Charadriiformes

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Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus)

Citation:

Recent Snowy Plover population increase arises from high immigration rate in coastal northern California.

Author(s)
Colwell, M.A., Feucht, E.J., Lau, M.J., Orluck, D.J., McAllister, S.E. and Transou, A.N.
Issue
1
Volume
124
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Countries
Population Density See citation Figure 2 Number of breeding adults/area by year B Adult See citation Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt Breeding USA
Citation:

Snowy Plover nest survival in Kansas and effective management to counter negative effects of precipitation.

Author(s)
Sexson, M.G. and Farley, G.H.
Issue
8
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 29.4 [23.0-36.5 (95% CI)] Annual survival % B Both Adults and Juveniles 100 nests Quivira National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.942 [0.934-0.949 (95% CI)] Nest daily survial rate B Chick 232 nests Quivira National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.917 [0.886-0.940 (95% CI)] Nest daily survial rate B Chick 31 nests Cheyenne Bottoms Wilderness Area Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.954 [0.945-0.962 (95% CI)] Nest daily survial rate B Chick 100 nests Quivira National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 21.2 [16.9-25.6 (95% CI)] Annual survival % B Both Adults and Juveniles 232 nests Quivira National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 10.5 [4.3-20.0 (95% CI)] Annual survival % B Both Adults and Juveniles 31 nests Cheyenne Bottoms Wilderness Area Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in various tissues of waterbirds in Nalabana bird sanctuary, Chilika Lake, Orissa, India.

Author(s)
Dhananjayan, V.
Issue
1
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Small crabs, sand hoppers, marine worms M Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets INDIA
Citation:

Distribution and abundance of Snowy Plovers in eastern North America, the Caribbean, and the Bahamas.

Author(s)
Gorman, L.R. and Haig, S.M.
Issue
1
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density Review Distribution/occurrence in eastern US 3536 records Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Lifetime reproductive success of Snowy Plovers in coastal northern California.

Author(s)
Herman, D.M. and Colwell, M.A.
Issue
3
Volume
117
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Longevity 2.3 Lifespan of birds attaining >1y y 132 Beaches & Eel River Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt USA 1.8
Citation:

Seasonal abundance of shorebirds at the Guerrero Negro wetland complex, Baja California, Mexico.

Author(s)
Carmona, R., Arce, N., Ayala-Pérez, V. and Danemann, G.D.
Issue
1
Volume
118
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Population Density 67 Individuals/33,000 ha B Both Adults and Juveniles Exportadora de Sal S.A. de C.V. saltworks Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density 54 Individuals/21,000 ha B Both Adults and Juveniles Guerrero Negro Lagoon Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density 234 Individuals/57,100 ha B Both Adults and Juveniles Ojo de Liebre Lagoon Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density See citation Monthly & seasonal census/111,100 ha B Both Adults and Juveniles Guerrero Negro wetland complex Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Demography of snowy plovers (Charadrius nivosus) on the Missouri River.

Author(s)
Hunt, K.L., Taygan, N., Catlin, D.H., Felio, J.H. and Fraser, J.D.
Issue
2
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.978 Modeled daily survival rate Adult Lewis and Clark Lake Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.008
Survival/ Mortality 0.588 Modeled annual survival rate Adult 132 Lewis and Clark Lake Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.119
Hatching Success 0.5 Embryo 56 Lewis and Clark Lake Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Hatching or Parturition B Embryo 56 eggs Lewis and Clark Lake Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Nesting B Adult 11 nests Lewis and Clark Lake Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Survival and natal dispersal of juvenile Snowy Plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) in central coastal California.

Author(s)
Stenzel, L.E., Page, G.W., Warriner, J.C., Warriner, J.S., George, D.E., Eyster, C.R., Ramer, B.A. and Neuman, K.K.
Issue
3
Volume
124
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.463 Modeled survival from fledgling to following April B Juvenile Central coast California Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.018
Survival/ Mortality 0.691 Modeled survival from fledgling to following April B Adult Central coast California Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.033
Citation:

Male‐skewed adult sex ratio, survival, mating opportunity and annual productivity in the Snowy Plover Charadrius alexandrinus.

Author(s)
Stenzel, L.E., Page, G.W., Warriner, J.C., Warriner, J.S., Neuman, K.K., George, D.E., Eyster, C.R. and Bidstrup, F.C.
Issue
2
Volume
153
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.734 Modeled survival seasons M Adult 354 Monterey Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey USA 0.028
Survival/ Mortality 0.693 Modeled survival seasons F Adult 346 Monterey Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey USA 0.03
Citation:

Snowy Plover reproductive success in beach and river habitats.

Author(s)
Colwell, M.A., Millett, C.B., Meyer, J.J., Hall, J.N., Hurley, S.J., McAllister, S.E., Transou, A.N. and LeValley, R.R.
Issue
4
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type California Counties Countries
Hatching Success 2001: 59, 2002: 48, 2003: 76, 2004: 60 Chick success: % chicks that survived 28 d % Chick Eel River gravel bars Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt USA
Hatching Success 2001: 39, 2002: 11, 2003: 14, 2004: 44 Chick success: % chicks that survived 28 d % Chick Beach sites Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt USA
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis 28 d posthatch d posthatch B Fledgling Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt USA
Citation:

Population size of snowy plovers breeding in North America.

Author(s)
Thomas, S.M., Lyons, J.E., Andres, B.A., T-Smith, E.E., Palacios, E., Cavitt, J.F., Royle, J.A., Fellows, S.D., Maty, K., Howe, W.H. and Mellink, E.
Issue
1
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density See citation Table 2 Population estimates in North America 23555 estimated total All of North America Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Status of breeding and wintering snowy plovers in San Diego County, California, 1994–1999.

Author(s)
Powell, A.N., Fritz, C.L., Peterson, B.L. and Terp, J.M.
Issue
2
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Time of Hatching or Parturition See citation Figure 3 Embryo 801 nests Exposure Factor Datasets San Diego USA
Time of Nesting See citation Figure 3 B Adult 801 nests Exposure Factor Datasets San Diego USA
Hatching Success 1994: 0.42, 1995: 0.45, 1996: 0.33, 1997: 0.48, 1998: 0.46 Fledglings/nest B Fledgling 801 nests Exposure Factor Datasets San Diego USA
Citation:

Movements and fledging success of snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) chicks.

Author(s)
Wilson, C.A. and Colwell, M.A.
Issue
3
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Home Range Cumulative homerange by chick age B Chick Clam Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt USA
Home Range 1027 Adults tending broods in first 10 d m B Adult 29 Clam Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt USA 172
Home Range Inside fence: 780, outside fence: 1353 Daily distance from nest m M Adult Inside fence: 5, outside fence: 5 Clam Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt USA Inside fence: 90, outside fence: 90
Home Range Inside fence: 438, outside fence: 732 Daily distance from nest m M Adult Inside fence: 10, outside fence: 9 Clam Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt USA Inside fence:42, outside fence: 65
Citation:

Age-related survival and behavior of Snowy Plover chicks.

Author(s)
Colwell, M.A., Hurley, S.J., Hall, J.N. and Dinsmore, S.J.
Issue
3
Volume
109
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis Review d posthatch Fledgling Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality Review Percent mortality % Fledgling Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality Review Timing of mortality d posthatch Fledgling Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Recent declines in apparent survival and survey counts of Snowy Plovers breeding in the Southern High Plains of Texas.

Author(s)
Saalfeld, S.T., Conway, W.C., Haukos, D.A. and Johnson, W.P.
Issue
1
Volume
125
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 65 % B Adult 184 surveys Saline lakes on Southern High Plains Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 12 % B Juvenile 184 surveys Saline lakes on Southern High Plains Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Breeding ecology and management of snowy plovers in north-central Oklahoma.

Author(s)
Winton, B.R., Leslie Jr, D.M. and Rupert, J.R.
Issue
4
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 1995: 2.66, 1996: 2.83 Eggs/nest Embryo 1995: 238, 1996: 177 Alkaline flat at Salt Plains National Wildife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets USA 1995: 0.62, 1996: 0.46
Hatching Success 1995: 0.37, 1996: 0.51 Nest success based on observation % of total Embryo 1995: 238, 1996: 177 Alkaline flat at Salt Plains National Wildife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 1995: 0.37, 1996: 0.58 Nest success based on Mayfield Method % of total Embryo 1995: 98, 1996: 77 Alkaline flat at Salt Plains National Wildife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Apparent survival of snowy plovers (Charadrius nivosus) varies with reproductive effort and year and between sexes.

Author(s)
Colwell, M.A., Pearson, W.J., Eberhart-Phillips, L.J. and Dinsmore, S.J.
Issue
4
Volume
130
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 2.3 Average longevity y M Adult 102 Humboldt, Del Norte, & Mendocino Counties Exposure Factor Datasets USA 1.6
Survival/ Mortality 1.9 Average longevity y F Adult 123 Humboldt, Del Norte, & Mendocino Counties Exposure Factor Datasets USA 1.2

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Regional fidelity and movement patterns of wintering Killdeer in an agricultural landscape.

Author(s)
Sanzenbacher, P.M. and Haig, S.M.
Issue
1
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Home Range Winter residents: 7.73 sq km, year-round residents: 2.28 sq km sq km NR Adult Winter residents: 249, year-round residents: 86 Willamette Valley Exposure Factor Datasets USA Winter residents: 3.19 sq km, year-round residents: 2.05 sq km
Territory Size December: 14.52 km, January: 16.00, February: 15.86 km Distance traveled sq km NR Adult December: 11, January: 13, February: 14 Willamette Valley Exposure Factor Datasets USA December: 2.73, January: 3.50, February: 2.28 km
Citation:

Effects of carbaryl grasshopper control on nesting killdeer in North Dakota

Author(s)
Fair, Jeanne M, Patricia L. Kennedy and Lowell C. McEwen
Pages
881-890
Year
Issue
5
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CARBARYL increased at 0.56 kg/ha (2, 8-9 d. post-spray) whole carcass concentration of carbaryl Not Reported Not Reported 8-9 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBARYL no effect whole carcass lipid content Not Reported Not Reported 6-13 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBARYL no effect brain acetylcholinesterase activity Not Reported Not Reported 6-13 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine residues in nesting killdeer, Charadrius vociferus, and their eggs in North Dakota

Author(s)
Fair, Jeanne M., Lowell C. McEwen and Patricia L. Kennedy
Pages
328-331
Year
Issue
3
Volume
108
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) no correlation with DDE residues in eggs eggshell thickness Female Adult 12 eggs McHenry and Billings Counties Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Energy expenditure in reproductive effort of male and female killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Author(s)
Brunton, Dianne H.
Pages
553-564
Year
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Metabolic Rate 118.6 mean daily energy expenditure during reproduction (during late incubation) kJ/d Female Adult 14 Houghton Lake (lat. 44deg02', long. 08deg45') Exposure Factor Datasets 9.2 SE
Citation:

Diet of nesting killdeer in North Dakota

Author(s)
Fair, Jeanne M., Patricia L. Kennedy and Lowell C. McEwen
Pages
174-178
Year
Issue
1
Volume
107
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Acrididae (25.6%), Carabidae (26.2%), Tenebrionidae (8.5%), Curculionidae (7.1%), Scarabaeidae (6.8%), Hydrophilidae (1.3%), Chrysomelidae (1.1%), coleoptera larvae (9.7%), Syrphidae (3.3%), Sarcophagidae (1.9%), Muscidae (0.2%), lepidoptera larvae (0.5%), Formicidae (2.4%), Trichoptera (0.7%), Gastropoda (0.4%), Plant material (0.2%) occurence of dietary items as percent of total gut contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 72 birds McHenry and Billings Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Killdeer breeding densities

Author(s)
Mace, Terrence R.
Pages
442-443
Year
Issue
3
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 33.3 estimated breeding density in open field habitat (24 ha) pairs/100 ha Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported St. Paul Campus, Univ. of MN Exposure Factor Datasets

Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)

Citation:

Nesting success and status of the least tern breeding colony at Gibson Lake in southwestern Indiana.

Author(s)
DeVault, T.L., Douglas, M.B., Castrale, J.S., Mills, C.E., Hayes, T. and Rhodes Jr, O.E.
Issue
1
Volume
115
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success See citation Figure 2 Young fledged NR Fledgling See citation Gibson Generating Station, Gibson County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success See citation Figure 2 Nests hatched Embryo See citation Gibson Generating Station, Gibson County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Reproductive ecology of the Least Tern along the lower Mississippi River.

Author(s)
Szell, C.C. and Woodrey, M.S.
Issue
1
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 1995: 0.97, 1996: 0.03, 1997: 0.93 Ratio of hatched eggs:total eggs Embryo 1995: 1472, 1996: 624, 1997: 349 Cow Island, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 1995: 0.93, 1996: 0.30, 1997: 0.08 Ratio of hatched eggs:total eggs Embryo 1995: 520, 1996: 911, 1997: 671 Porter Lake, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 1995: 0.95, 1996: 0.90, 1997: 0.59 Ratio of hatched eggs:total eggs Embryo 1995: 602, 1996: 483, 1997: 708 St. Francis, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 1995: 0.87, 1996: 0.63, 1997: 0.40 Ratio of hatched eggs:total eggs Embryo 1995: 527, 1996: 397, 1997: 727 Kangaroo Pt., lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size 1995: 2.7, 1996: 2.3, 1997: 2.0 Clutch size Mean number of eggs/nest Embryo 1995: 550, 1996: 265, 1997: 172 Cow Island, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size 1995: 2.6, 1996: 2.3, 1997: 1.9 Clutch size Mean number of eggs/nest Embryo 1995: 201, 1996: 392, 1997:361 Porter Lake, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size 1995: 2.4, 1996: 2.6, 1997: 1.9 Clutch size Mean number of eggs/nest Embryo 1995: 245, 1996: 183, 1997: 374 St. Francis, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size 1995: 2.4, 1996: 2.5, 1997: 2.1 Clutch size Mean number of eggs/nest Embryo 1995: 219, 1996: 159, 1997: 346 Kangaroo Pt., lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Mating/ Laying 1995: 181, 1996: 184, 1997: 199 Clutch initiation dates Julian date Embryo 1995: 546, 1996: 272, 1997: 182 Cow Island, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Mating/ Laying 1995: 183, 1996: 187, 1997: 187 Clutch initiation dates Julian date Embryo 1995: 195, 1996: 371, 1997: 372 Porter Lake, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Mating/ Laying 1995: 187, 1996: 192 1997: 187 Clutch initiation dates Julian date Embryo 1995: 255, 1996: 196, 1997: 382 St. Francis, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Mating/ Laying 1995: 179, 1996: 182, 1997: 161 Clutch initiation dates Julian date Embryo 1995: 240, 1996: 161, 1997: 481 Kangaroo Pt., lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Least Tern chick survival on the lower Mississippi River.

Author(s)
Dugger, K.M., Ryan, M.R. and Renken, R.B.
Issue
2
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 43-62% Fledging success NR Fledgling 110 Lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Reproductive success of the interior least tern (Sterna antillarum) in relation to hydrology on the Lower Mississippi River.

Author(s)
Dugger, K.M., Ryan, M.R., Galat, D.L., Renken, R.B. and Smith, J.W.
Issue
2
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 0-1.4 Chicks fledged/pair NR Fledgling 110 Lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Productivity of endangered Least Terns (Sterna antillarum athalassos) below a hydropower and flood-control facility on the Arkansas River.

Author(s)
Leslie Jr, D.M., Wood, G.K. and Carter, T.S.
Issue
4
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 0.59 Fledglings/pair NR Fledgling Arkansas River at Tulsa Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Population Density 140 Adult pairs along 94 km B Adult Arkansas River at Tulsa Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 0.67 Fledglings/pair NR Fledgling Arkansas River at Tulsa Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Population Density 212 Adult pairs along 94 km B Adult Arkansas River at Tulsa Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Stage-specific survival rates of the endangered Least Tern (Sterna antillarum) in northwestern Oklahoma.

Author(s)
Schweitzer, S.H.
Volume
80
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality Review Percent survival Embryo Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Metapopulation dynamics of the California least tern.

Author(s)
Akçakaya, H.R., Atwood, J.L., Breininger, D., Collins, C.T. and Duncan, B.
Issue
4
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Hatching Success Review Fledglings per nest 522 Venice Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles USA
Citation:

Chick survival, fledgling residency and evaluation of methods for estimating fledging success in least terns.

Author(s)
Bailey, J.P. and Servello, F.A.
Issue
4
Volume
31
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 0.14-0.74 Fledging success Number of fledgings/number of hatched chicks NR Fledgling Towsn of Wells & Kennebunk Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Breeding biology of an interior least tern (Sterna antillarum athalassos) colony in Childress County of North Texas.

Author(s)
Conway, W.C., Smith, L.M. and Ray, J.D.
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 2.25 Mean clutch size Eggs Embryo 20 nests Priarie Dog Town Fork of the Red River in Childress County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Nesting June 1-July 10 Nest initiation 20 nests Priarie Dog Town Fork of the Red River in Childress County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Organochlorine pollutants and population status of least terns in South Carolina

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J. and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
62-71
Year
Issue
1
Volume
91
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 7% decrease eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 20 eggs Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Molt-breeding overlap and timing of pre-basic molt in Texas least terns

Author(s)
Thompson, Bruce C. and R. Douglas Slack
Pages
187-190
Year
Issue
2
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Molt May-Jul timing of primary molt Not Reported Adult 190 birds coastal areas Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Molt mid/late Jul-Sep timing of pre-basic molt Not Reported Adult Not Reported coastal areas Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Distribution and abundance of breeding snowy plovers on the Pacific coast of Baja California

Author(s)
Palacios, Eduardo, Lucia Alfaro and Gary W. Page
Pages
490-497
Year
Issue
4
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Hatching Success 1.73 average number of chicks per successful brood chicks/brood Not Reported Hatchling 119 broods Baja California peninsula Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO 0.78 SD
Citation:

Spacing out at Mono Lake: Breeding success, nest density, and predation in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Pages
13-24
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success range in percent of clutches hatching at least one chick (over 4 years) % Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.64 number of chicks fledged per successful brood (for one year) fledglings/brood Not Reported Fledgling 22 nests Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Clutches or Litters per year 2 number of clutches laid by 30 out of 81 total nesting females clutches/yr Female Adult 81 nesting females Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Citation:

Mating system and reproductive success of a small population of polygamous snowy plovers

Author(s)
Warriner, John S., Jane C. Warriner, Gary W. Page and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
15-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality 78.6 percent annual survival % Male Adult 56 birds Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Survival/ Mortality 72.6 percent annual survival % Female Adult 73 birds Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Citation:

Distribution of wintering snowy plovers in California and adjacent states

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Frances C. Bidstrup, Robert J. Ramer and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
145-170
Year
Issue
4
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density number of breeding birds per km of sandy beach surveyed birds/km Not Reported Not Reported 54.5-200.2 km per survey region mainland coast Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density number of wintering birds per km of sandy beach surveyed birds/km Not Reported Not Reported 54.5-200.2 km per survey region mainland coast Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Aspects of the occurrence of shorebirds on a central California estuary

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel and Claire M. Wolfe
Pages
15-32
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 1.9 (fall), 3.4 (winter), 1.1 (spring) mean population density birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported 5 seasons censused Bolinas Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore Exposure Factor Datasets Marin

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California least tern

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W.
Pages
1-24
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal late Apr time of arrival at breeding grounds Both Male and Female Adult 2 colonies Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach; Santa Margarita Lagoon Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Clutches or Litters per year 1 normal number of broods per year Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach; Santa Margarita Lagoon Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Time of Mating/ Laying May-Jul period of egg laying, 2 years Female Adult 2 colonies Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Population status and trends of the California least tern

Author(s)
Fancher, Jack M.
Pages
59-66
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.69 statewide average annual fledging rate, 13 years fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 832-1708 nesting pairs/year Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Demography of a California least tern colony including effects of the 1982-83 El Nino

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W., David W. Bradley and Jonathon L. Atwood
Pages
976-983
Year
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Longevity 13 age of oldest banded breeding birds yr Not Reported Adult 40-105 birds/year Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Survival/ Mortality 0.88 overall survival rate for adults that have returned to breed once Not Reported Adult 82-165 breeding pairs/year Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Survival/ Mortality 0.16 rate at which chicks survived to breed at least once Not Reported Chick 84-285 chicks/year Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Citation:

Experiments on the nesting behavior of the least tern, Sterna albifrons browni

Author(s)
Davis, Milton E.
Pages
25-43
Year
Issue
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Territory Size 40 radius of nesting territory cm Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Huntington Beach State Park Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 12 clutches Huntington Beach State Park Exposure Factor Datasets Orange

Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus)

Citation:

Longevity records of North American birds: Gaviidae through Alcidae

Author(s)
Clapp, Roger B., M. Kathleen Klimkiewicz and John H. Kennard
Pages
81-124
Year
Issue
2
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity 7-00 from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data yr-mo Not Reported Adult 35 band recoveries Exposure Factor Datasets USA
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