Terrestrial birds

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Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

A toxicological assessment of peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus tundrius, breeding in the Keewatin District of the Northwest Territories, Canada

Author(s)
Court, G.S., C.C. Gates, D.A. Boag, J.D. MacNeil, D.M. Bradley, A.C. Fesser, J.R. Patterson, G.B. Stenhouse, and L.W. Oliphant
Pages
255-272
Year
Issue
2
Volume
104
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 15.8% mean eggshell thinning compared to "pre-pesticide" reference eggs Female Adult 78 eggs Rankin Inlet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS log DDE in eggs = 0.9723 + 0.8506(log DDE in plasma); r = 0.66 log-log relationship between DDE in plasma of female birds and DDE in eggs Female Adult 10 females Rankin Inlet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine pesticides, chlorinated dioxins and furans, and PCBs in peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus eggs from the Kola Peninsula, Russia

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Sergei A. Ganusevich, F. Prescott Ward, and Ted R. Schwartz
Pages
739-749
Publisher
Pica Press
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 11.4% percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-DDT reference eggs Female Adult 8 nests Kola Peninsula Toxicity Factor Datasets RUSSIA
Citation:

Organochlorines and eggshell thinning in peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus eggs from the eastern United States

Author(s)
Burns, S.A., W.M. Jarman, T.J. Cade, L.F. Kiff and B.J. Walton
Pages
709-716
Publisher
Pica Press
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 11% decrease eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 112 eggs eastern U.S. coast Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mercury levels in feathers of peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus compared with total mercury content in some of its prey species in Sweden

Author(s)
Lindberg, Peter, and Tjelvar Odsjo
Pages
297-318
Year
Volume
5
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
MERCURY (elemental) 2.80 - 10.60 ppm, dry wt (females)
3.70 - 8.95 ppm, dry wt (males) 		range of concentrations measured in primary and rectrix feathers Both Male and Female Adult 3 sample periods; 1-9 birds/sample period Southern Sweden Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
MERCURY (elemental) 6.90-29.50 ppm, dry wt (females)
12.10 ppm, dry wt (males) 		concentrations measured in primary and rectrix feathers Both Male and Female Adult 20 females, 1 male Northern Sweden Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
MERCURY (elemental) 2.79 (3.10) ppm, dry wt mean (SD) concentration measured in feathers Not Reported Juvenile 3 nests Southern Sweden Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
MERCURY (elemental) 8.31(2.59) ppm, dry wt mean (SD) concentration measured in feathers Not Reported Juvenile 3 nests Northern Sweden Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
Citation:

Eggshell thickness and contaminant analysis of reintroduced, urban nesting peregrine falcons in Wisconsin

Author(s)
Septon, Greg A., and Jim B. Marks
Pages
25-30
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
AROCLOR 1248, AROCLOR 1254, AROCLOR 1260, DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS no effect eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 9 eggs urban nest sites Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

DDE in a resident Aleutian Island peregrine population

Author(s)
White, Clayton M., William B. Emison, and Francis S.L. Williamson
Pages
306-311
Year
Volume
75
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 1.89 (1.27-2.43) -6.96 (3.28-13.37) ppm, wet wt annual mean (range) concentrations in eggs Female Adult 3-6 eggs/year Amchitka Island Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 7.5% decrease eggshell thickness compared to "pre-pesticide" reference eggs Female Adult 3-6 eggs/year Amchitka Island Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Environmental contaminants in Canadian peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus: a toxicological assessment

Author(s)
Peakall, David B., David G. Noble, John E. Elliot, James D. Somers, and Gary Erickson
Pages
244-254
Year
Issue
2
Volume
104
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) review concentrations of chemicals in eggs and diet associated with mortality and eggshell thinning (various raptor species) Not Reported Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DIELDRIN review concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Organochlorines in Alaskan peregrine falcon eggs and their current impact on productivity

Author(s)
Ambrose, Robert E., Charles J. Henny, Robin E. Hunter, and John A. Crawford
Pages
385-393
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 13.1% and 13.6% decreases in tundrius and anatum ssp. eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 21 and 34 eggs for tundrius and anatum ssp. Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Eggshell thinning and DDE residue levels among peregrine falcons Falco peregrinus: A global perspective.

Author(s)
Peakall, David B., and Lloyd F. Kiff
Pages
200-204
Year
Issue
2
Volume
121
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) review eggshell thickness compared to that of pre-1945 eggs Female Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets GLOBAL
Citation:

DDE residues and eggshell changes in Alaskan falcons and hawks

Author(s)
Cade, Tom J., Jeffrey L. Lincer, and Clayton M. White
Pages
955-957
Year
Volume
172
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 21.7% decrease (tundra population); 16.8% decrease (taiga population); 7.5% decrease (Aleutian population) eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 23 eggs (tundra pop.); 14 eggs (taiga pop.); 11 eggs (Aleutian pop.) Colville River (tundra); Yukon River (taiga); Amchitka Island (Aleutian) Toxicity Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Parathion accumulation in cricket frogs and its effect on American kestrels

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James, Haydee de Chacin, Oliver H. Pattee and Thair G. Lamont
Pages
921-927
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARATHION 56% decrease at 4.6 ppm mean plasma cholinesterase activity relative to control Not Reported Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of chronic dietary lead in American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Franson, J. Christian, Louis Sileo, Oliver H. Pattee and John F. Moore
Pages
110-113
Year
Issue
2
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) no effect mean organ and carcass weights Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Methyl parathion and fenvalerate toxicity in American kestrels: acute physiological responses and effects of cold

Author(s)
Rattner, Barnett A. and J. Christian Franson
Pages
787-792
Year
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLPARATHION decrease at 2, 3 mg/kg bw cloacal temperature Both Male and Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
METHYLPARATHION decrease at 2, 3 mg/kg bw plasma cholinesterase activity 2 hr post-dose Both Male and Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
METHYLPARATHION decrease at 1, 2, 3 mg/kg bw brain acetylcholinesterase activity 10 hr post-dose Both Male and Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
METHYLPARATHION increased at 2, 3 mg/kg bw plasma glucose concentrations Both Male and Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Carbofuran affects wildlife on Virginia corn fields

Author(s)
Stinson, Elizabeth R., Lynn E. Hayes, Parshall B. Bush, and Donald H. White
Pages
566-575
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CARBOFURAN 1.7-7.4 ppm (wet wt) carcass residues of kestrels found dead Not Reported Not Reported 3 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

DDE at Low Dietary Levels Kills Captive American Kestrels

Author(s)
Porter, Richard D. and Stanley N. Wiemeyer
Pages
193-199
Year
Issue
4
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 88.1 ppm (dry wt) mean liver residues in birds that survived Male Adult 11 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

The effect of dietary sodium fluoride on internal organs, breast muscle, and bones in captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Bird, D.M., D. Carriere and D. Lacombe
Pages
242-246
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
FLUORIDE, SODIUM 247.0 +/- 103.1 ppm @ 0 ppm; 6137.9 +/- 823.8 ppm @ 1120 ppm; 10,272.6 +/- 865.8 ppm @ 2240 ppm mean fluoride content in the diaphyses of femurae Both Male and Female Juvenile 9-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
FLUORIDE, SODIUM no effect growth of body weight and skeletal components (skull, bill, tarsus, antebrachium, and manus) Both Male and Female Juvenile 9-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
FLUORIDE, SODIUM increased at 1120, 2240 ppm % bone ash Both Male and Female Juvenile 9-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
FLUORIDE, SODIUM decreased at 2240 ppm bonebreaking strength Both Male and Female Juvenile 9-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
Citation:

Synergistic effects of Aroclor 1254 on the semen characteristics of American kestrels

Author(s)
Bird, D.M., P.H. Tucker, G.A. Fox and P.C. Lague
Pages
633-640
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254, MIREX no effect sperm motility Male Adult 5-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Uptake and loss of white phosphorus in American kestrels

Author(s)
Nam, Sae-Im, B.D. Roebuck and Marianne E. Walsh
Pages
837-841
Year
Issue
4
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) no effect occurence of phosphorus intoxication symptoms Not Reported Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Selenium accumulation in captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) fed selenomethionine and naturally incorporated selenium

Author(s)
Yamamoto, Julie T., Gary M. Santolo, and Barry W. Wilson
Pages
2494-2497
Year
Issue
12
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS 7.5 ppm Se, dry wt maximum observed Se concentration in blood Both Male and Female Adult 10 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE no effect incidence of mortality or signs of toxicity Both Male and Female Adult 9-10 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative developmental toxicity of planar polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in chickens, American kestrels, and common terns

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Mark J. Melancon, Patrice N. Klein, John D. Eisemann, and James W. Spann
Pages
747-757
Year
Issue
4
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) reduced @ 233 ng/g percent hatching success, percent pipped versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 24-26/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets hatchling Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) reduced @ 233 ng/g liver weight, radius and femur length versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 24-26/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets hatchling Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased @ 2.3, 23, 233 ng/g incidence of malformations or edema, and EROD activity versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 24-26/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets hatchling Laboratory
PCB 77 (3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL) reduced @ 100, 1000 ng/g percent hatching success, percent pipped versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 24-26/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets hatchling Laboratory
PCB 77 (3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL) reduced @ 1000 ng/g humerus length versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 24-26/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets hatchling Laboratory
Citation:

Selenium accumulation and effects on reproduction in captive American kestrels fed selenomethionine

Author(s)
Santolo, Gary M., Julie T. Yamamoto, Jacqueline M. Pisenti, Barry W. Wilson
Pages
502-511
Year
Issue
2
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE no effect percent of pairs that laid eggs, number of fertile pairs and egg hatchability versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group; 10 control pairs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE no effect egg mass, width, length, and volume versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group; 10 control pairs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE reduced @ 12 ppm Se ratio of # fertile eggs to total # eggs laid versus 6 ppm Se group Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group; 10 control pairs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE no effect incidence of embryo deformities versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group; 10 control pairs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Biochemical and hematological effects of lead ingestion in nestling American kestrels

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., J. Christian Franson, Oliver H. Pattee, Christine M. Bunck, and Helen C. Murray
Pages
431-439
Year
Issue
2
Volume
80
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) 31% decrease at 625 mg/kg bw
14% decrease at 125 mg/kg bw 		hematocrit Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) 48% decrease at 625 mg/kg bw
27% decrease at 125 mg/kg bw
12% decrease at 25 mg/kg bw 		red blood cell hemoglobin content Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decrease at all doses (45-59%) red blood cell delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) 30% decrease at 625 mg/kg bw
25% decrease at 125 mg/kg bw 		plasma creatine phosphokinase Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Tissue lead distribution and hematologic effects in American kestrels (Falco sparverius L.) fed biologically incorporated lead

Author(s)
Custer, Thomas W., J.Christian Franson, and Oliver H. Pattee
Pages
39-43
Year
Issue
1
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD COMPOUNDS 1.13 ppm blood at 212 ppm; 1.69 ppm blood at 448 ppm mean lead concentration in blood Both Male and Female Adult 8-14/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-2 yr Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS 7.84 ppm femur at 120 ppm; 16.60 ppm femur at 212 ppm; 18.44 ppm femur at 448 ppm mean lead concentration in femur Both Male and Female Adult 8-14/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-2 yr Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS no effect packed cell volume, hemoglogin concentration, erythrocyte counts Both Male and Female Adult 8-14/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-2 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Kestrel predatory behavior under chronic low-level exposure to DDE

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri G., Daniel W. Anderson and Robert W. Risebrough
Pages
121-136
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) no effect variance in kestrel response time to prey stimulus Not Reported Adult 6 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 1.37 (0.10 SE) mg/kg mean DDE concentration in blood (wet wt) Not Reported Adult 6 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Organochlorine residues in raptor eggs in the Cayuga Lake Basin

Author(s)
Lincer, Jeffrey L., and Richard J. Clark
Pages
121-128
Year
Issue
2
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 10% decrease eggshell thickness change relative to control Female Adult 34 eggs Cayuga Lake Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Metabolic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in the American kestrel

Author(s)
Lincer, Jeffrey L., and David B. Peakall
Pages
783-784
Year
Volume
228
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS increased @ 0.5, 5 ppm in vitro microsomal breakdown of oestradiol Both Male and Female Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1262, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS increased @ 0.5, 5 ppm in vitro microsomal breakdown of oestradiol Both Male and Female Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS increased @ 5 ppm amount of liver cytoplasmic RNA Both Male and Female Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Survival, growth, and histopathological effects of paraquat ingestion in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., J. Christian Franson, Oliver H. Pattee and Christine M. Bunck
Pages
495-500
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARAQUAT 22% @ 10 mg/kg, 18% @ 25 mg/kg, 44% @ 60 mg/kg percent mortality Not Reported Juvenile 11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PARAQUAT 86% of control @ 25 mg/kg, 74% of control @ 60 mg/kg body weight by 10 days of dosing Not Reported Juvenile 11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PARAQUAT 11% @ 25 mg/kg, 25% @ 60 mg/kg percent increase over controls in brain to body weight ratio Not Reported Juvenile 11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PARAQUAT 14% @ 25 mg/kg, 18% @ 60 mg/kg percent increase over controls in liver to body weight ratio Not Reported Juvenile 11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Secondary poisoning hazard of fenthion to American kestrels

Author(s)
Hunt, K. A., D.M. Bird, P. Mineau and L. Shutt
Pages
84-90
Year
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
FENTHION 100% Male Adult 14 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
FENTHION 77.9-92% range of brain acetylcholinesterase inhibition (relative to control) in birds that died Male Adult 14 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
FENTHION 96% range of plasma cholinesterase inhibition (relative to control) in birds that died Male Adult 14 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Reproductive and morphological effects of o,p-dicofol on two generations of captive American kestrels

Author(s)
MacLellan, K.N.M., D.M. Bird, D.M. Fry, and J.L. Cowles
Pages
364-372
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DICOFOL decreased 5.45% (@ 5 mg/kg), 10.98% (@ 20 mg/kg) eggshell thickness compared to controls Female Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DICOFOL non-detectable (@ 5 mg/kg), 560 ng/g (@ 20 mg/kg) mean concentration of metabolite dichlorobenzophenone in eggs Female Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DICOFOL increased @ 5 and 20 mg/kg incidence of abnormal embyronic gonads Both Male and Female Embryo 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

DDE thins eggshells of captive American kestrels

Author(s)
Wiemeyer, Stanley N., and Richard D. Porter
Pages
737-738
Year
Volume
227
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) decrease at 10 ppm mean eggshell thickness Female Adult 8-10 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 0.71 (0.05 SE) ppm at 0 ppm,
32.4 (2.78 SE) ppm at 10 ppm 		mean residues in eggs Female Embryo 9-10 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Methyl mercury: Its effect on eggshell thickness

Author(s)
Peakall, David B. and Jefferey L. Lincer
Pages
89-90
Year
Issue
2
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIMETHYLMERCURY no effect eggshell thickness Female Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Prey-Capturing Ability of American Kestrels Fed DDE and Acephate or Acephate Alone

Author(s)
Rudolph, S. G., J. G. Zinkl, D. W. Anderson and P. J. Shea
Pages
367-372
Year
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
ACEPHATE, DDE (4,4'-) no effect prey capturing behavior Not Reported Adult 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) effects on hepatic mixed function oxidases and porphyria in birds - II. American kestrel

Author(s)
Elliot, J.E., S.W. Kennedy, D. Jeffrey and L. Shutt
Pages
141-145
Year
Issue
1/2
Volume
99
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
PCB 105 (2,3,3',4,4'-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased with PCB 153 aminopyrine N-demethylase and aldrin epoxidase activities in liver Female Adult 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Accumulation and effects in birds

Author(s)
Peakall, D.B.
Pages
31-47
Publisher
CRC Press, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Location Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review Toxicity Factor Datasets

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Avian populations in herbicide treated brush fields

Author(s)
Beaver, Donald L.
Pages
543-553
Year
Issue
3
Volume
93
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID (2,4,5-) increased post-application from 1 to 4.1 birds per 40 ha population density Adult 9 censuses pre- and post-spray Truckee area Toxicity Factor Datasets Nevada
Citation:

Effects of lead shot ingestion on captive mourning dove survivability and reproduction

Author(s)
Buerger, Theodore T., Ralph E. Mirarchi and Michael E. Lisano
Pages
1-8
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
LEAD (elemental) 198.2 ug/g, dry wt lead concentration in bone Not Reported Adult 10 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets 39.9 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on mourning dove reproduction and circulating progesterone levels

Author(s)
Koval, P.J., T.J. Peterle and J.D. Harder
Pages
663-670
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254 no effect progesterone concentration in blood Female Adult 10-13/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254 earlier @ 10 ppm timing of peak progesterone concentration in blood Female Adult 10-13/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of DDT spray on eggs and nestlings of birds

Author(s)
Mitchell, R.T.
Pages
192-194
Year
Issue
3
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDT (4,4'-) no effect Not Reported Embryo 2 eggs Patuxent Research Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Avian nesting success and diversity in conventionally and organically managed apple orchards

Author(s)
Fluetsch, Kimberly M. and Donald W. Sparling
Pages
1651-1659
Year
Issue
10
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION), DIMETHOATE, ENDOSULFAN, METHYLPARATHION, PARATHION, PERMETHRIN, THIRAM, ZIRAM decreased in conventional orchards daily survival rates Not Reported Nestling 29 conventional nests York Springs, Adams Co. Toxicity Factor Datasets
AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION), DIMETHOATE, ENDOSULFAN, METHYLPARATHION, PARATHION, PERMETHRIN, THIRAM, ZIRAM decreased in conventional orchards hatching success Not Reported Nestling 29 conventional nests York Springs, Adams Co. Toxicity Factor Datasets
AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION), DIMETHOATE, ENDOSULFAN, METHYLPARATHION, PARATHION, PERMETHRIN, THIRAM, ZIRAM no effect numbers of eggs laid or number of fledglings produced Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 29 conventional nests York Springs, Adams Co. Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of lead shot ingestion on free-ranging mourning doves

Author(s)
Carrington, Mary E., and Ralph E. Mirarchi
Pages
173-179
Year
Volume
43
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
LEAD (elemental) no effect post-dosing survival of free-ranging radio-transmittered birds Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 26 treated birds, 29 control birds Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS see figures figure for each dose, showing metabolic rate at increasing ambient temperatures Not Reported Adult 10 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Tissue lead concentrations and blood characteristics of mourning doves from southwestern Virginia

Author(s)
Kendall, Ronald J. and Patrick F. Scanlon
Pages
269-272
Year
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) decreased blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity Not Reported Not Reported 5 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of PCBs on mourning dove courtship behavior

Author(s)
Tori, Gildo M. and Tony J. Peterle
Pages
44-49
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
AROCLOR 1254 increased at 10, 40 ppm length of courtship period Both Male and Female Adult 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets breeding Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254 decreased at 40 ppm courtship behavior score (intensity) Both Male and Female Adult 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets breeding Laboratory
Citation:

Some effects of aldrin-treated rice on gulf coast wildlife

Author(s)
Flickinger, Edward L. and Kirke A. King
Pages
706-727
Year
Issue
3
Volume
36
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ALDRIN, DIELDRIN <0.1 ppm aldrin, 3.8 ppm dieldrin, 0.3 ppm DDT and metabolites, wet wt post-mortem whole body concentrations Not Reported Not Reported 1 bird Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Histologic and ultrastructural lesions of mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) poisoned by lead shot

Author(s)
Kendall, Ronald J., Patrick F. Scanlon and Hugo P. Veit
Pages
952-956
Year
Issue
6
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) light lesions present histological exam of acid-fast intranuclear inclusions of cells of kidney proximal convoluted tubules Not Reported Not Reported 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Heptachlor seed treatment contaminates hawks, owls, and eagles of Columbia Basin, Oregon

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus and T. Earl Kaiser
Pages
41-48
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
HEPTACHLOR no effect eggshell thickness Female Adult 6 nests Columbia Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Monitoring great horned owls for pesticide exposure in southcentral Iowa

Author(s)
Buck, Jeremy A., Larry W. Brewer, Michael J. Hooper, George P. Cobb and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
321-331
Year
Issue
2
Volume
60
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
TERBUFOS no effect occurence of pesticide metabolites in fecal-urate samples Not Reported Not Reported 29 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Productivity and survival of great horned owls exposed to dieldrin

Author(s)
Frank, Rosemary A. and R. Scott Lutz
Pages
331-339
Year
Volume
101
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DIELDRIN 0.01 +/- 0.003 ppm (uncontaminated site); 0.22 +/- 0.03 ppm (contaminated site) mean (+/- SE) concentrations in plasma Not Reported Juvenile 6 birds on contaminated sites; 10 birds on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Case histories of bald eagles and other raptors killed by organophosporous insecticides topically applied to livestock

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Elizabeth J. Kolbe, Elwood F. Hill and Lawrence J. Blus
Pages
292-295
Year
Issue
2
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
FAMPHUR 85% decrease post-mortem brain cholinesterase activity compared to control Not Reported Not Reported 1 owl Malheur County Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of pesticides on owls in North America

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J.
Pages
198-206
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
STRYCHNINE, ZINC PHOSPHIDE review summaries of sublethal effects due to organochlorine, anticholinesterase, anticoagulant, strychnine pesticides Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

Biodeterioration of chlorophacinone in voles, hawks and an owl

Author(s)
Askham, L.R. and R.M. Poche
Pages
145-150
Year
Issue
1
Volume
56
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CHLOROPHACINONE 99 ug total carcass residues 28 d after removal from treatment Not Reported Adult 1 owl Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CHLOROPHACINONE no effect occurence of external bleeding or internal abnormalities after removal from treated diet Not Reported Adult 1 owl Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

The effects of dieldrin on the behavior of young loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Busbee, Everette L.
Pages
28-35
Year
Volume
94
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN increased at 1, 2, 4, 8 mg/kg/d rate of mortality compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 10-11/dose collected in San Diego County, CA Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day post-hatch (begin) Laboratory
Citation:

DDE residues and eggshell thinning in loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Anderson, William L., and Ronald E. Duzan
Pages
215-220
Year
Issue
2
Volume
90
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 3.09 (0.09 SE) ppm, wet wt concentration in eggs Not Reported Embryo 20 clutches, 104 eggs southern IL Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) decreased eggshell thickness index compared with reference samples collected in 1875-95 Not Reported Embryo 20 clutches, 104 eggs southern IL Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) y = 92.610 - 2.412 log x linear negative correlation of egg DDE concentration and shell thickness Not Reported Embryo 20 clutches, 104 eggs southern IL Toxicity Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia), Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Effects of pesticides on owls in North America

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J.
Pages
198-206
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Location Type
CARBARYL, CARBOFURAN, DDE (4,4'-) review Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBARYL, CARBOFURAN, DDE (4,4'-) review Toxicity Factor Datasets

Alameda Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. pusillula)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Condition Lab
DIBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE (1,2,5,6-) 5 description Both Male and Female Adult sample size location Toxicity Factor Datasets age Alameda condition Laboratory

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus), Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Some effects of aldrin-treated rice on gulf coast wildlife

Author(s)
Flickinger, Edward L. and Kirke A. King
Pages
706-727
Year
Issue
3
Volume
36
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ALDRIN, DIELDRIN 6.1 ppm (brain), 10.7 ppm (body remainder) dieldrin, wet wt post-mortem concentrations Not Reported Not Reported 1 bird Toxicity Factor Datasets
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