body mass and appearance of eyes, gums, teeth and fur, compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 - 12 yrs Laboratory
PENTACHLOROBENZENE no effect serum chemistry and hematological profile, compared to control Both Male and Female Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 - 12 yrs Laboratory
PENTACHLOROBENZENE see citation figures of feces and serum concentrations over time at the tested doses Both Male and Female Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 - 12 yrs Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative acute oral toxicity of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) in mammals and birds

Author(s)
Savarie, Peter J., Huo Ping Pan, David J. Hayes, Jerry D. Roberts, Gary J. Dasch, Robert Felton and Edward W. Schafer, Jr.
Pages
122-126
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARA-AMINOPROPIOPHENONE 5.6 [3.0-10.4 (95% CI)] mg/kg LD50 Not Reported Not Reported 4/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Canis latrans

Author(s)
Bekoff, Marc
Pages
1-9
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Metabolism and body temperature of two desert canids: Coyotes and kit foxes

Author(s)
Golightly, Richard T. and Robert D. Ohmart
Pages
624 - 635
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.0015 basal metabolic rate at 22-26C estimated via oxygen consumption watts/g Both Male and Female Not Reported 3 captured in Maricopa County, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Coyote movements, habitat use, and food habits in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Litvaitis, John A. and James H. Shaw
Pages
62-68
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition rodents (53%); fruits and seeds (32%); deer (20%); insects (19%); avian (19%); lagomorphs (11%); armadillo (9%); cattle (6%); reptile (4%) overall % occurrence in scats % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 361 scats Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Summer foods of coyotes at Rocky Flats, Colorado

Author(s)
Ribic, Christine A.
Pages
152-153
Year
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition grass species (78%); meadow vole (73%); northern pocket gopher (43%); insects (40%); passerines (30%); lagomorphs (24%); cricetid mice (19%); mule deer (13%) % occurrence of food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 54 Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant, Denver Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Body size and condition of coyotes in southern Texas

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A., Richard M. Engeman and Jeffrey F. Bromaghin
Pages
47 - 52
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean range of means for two yearling age groups kg Female Juvenile 22 - 32 Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 1.5 - 2.0 yrs
Citation:

Evaluation of several indices for assessment of coyote (Canis latrans) body composition

Author(s)
Huot, Jean, Marie-Lazarine Poulle and Michel Crete
Pages
1620-1624
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Fat (total or %) 12.08 body fat content % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 22 Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 7.36 SD
Citation:

Ecology of coyotes in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Berg, William E. and Robert A. Chesness
Pages
229-247
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 68 km2 Male Adult 25 Aitkin and Itasca counties Exposure Factor Datasets

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Abundance of mesocarnivores in two vegetation types in the southeastern region of Mexico.

Author(s)
Hernández-Sánchez, A., Santos-Moreno, A. and Pérez-Irineo, G.
Issue
2
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density Rainy season: 0.10, dry: 0.18 Estimated average density by season individuals/km2 NR Not Reported See citation Sierra de Oaxaca Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density Cloud forest: 0.26, semi-evergreen forest: 0.01 Estimated average density by vegetation type individuals/km2 NR Not Reported See citation Sierra de Oaxaca Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Survival and Predation of Weasels (Mustela erminea, Mustela frenata) in North America.

Author(s)
Linnell, M.A., Epps, C.W., Forsman, E.D. and Zielinski, W.J.
Issue
1
Volume
91
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Location Type
Survival/ Mortality Review Daily survival Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality Review Annual survival index Exposure Factor Datasets

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Citation:

Population dynamics of San Joaquin kit foxes at the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California.

Author(s)
Cypher, B.L., Warrick, G.D., Otten, M.R., O'Farrell, T.P., Berry, W.H., Harris, C.E., Kato, T.T., McCue, P.M., Scrivner, J.H. and Zoellick, B.W.
Volume
145
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Population Density See citation Table 1 Number/km2 B Both Adults and Juveniles See citation Naval Petroleum Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Survival/ Mortality See citation Survival B Both Adults and Juveniles See citation Naval Petroleum Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Clutch or Litter Size See citation Table 6 Pups/litter B Pup See citation Naval Petroleum Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Dietary Composition Leporids: 44.1, kangaroo rats: 31.0, pocket mice: 1.2, antelope squirrels: 2.3, other rodents: 4.1, sheep: 0.8, birds: 2.5, snakes: 1.4, lizards: 0.1, orthopterans: 6.4, colopterans: 1.3, other arthropods: 0.1, other items: 6.9 Frequency of occurrence % Both Adults and Juveniles 4393 Naval Petroleum Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Citation:

Desert kit fox (Vulpes macrotis arsipus) reproductive parameters—Upper Chuckwalla Valley, California.

Author(s)
Randel III, C.J.
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.69 Pups/litter B Pup 32 Upper Chuckwalla Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside USA 0.3
Citation:

Desert kit fox (Vulpes macrotis arsipus) survival, Southeastern California.

Author(s)
Randel III, C.J. and Silvy, N.J.
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 80 Mortality % B 56 Upper Chuckwalla Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside USA
Survival/ Mortality 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.868, pup-rearing: 0.944, dispersal: 1.000, annual: 0.752; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.891, pup-rearing: 1.000, annual: 0.892 Survival M Adult 56 Upper Chuckwalla Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside USA 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.014, pup-rearing: 0.0.14, dispersal: 0.000, annual: 0.010; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.023, pup-rearing: 0.000, annual: 0.017
Survival/ Mortality 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.885, pup-rearing: 0.1.000, dispersal: 1.000, annual: 0.885; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.836, pup-rearing: 0.923, annual: 0.772 Survival F Adult 56 Upper Chuckwalla Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside USA 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.0.033, pup-rearing: 0.000, dispersal: 0.0000, annual: 0.012; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.0.028, pup-rearing: 0.019, annual: 0.022
Survival/ Mortality 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.876, pup-rearing: 0..969, dispersal: 1.000, annual: 0.809; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.864, pup-rearing: 0.9640, annual: 0.833 Survival B Adult 56 Upper Chuckwalla Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside USA 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.019, pup-rearing: 0.001, dispersal: 0.000, annual: 0.012; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.019, pup-rearing: 0.011, annual: 0.014

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Population characteristics, survival rates, and causes of mortality of striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) on the southern High Plains, Texas.

Author(s)
Hansen, L.A., Mathews, N.E., Vander Lee, B.A. and Lutz, R.S.
Issue
1
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density Claytonville: 0.27, Halfway: 0.71, Olton: 0.63, Plainview: 0.10 Individuals/12.8 sq km Individuals/12.8 sq km B Both Adults and Juveniles 104 Lamb/Hale/Swisher counties Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Population Density Claytonville: 0.36, Halfway: 0.59, Olton: 0.38, Plainview: 0.20 Individuals/12.8 sq km Individuals/12.8 sq km B Both Adults and Juveniles 104 Lamb/Hale/Swisher counties Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 1994: 0.40, 1995: 0.48 Annual survival % B Both Adults and Juveniles 104 Lamb/Hale/Swisher counties Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Husbandry, overwinter care, and reproduction of captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis).

Author(s)
Lariviere, S., Hwang, Y.T., Gorsuch, W.A. and Medill, S.A.
Issue
1
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 7 Offspring/litter B Neonate 3 Delta Waterfowl and
Wetlands Research Station 		Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Clutch or Litter Size 5.5 Offspring/litter B Neonate 11 Delta Waterfowl and
Wetlands Research Station 		Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 97.9 Survival >60 d post weaning % B 93 Delta Waterfowl and
Wetlands Research Station 		Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Current distributional status of the striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis, in Baja California, Mexico.

Author(s)
Valdez-Villavicencio, J.H., Ruiz-Campos, G., Escobar-Flores, J., Guevara-Carrizales, A.A. and González-Guzmán, A.S.
Issue
4
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean 1800 g F Adult 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Acute toxcicity of sodium monofluoroacetate to the striped skunk

Author(s)
Eastland Warren G. and Samuel L. Beasom
Pages
934-936
Year
Volume
38
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE 0.347 mg/kg (95% CI; 0.212 - 0.541 mg/kg) median lethal dose Not Reported Not Reported 5-6 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Potential secondary hazards of Compound 1080 to three mammalian scavengers

Author(s)
Eastland, Warren G. and Samuel L. Beasom
Pages
232-233
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE 165 mg administered to coyote (95%CI; 107 - 392 mg) LD50; based on dose given to coyote; skunks were fed contaminated coyote tissue Not Reported Not Reported 1-8 per dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative acute oral toxicity of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) in mammals and birds

Author(s)
Savarie, Peter J., Huo Ping Pan, David J. Hayes, Jerry D. Roberts, Gary J. Dasch, Robert Felton and Edward W. Schafer, Jr.
Pages
122-126
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARA-AMINOPROPIOPHENONE > 400 mg/kg LD50 Not Reported Not Reported 2/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Current status of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) and the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) at the San Benito Archipelago, Mexico.

Author(s)
Elorriaga-Verplancken, F.R., Ferretto, G. and Angell, O.C.
Issue
4
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density See citation Table 3 Abundance M Adult See citation San Benito Archipelao Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density See citation Table 3 Abundance M Juvenile See citation San Benito Archipelao Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density See citation Table 3 Abundance F Adult See citation San Benito Archipelao Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density See citation Table 3 Abundance B Juvenile See citation San Benito Archipelao Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density See citation Table 3 Abundance B Pup See citation San Benito Archipelao Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density Review; See citation Table 4 Abundance B Pup See citation San Benito Archipelao Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Transplacental transfer of organochlorines in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus).

Author(s)
Greig, D.J., Ylitalo, G.M., Hall, A.J., Fauquier, D.A. and Gulland, F.
Issue
1
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 86 Maternal kg F Adult 20 Coastal sites Exposure Factor Datasets USA 15
Body Weight - Mean 5 Premature fetuses kg B Embryo 7 Coastal sites Exposure Factor Datasets Premature fetuses USA 2
Body Weight - Mean 7 Late-term fetuses kg B Embryo 9 Coastal sites Exposure Factor Datasets Late-term fetuses USA 1
Citation:

Survival rates of the California sea lion, Zalophus californianus, in Mexico.

Author(s)
Hernández-Camacho, C.J., Aurioles-Gamboa, D., Laake, J. and Gerber, L.R.
Issue
4
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality See citation Table 5 Model estimates of age-specific survival probability B Pup See citation Los Islotes colony in southern Gulf of California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Survival/ Mortality 0.9 Model estimates of age-specific survival probability B Juvenile See citation Los Islotes colony in southern Gulf of California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Survival/ Mortality 0.904 Model estimates of age-specific survival probability for young adults B Adult See citation Los Islotes colony in southern Gulf of California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Survival/ Mortality 0.746 Model estimates of age-specific survival probability for old adults B Adult See citation Los Islotes colony in southern Gulf of California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Food consumption and growth of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus californianus).

Author(s)
Kastelein, R.A., Schooneman, N.M., Vaughan, N. and Wiepkema, P.R.
Issue
2
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Food Ingestion Rate See citation Figure 1 Annual food consumption B Both Adults and Juveniles 26 Harderwijk Marine Mammal Park Exposure Factor Datasets NETHERLANDS
Citation:

Sex differences in body size and body condition of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups from the Gulf of California.

Author(s)
Luque, S.P. and Aurioles‐Gamboa, D.
Issue
1
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 9.4 Newborn weight kg M Pup 9 Gulf of Mexico Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO 0.35
Body Weight - Mean 7.7 Newborn weight kg F Pup 7 Gulf of Mexico Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO 0.45
Citation:

Diet and feeding overlap of two otariids, Zalophus californianus and Arctocephalus townsendi: Implications to survive environmental uncertainty.

Author(s)
Aurioles-Gamboa, D. and Camacho-Ríos, F.J.
Issue
3
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Cephalopods: 25%, fishes: 65%, crustacean: 7% % occurrence NR Not Reported 289 scat samples San Benito Islands Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Potential heavy metal influence on the death of several species of pinnipeds

Author(s)
Van Heekeren, A. and Edwin J. Skoch
Pages
51-61
Year
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, LEAD COMPOUNDS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, ZINC COMPOUNDS increase incidence of epileptiform seizures and subsequent death associated with "unusual" Se levels Female Adult 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Premature birth in California sea lions: Association with high organochlorine pollutant residue levels.

Author(s)
DeLong, Robert L., William G. Gilmartin and John G. Simpson
Pages
1168-1170
Year
Issue
4105
Volume
181
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of premature parturtion associated with elevated DDT and PCB residues, compared to full term parturient group Female Adult 4-6/group San Miguel Island Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 - 15 yrs
Citation:

Selenium toxicosis in three California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Author(s)
Edwards, William C., D. L. Whitenack, J. W. Alexander and M. A., Solangi
Pages
568-570
Year
Issue
6
Volume
31
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS 36.11 - 88.4 ug/g wet wt (liver); 7.12 - 32.8 ug/g wet wt (kidney) selenium concentration range in liver and kidney of dead animals Not Reported Not Reported 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Premature parturition in the Califonia sea lion

Author(s)
Gilmartin, W. G., R. L. DeLong, A. W. Smith, J. C. Sweeney, B. W. De Lappe, R. W. Risebrough, L. A. Griner, M. D. Dailey and D. B. Peakall
Pages
104-115
Year
Issue
1
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of premature parturition associated with elevated DDT and PCB levels, compared to full term parturient group Female Adult 10/group San Miguel Island Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 - 14 yrs
Citation:

Heavy metal and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus californianus)

Author(s)
Buhler, D. R., R. R. Clayes and B. R. Mate
Pages
2391-2397
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, DDT (Technical Grade Mixture), MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of kidney histopathological lesions in "sick" or dead animals compared to "healthy" animals, consistent with diagnosis of leptospirosis Male Adult 2-8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 5 - 9 yr
Citation:

Mercury-selenium-bromine imbalance in premature parturient California sea lions

Author(s)
Martin, J.H., P.D. Elliott, V.C. Anderlini, D. Girvin, S.A. Jacobs, R.W. Risebrough, R.L. Delong and W.G. Gilmartin
Pages
91-104
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
BROMINE COMPOUNDS, CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, MANGANESE COMPOUNDS, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SILVER COMPOUNDS, ZINC COMPOUNDS increase incidence of premature parturition correlated with different metal concentrations and ratios Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Physiologic and toxic effects on sea otters

Author(s)
Geraci, Joseph R. and Thomas D. Williams
Pages
211-221
Publisher
Academic Press, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CRUDE OILS review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets

Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris ssp. nereis)

Citation:

Butyltin residues in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) found dead along California coastal waters

Author(s)
Kannan, Kurunthachalam, Keerthi S. Guruge, Nancy J. Thomas, Shinsuke Tanabe and John P. Giesy
Pages
1169-1175
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
TIN, BUTYL increase otters that died of infectious disease contained butyltin liver concentrations greater than those that died of trauma Both Male and Female Adult 8-14 animals Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Accumulation pattern of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) found stranded along coastal California, USA

Author(s)
Nakata, H., K. Kannan, L. Jing, N. Thomas, S. Tanabe and J.P. Giesy
Pages
45-53
Year
Volume
103
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) increase otters that died from infectious diseases contained higher liver DDTs concentrations that those that died of trauma Both Male and Female Adult 4-8 Toxicity Factor Datasets

Desert Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus)

Citation:

Primary and secondary hazards of three rodenticides to kit fox

Author(s)
Schitoskey, Frank, Jr.
Pages
416-418
Year
Issue
2
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE 0.22 mg/kg bw (95% CI; 0.15 - 0.34 mg/kg) LD50 Not Reported Adult 2 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
STRYCHNINE 0.75 mg/kg bw (95% CI; 0.33-1.69 mg/kg) LD50 Not Reported Adult 2 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
ZINC PHOSPHIDE 93 mg/kg bw (95% CI; 62-140 mg/kg) LD50 Not Reported Adult 2 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
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