Terrestrial birds

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Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Avian use of successional cottonwood (Populus deltoides) woodlands along the middle Missouri River.

Author(s)
Rumble, M.A. and Gobeille, J.E.
Issue
1
Volume
152
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Population Density 0.02 NR Not Reported NR Missouri River between
Pierre and Mobridge, SD 		Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.02
Citation:

Demography of Bell's Vireos in Missouri grassland-shrub habitats.

Author(s)
Budnik, J.M., Ryan, M.R. and Thompson III, F.R.
Issue
4
Volume
117
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Location Type Error
Clutches or Litters per year 2.29 Clutches per female Adult Exposure Factor Datasets 0.37
Clutches or Litters per year 7.07 Eggs per female Adult Exposure Factor Datasets 1.17
Population Density 1 Number of territorial males per 10 ha Adult Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year 2.02 Clutches per female Adult Exposure Factor Datasets 0.17
Clutch or Litter Size 6.49 Eggs per female Adult Exposure Factor Datasets 0.58

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Peregrines and pesticides in Alaska

Author(s)
Cade, Tom J., Clayton M. White, and John R. Haugh
Pages
170-178
Year
Issue
2
Volume
70
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN 48.0 (DDE), 3.35 (DDD), 1.02 (DDT), 1.45 (dieldrin) mean concentrations of pesticides in eggs (ppm, dry weight) Female Adult 2 eggs Yukon River Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN 622.0 (DDE), 25.4 (DDD), 25.3 (DDT), 6.20 (dieldrin) mean concentrations of pesticides in fat (ppm, dry weight) Both Male and Female Adult 4 birds Yukon River Toxicity Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

DDT and dieldrin: effects on resident peregrine falcon populations in south-eastern Australia

Author(s)
Olsen, Penny, Bill Emison, Nick Mooney, and Nigel Brothers
Pages
89-100
Year
Volume
1
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) productivity = 1.79 - 0.04(DDE) linear regression of productivity (number of young fledged per site) and DDE concentrations in eggs Both Male and Female Adult 9 eggs Tasmania Toxicity Factor Datasets AUSTRALIA
Citation:

Environmental contaminants in Canadian peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus: a toxicological assessment

Author(s)
Peakall, David B., David G. Noble, John E. Elliot, James D. Somers, and Gary Erickson
Pages
244-254
Year
Issue
2
Volume
104
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various raptor species) Not Reported Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE review concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
OXYCHLORDANE review concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE review concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Organochlorine residues in Alaskan peregrines

Author(s)
Peakall, David B., Tom J. Cade, Clayton M. White, and John R. Haugh
Pages
255-260
Year
Issue
4
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 16.8-24.9% percent eggshell thinning compared with pre-1946 reference eggs Female Adult 3-11 eggs/year Colville, Yukon, Tanana Rivers Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Pesticide residues and shell thinning in eggs of peregrines in Norway

Author(s)
Nygard, Torgeir
Pages
161-166
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) review data correlating eggshell thinning and DDE concentrations in eggs Female Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets GLOBAL
Citation:

Pollutants and eggshell thinning in peregrines and their prey in the Baja California region

Author(s)
Porter, Richard D., and M. Alan Jenkins
Pages
413-421
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 2.4-25.0 (DDE); 0.5-10.6 (PCBs); 0.2-4.2 (Hg) residues in eggs (ppm, wet wt) Female Adult 5 eggs (from 5 nests) Gulf of California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDE (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS +2 to 16% percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 5 eggs (from 5 nests) Gulf of California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Pesticide residues in Arizona peregrine falcon eggs and prey

Author(s)
Ellis, D.H., L.R. Deweese, T.G. Grubb, L.F. Kiff, D.G. Smith, W. M. Jarman, and D.B. Peakall
Pages
57-64
Year
Volume
42
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 6.4-33 ppm, dry wt range of concentrations in whole addled eggs Female Adult 5 eggs from 3 clutches Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 14.2% percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 26 breeding attempts Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Eggshell thinning and organochlorine residues in eggs and prey of peregrine falcons from Victoria, Australia

Author(s)
Pruett-Jones, Stephen G., Clayton M. White, and William B. Emison
Pages
281-287
Year
Volume
80
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) no relation linear regression of eggshell thickness and DDE concentration in eggs Female Adult 35 eggs Victoria Toxicity Factor Datasets AUSTRALIA
Citation:

Organochlorines and mercury in the eggs of British peregrines Falco peregrinus

Author(s)
Newton, I., J.A. Bogan, and M.B. Haas
Pages
353-376
Year
Volume
131
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-), HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 15 ppm DDE, 0.7 ppm heptachlor epoxide concentrations in eggs associated with population recovery Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 550 eggs from 469 clutches Toxicity Factor Datasets UNITED KINGDOM
Citation:

Long term trends and sources of organochlorine contamination in Canadian tundra peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus tundrius

Author(s)
Johnstone, Robin M., Gordon S. Court, Adrian C. Fesser, D. Mark Bradley, Lynn W. Oliphant, and James D. MacNeil
Pages
109-120
Year
Issue
2
Volume
93
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 8.31 (1.67-45.63; PCBs); 4.45 (0.76-28.05; DDE); 0.36 (0.05-1.80; dieldrin) geometric mean (range) residues in eggs, ppm, wet wt Female Adult 20 eggs Rankin Inlet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Eggshell thinning and organochlorine residues in Rocky Mountain peregrines, Falco peregrinus, and their prey

Author(s)
Enderson, James H., Gerald R. Craig, William A. Burnham, and Daniel D. Berger
Pages
255-264
Year
Issue
3
Volume
96
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE negative correlation correlation of heptachlor epoxide concentration in eggs and eggshell thickness Female Adult 38 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Analysis of peregrine falcon eggs in Ecuador

Author(s)
Jenny, J. Peter, William A. Burnham, Tjitte DeVries, Nancy Hilgert, and Fernando Ortiz
Pages
502
Year
Volume
85
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) no effect eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 2 eggs, 1 nest Toxicity Factor Datasets ECUADOR

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Biochemical and hematological effects of lead ingestion in nestling American kestrels

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., J. Christian Franson, Oliver H. Pattee, Christine M. Bunck, and Helen C. Murray
Pages
431-439
Year
Issue
2
Volume
80
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) decrease at 125, 625 mg/kg bw (20-25%) liver delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Enzymatic changes in the oviduct associated with DDE-induced eggshell thinning in the kestrel, Falco sparverius

Author(s)
Bird, David M., David B. Peakall and David S. Miller
Pages
22-24
Year
Volume
31
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) decrease carbonic anhydrase activity of shell gland Female Adult 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) no effect calcium concentration in blood Female Adult 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Accumulation of lead and organochlorine residues in captive American kestrels fed pine voles from apple orchards

Author(s)
Stendell, Rey C., W. Nelson Beyer and Robert A. Stehn
Pages
388-391
Year
Issue
3
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, LEAD COMPOUNDS 0.70 (0.20 SE) ppm (wet wt) lead concentration in tibia Female Juvenile 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, LEAD COMPOUNDS 232 (9 SE) ppm (wet wt) DDE concentration in carcass Female Juvenile 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, LEAD COMPOUNDS 10.4 (0.6 SE) ppm (wet wt) DDE concentration in brain Female Juvenile 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, LEAD COMPOUNDS decreased bw (versus pre-study bw) Female Juvenile 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Acute toxicity of four anticholinesterase insecticides to American kestrels, eastern screech owls, and northern bobwhites

Author(s)
Wiemeyer, Stanley N. and Donald W. Sparling
Pages
1139-1148
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
FENTHION 1.4 mg/kg bw LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CARBOFURAN 0.6 mg/kg bw (0.5-1.0 95% CI) LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
MONOCROTOPHOS 1.5 mg/kg bw LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
EPN 68% (10.0 SD) mean brain cholinesterase depression (relative to control) in birds that died in 8 hrs post-dose Both Male and Female Adult 12 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
FENTHION 88% (2.7 SD) mean brain cholinesterase depression (relative to control) in birds that died in 8 hrs post-dose Both Male and Female Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Lead in hawks, falcons and owls downstream from a mining site on the Coeur D'Alene River, Idaho

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus, David J. Hoffman and Robert A. Grove
Pages
267-288
Year
Volume
29
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
LEAD COMPOUNDS decreased red blood cell delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity (relative to control) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 33 Coeur D'Alene River Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS decreased hematocrit Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 Coeur D'Alene River Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS decreased hemoglobin (relative to control) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 33 Coeur D'Alene River Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS 0.23 ug/g (wet wt) mean lead concentration in liver Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 Coeur D'Alene River Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS no effect number of young produced Both Male and Female Adult 20 nests Coeur D'Alene River Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) effects on hepatic mixed function oxidases and porphyria in birds - II. American kestrel

Author(s)
Elliot, J.E., S.W. Kennedy, D. Jeffrey and L. Shutt
Pages
141-145
Year
Issue
1/2
Volume
99
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
PCB 105 (2,3,3',4,4'-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL) no effect hepatic porphyrin levels Female Adult 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
PCB 105 (2,3,3',4,4'-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL) no effect liver weight Female Adult 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
PCB 105 (2,3,3',4,4'-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL) 2.4 (control), 119.0 (PCB 153), 182.0 (PCB 105), 3.3 (PCB 126) mg/kg, wet weight PCB concentrations in pooled adipose tissue Female Adult 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Eggshell modifications in captive American kestrels resulting from Aroclor 1248 in the diet

Author(s)
Lowe, Peter T. and Rey C. Stendell
Pages
519-522
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1248 5% decrease @ 3.0 ug/g mean eggshell thickness Female Adult 8 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1248 5.60 ug/g (1.15 SD), PCBs; 0.15 ug/g (0.05 SD), dieldrin; 0.15 ug/g (0.07 SD), DDE @ 3.0 ug/g mean egg concentrations, wet wt Female Adult 8 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Survival, growth, and histopathological effects of paraquat ingestion in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., J. Christian Franson, Oliver H. Pattee and Christine M. Bunck
Pages
495-500
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARAQUAT decreased @ 25, 60 mg/kg skeletal growth (humerus, femur, radius-ulna, tibia-fibula) Not Reported Juvenile 11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Reproductive and morphological effects of o,p-dicofol on two generations of captive American kestrels

Author(s)
MacLellan, K.N.M., D.M. Bird, D.M. Fry, and J.L. Cowles
Pages
364-372
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DICOFOL increased @ 5 mg/kg bw incidence of abnormal gonads in male offspring of dicofol-treated females versus controls Male Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls to Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica) and American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Elliot, John E., Sean W. Kennedy, Angela Lorenzen
Pages
57-75
Year
Volume
51
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254, PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 77 (3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased with Aroclor 1254 coproporphyrin levels in liver versus controls Female Adult 4/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 77 (3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased with PCB 77 liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity versus controls Female Adult 4/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 77 (3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL) decreased with PCB 153 liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity versus controls Female Adult 4/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 77 (3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased with PCB 126 liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity versus controls Female Adult 4/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Survival, growth, and accumulation of ingested lead in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Christian J. Franson, Oliver H. Pattee, Christine M. Bunck and Allen Anderson
Pages
89-94
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) 40% at 625 mg/kg bw Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decrease at 125, 625 mg/kg bw body weight at end of dosing relative to control Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decrease at 125, 625 mg/kg bw growth rate relative to control Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) increase at all doses
1.4, 3.5, 5.5 ppm at 25, 125, 625 mg/kg bw, respectively 		liver lead concentration Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Bird poisonings with cyclodienes in suburbia: Links to historic use on turf

Author(s)
Okoniewski, Joseph C. and Elizabeth Novesky
Pages
630-639
Year
Issue
3
Volume
57
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of wild birds dying diagnosed with organochlorine poisoning Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 5 kestrels Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior of captive American kestrels hatched from o,p-dicofol exposed females

Author(s)
MacLellan, K.N.M., D.M. Bird, L.J. Shutt, and D.M. Fry
Pages
411-415
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DICOFOL increased incidence of abnormal behavior in adult offspring of treated females Both Male and Female Adult 10 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

DDE-induced eggshell thinning in the American kestrel: A comparison of the field situation and laboratory results

Author(s)
Lincer, Jeffrey L.
Pages
781-793
Year
Issue
3
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) decrease at all doses (15.1-29.2%) eggshell thickness Female Adult 2-5 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Short-term effects of oil ingestion on American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Pattee, Oliver H. and J. Chrisian Franson
Pages
235-241
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS decreased @ 3.0% body weight Both Male and Female Juvenile 16/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CRUDE OILS increased @ 3.0% food consumption Both Male and Female Juvenile 16/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Accumulation and effects in birds

Author(s)
Peakall, D.B.
Pages
31-47
Publisher
CRC Press, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Location Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Developmental Toxicity of PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl) in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Mark J. Melancon, Patrice N. Klein, Clifford P. Rice, John D. Eisemann, Randy K. Hines, James W. Spann, and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
188-200
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) decreased @ 250, 1000 ng/g bw body and organ growth versus controls Not Reported Nestling 9-11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 1-Day 10 Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased @ 50,250,1000 ng/g bw incidence and severity of lesions in liver, spleen, bursa, thyroid versus controls Not Reported Nestling 9-11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 1-Day 10 Laboratory
Citation:

Organochlorine contaminants in a terrestrial foodweb on the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, Canada 1987 - 89

Author(s)
Hebert, C.E., D.V. Weseloh, L. Kot and V. Glooschenko
Pages
356-366
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) 5.53 mg/kg egg (wet wt) mean DDE concentration in eggs (pooled analyses) Both Male and Female Embryo 10 eggs N. Niagra Peninsula, Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Synergistic effects of Aroclor 1254 on the semen characteristics of American kestrels

Author(s)
Bird, D.M., P.H. Tucker, G.A. Fox and P.C. Lague
Pages
633-640
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254 21.5-22.6% decrease @ 33 ppm sperm concentration Male Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Eggshell thickness and reproduction in American kestrels exposed to chronic dietary lead

Author(s)
Pattee, Oliver H.
Pages
29-34
Year
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) no effect eggshell thickness Female Adult 16 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Dietary exposure of kestrels to lead

Author(s)
Stendell, Rey C.
Pages
527-530
Year
Issue
2
Volume
44
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) 0.367 (0.129 SE) ppm at 49 mg/d mean lead concentration (wet wt) in liver Female Adult 3/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Effects of diet and cold exposure on captive female mourning doves dosed with lead shot

Author(s)
Marn, Carolyn M., Ralph E. Mirarchi and Michael E. Lisano
Pages
589-594
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) 65.4-123.2 ug/g, dry wt mean lead concentrations in femur (greater accumulation with mixed seed vs. pelleted diet) Female Adult 12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) 2.80-4.98 ug/g, dry wt mean lead concentrations in liver (greater accumulation with mixed seed vs. pelleted diet) Female Adult 12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) 47.2-190.7 ug/g, dry wt mean lead concentrations in kidney (greater accumulation with mixed seed vs. pelleted diet) Female Adult 12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Histologic and ultrastructural lesions of mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) poisoned by lead shot

Author(s)
Kendall, Ronald J., Patrick F. Scanlon and Hugo P. Veit
Pages
952-956
Year
Issue
6
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) high degree of lesions present histological exam of acid-fast intranuclear inclusions of cells of kidney proximal convoluted tubules Not Reported Not Reported 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) high degree of lesions present histological exam for hemosiderin loading in liver Not Reported Not Reported 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) 1,297.57 ug/g, dry wt lead concentration in kidneys Not Reported Not Reported 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) 178.81 ug/g, dry wt lead concentration in liver Not Reported Not Reported 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on the metabolic rates of mourning doves exposed to low ambient temperatures

Author(s)
Tori, Gildo M. and Larry P. Mayer
Pages
678-682
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254 no effect body weight Male Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254 decreased at 40 ppm body temperature at a range of ambient temperatures Male Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Acute toxicity of certain insecticides to the bobwhite quail and mourning dove

Author(s)
Dahlen, James H.,and Arnold O. Haugen
Pages
477-481
Year
Issue
4
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LINDANE 350-400 mg/kg approximate median lethal dosage Not Reported Not Reported 21 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Radiocesium in mourning doves: Effects of a contaminated reservoir drawdown and risk to human consumers

Author(s)
Kennamer, Robert A., I. Lehr Brisbin, Jr., Clark D. McCreedy and Joanna Burger
Pages
497-508
Year
Issue
2
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CESIUM COMPOUNDS 0.24 (0.027 SE) Bq/g, wet weight (whole body)
0.30 (0.036 SE) Bq/g, wet weight (muscle) 		whole body and muscle concentrations of 137Cesium Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 27 doves Par Pond reservoir system, Savannah River Site Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Chronic toxicity of methiocarb to grackles, doves and quail and reproductive effects in quail

Author(s)
Schafer, E.W., Jr., R.B. Brunton, N.F. Lockyer and D.J. Cunningham
Pages
641-647
Year
Issue
6
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHIOCARB decreased at 1,000 ppm body weight Not Reported Not Reported 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
METHIOCARB decreased at all doses food consumption Not Reported Not Reported 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of lead shot ingestion on captive mourning dove survivability and reproduction

Author(s)
Buerger, Theodore T., Ralph E. Mirarchi and Michael E. Lisano
Pages
1-8
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) increased at all doses mortality Not Reported Adult 25 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Is the operational use of strychnine to control ground squirrels detrimental to burrowing owls?

Author(s)
James, Paul C., Glen A. Fox and Thomas J. Ethier
Pages
120-123
Year
Issue
4
Volume
24
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
STRYCHNINE no effect proportion of pairs that raised at least 1 young Both Male and Female Adult 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
STRYCHNINE no effect number of young produced per nest attempt Both Male and Female Juvenile 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
STRYCHNINE no effect number of chicks produced per successful pair Both Male and Female Juvenile 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
STRYCHNINE no effect chick mass index Both Male and Female Juvenile 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Organochlorine pesticide-related mortalities of raptors and other birds in New York, 1982-1986.

Author(s)
Stone, Ward B. and Joseph C. Okoniewski
Pages
429-438
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, MIREX, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased mortality due to pesticide exposure based on history, ante-mortem signs, and gross pathology Not Reported Not Reported 8 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Productivity and survival of great horned owls exposed to dieldrin

Author(s)
Frank, Rosemary A. and R. Scott Lutz
Pages
331-339
Year
Volume
101
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DIELDRIN no effect productivity in contaminated versus uncontaminated sites Both Male and Female Adult 3-4 nests on contaminated sites; 5-9 nests on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN negative correlation relationship between residue in plasma and survival Not Reported Juvenile 6 birds (contaminated sites), 10 birds (uncontaminated sites) Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN no effect daily and interval survival estimates on uncontaminated versus contaminated sites Not Reported Juvenile 14 birds on contaminated sites; 41 birds on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN no effect daily survival rates on uncontaminated versus contaminated sites Not Reported Adult 9 birds on contaminated sites; 11 birds on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine toxicants in great horned owls from New York, 1981-82

Author(s)
Stone, Ward B., and Joseph C. Okoniewski
Pages
1-7
Year
Issue
1
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased mortality due to PCB intoxication, based on brain residues Female Adult 1 owl Greene County Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bird poisonings with cyclodienes in suburbia: Links to historic use on turf

Author(s)
Okoniewski, Joseph C. and Elizabeth Novesky
Pages
630-639
Year
Issue
3
Volume
57
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of wild birds dying diagnosed with organochlorine poisoning Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

First records of chlordane-related mortality in wild birds

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J. and Charles J. Henny
Pages
196-198
Year
Issue
1
Volume
47
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of mortality as a result of organochlorine poisoning Female Adult 1 owl 6 km s. of Corvallis Toxicity Factor Datasets

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Residues in common flicker and mountain bluebird eggs one year after a DDT application

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Roger A. Olson and Dennis L. Meeker
Pages
115-122
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) no effect eggshell thickness Female Adult 8 eggs (reference), 12 eggs (treatment) NE Oregon, SE Washington, Idaho Toxicity Factor Datasets

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Trophic accumulation of DDT in a terrestrial food web

Author(s)
Rudd, R.L., R.B. Craig and W.S. Williams
Pages
219-228
Year
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 293.43-820.93 ppm, lipid weight concentrations of DDT, DDE, DDD (combined) in skin and brains, 2 years post-application Not Reported Not Reported 2 birds 3.2 km NE of Davis Toxicity Factor Datasets Yolo
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) see figure figure showing concentration of DDT and metabolites in skin and brains before and after application Not Reported Not Reported 27 birds (3-4/sampling time) 3.2 km NE of Davis Toxicity Factor Datasets Yolo
Citation:

The effects of dieldrin on the behavior of young loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Busbee, Everette L.
Pages
28-35
Year
Volume
94
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN increased at 1 mg/kg latency to formation of natural prey killing behaviors Not Reported Juvenile 10-11/dose collected in San Diego County, CA Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day post-hatch (begin) Laboratory

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus), Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus), Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Effects on wildlife from use of endrin in Washington state orchards

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J., Charles J. Henny, T. Earl Kaiser and Robert A. Grove
Pages
159-174
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ENDRIN brain=greater than or equal to 0.8 ppm, wet wt tissue endrin residues Not Reported Not Reported 1-3 animals Wenatchee Toxicity Factor Datasets
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