Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

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Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Diet of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) wintering on the central Texas coast.

Author(s)
Withers, K. and Brooks, T.S.
Issue
1
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Striped mullet: 25.5, gulf menhaden: 17.6, hardhead catfish: 11.8, Sciaendiae: 15.7, unidentifiable fish: 5.9 Frequency % Not Reported 51 Lavaca bay Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Striped mullet: 28.5, hardhead catfish: 2.5, gulf toadfish: 46.4 Sciaendiae: 0, unidentifiable fish: 3.6 Frequency % Not Reported 28 Laguna Madre Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Seasonal and annual patterns in density of double-crested cormorants in two coastal regions of Lake Huron.

Author(s)
Ridgway, M.S.
Issue
3
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Population Density See citation Table 1 Adults/sq km Adults/sq km NR Adult North Channel, Lake Huron Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Population Density See citation Table 1 Adults/sq km Adults/sq km NR Adult Georgian Bay, Lake Huron Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Annual Survival of Double-Crested Cormorants from the Great Lakes, 1979–2006.

Author(s)
Seamans, M.E., Ludwig, J.P., Stromborg, K., Ludwig II, F.E. and Ludwig, F.E.
Issue
sp1
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality See citation Figure 4 Second-year birds Adult Great Lakes region Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality See citation Figure 5 Hatch-year birds Juvenile Great Lakes region Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Survivorship and mortality patterns of Double-crested Cormorants at Spider Island, Wisconsin, 1988–2006. 

Author(s)
Stromborg, K.L., Ivan, J.S., Netto, J.K. and Courtney, C.R.
Issue
sp1
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 0.696 Survival, modeled average (Adult, at least 2 y) Percent Adult Lake Michigan Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.305 Survival, modeled average (first year) Percent Juvenile Lake Michigan Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.774 Survival, modeled average (Second/third year) Percent Juvenile Lake Michigan Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.633 Survival, modeled average (Adult, at least 4 y) Percent Adult Lake Michigan Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

From yellow perch to round goby: A review of double-crested cormorant diet and fish consumption at Three St. Lawrence River Colonies, 1999–2013.

Author(s)
Johnson, J.H., Farquhar, J.F., Klindt, R.M., Mazzocchi, I. and Mathers, A.
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Pre-goby: 11.9, Transition 12.7, Post-goby: 16.7 Number of fish eaten per pellet by different periods Numerb of fish NR Adult Pre-goby: 923, Transition 1631, Post-goby: 2035 McNair Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition Pre-goby: 13.2, Transition 12.8, Post-goby: 17.0 Number of fish eaten per pellet by different periods Numerb of fish NR Adult Pre-goby: 1187, Transition 518, Post-goby: 1404 Strachan Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition See citation Table 4 Percent species by number by different periods % NR Not Reported See citation Three sites along St. Lawrence River Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition Pre-goby: 14.4, Transition 14.3, Post-goby: 20.1 Number of fish eaten per pellet by different periods Numerb of fish NR Adult Pre-goby: 3100, Transition 2206, Post-goby: 1028 Griswold Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Recent population size, trends, and limiting factors for the double‐crested cormorant in western North America.

Author(s)
Adkins, J.Y., Roby, D.D., Lyons, D.E., Courtot, K.N., Collis, K., Carter, H.R., Shuford, W.D. and Capitolo, P.J.
Issue
7
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Location Type Countries
Population Density See citation Breeding pairs/location Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Double-crested cormorants during the chick-rearing period at a large colony in Southern Ontario: analyses of chick diet, feeding rates and foraging directions.

Author(s)
Andrews, D.W., Fraser, G.S. and Weseloh, D.V.
Issue
sp1
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition 2006: >93% alewife, 2007: 86.5%; balance made up of round goby, rainbow smelt, pumpkinseed Chick diet % by mass B Adult Tommy Thompson Park, Lake Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Reproductive success of colonial tree-nesting waterbirds in Prairie Pothole Wetlands and rivers throughout Northeastern South Dakota.

Author(s)
Baker, N.J., Dieter, C.D. and Bakker, K.K.
Issue
1
Volume
174
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 2008: 1.79 ± 0.03, 2009: 1.96 ± 0.02 Brood size Number of hatchlings NR Hatchling 2008: 493 nests, 2009: 559 nests Northeast SD Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Hatching or Parturition 2008: June 4, 2009: May 29 Earliest hatch date Hatchling 2008: 493 nests, 2009: 559 nests Northeast SD Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 2008: 49.5% [45.9-52.9 (95% CI)], 2009: 59.4% [55.8-63.1 (95% CI)] Fledge success Hatchling 2008: 28, 2009: 25 Northeast SD Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario: two decades of studies on the diet, fish consumption, and management of double-crested cormorants.

Author(s)
Johnson, J.H., McCullough, R.D., Farquhar, J.F. and Mazzocchi, I.
Issue
2
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Pre-goby: 10.15, Transition 10.25, Post-goby: 14.81 Number of fish eaten per pellet by different periods Numerb of fish NR Not Reported Pre-goby: 17,681, Transition 1800, Post-goby: 4662 Lilttle Galloo Island, Lake Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition See citation Table 4 Percent species by number by different periods % NR Not Reported Pre-goby: 17,681, Transition 1800, Post-goby: 4662 Lilttle Galloo Island, Lake Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Winter and summer home ranges and core use areas of double-crested cormorants captured near aquaculture facilities in the southeastern United States.

Author(s)
King, D.T., Strickland, B.K. and Radomski, A.A.
Issue
sp1
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Home Range 17490 sq km sq km B Adult 37 Mississipi Alluvial Valley (AR, MS, LA) & Upper Coastal Plain (AL, MS) Exposure Factor Datasets Over-wintering populations USA 1986
Citation:

Monitoring Colonial Nesting Birds in Estero Bay Aquatic Preserve.

Author(s)
Clark, C.P. and Leary, R.E.
Issue
2
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Location Type Condition Countries
Population Density See citation Figure 2 Active nests/11,000 ha Adult Estero Bay Aquatic Preserve Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Citation:

Density-dependent growth of double-crested cormorant colonies on Lake Huron.

Author(s)
Ridgway, M.S., Pollard, J.B. and Weseloh, D.C.
Issue
10
Volume
84
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Location Type Condition Countries
Population Density 1990: 3985, 1994: 9854, 1997: 8217, 2000: 12821, 2003: 11470 Number of nests Number of nests Georgian Bay, Lake Huron Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding CANADA
Population Density 1990: 4310, 1994: 7281, 1997: 8494, 2000: 12441, 2003: 11527 Number of nests Number of nests North Channel, Lake Huron Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding CANADA
Citation:

Colony size and diet composition of piscivorous waterbirds on the lower Columbia River: implications for losses of juvenile salmonids to avian predation.

Author(s)
Collis, K., Roby, D.D., Craig, D.P., Adamany, S., Adkins, J.Y. and Lyons, D.E.
Issue
3
Volume
131
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Herring, shad: 0.6, Peamouth/Pikeminnow: 24.0, Sucker: 5.8, Smelt: 0.3, Salmonid: 45.5, Stickleback: 5.0, Sculpin: 8.0, Surfperch: 0.3, Flounder: 8.5, Other: 1.8 Percent by mass from adult foregut and chick regurgitation samples % NR Both Adults and Juveniles 206 Rice Island/Channel Markers Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Herring, shad: 27.8, Peamouth/Pikeminnow: 0.7, Sucker: 4.7, Smelt: 7.6, Salmonid: 15.9, Stickleback: 2.1, Sculpin: 9.2, Surfperch: 7.3, Flounder: Pacific sand lance: 1.8, Flounder: 9.8 Other: 1.3 Percent by mass from adult foregut and chick regurgitation samples % NR Both Adults and Juveniles 128 East Sand Island Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Spatial and temporal comparisons of double-crested cormorant diets following the establishment of alewife in Lake Champlain, USA.

Author(s)
DeBruyne, R.L., DeVault, T.L., Duerr, A.E., Capen, D.E., Pogmore, F.E., Jackson, J.R. and Rudstam, L.G.
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Cyprinid, Lepomis spp., rainbow smelt, rock bass, white perch, yellow perch Percent by number before alewife eastablishment % Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Alewife ,cyprinid, Lepomis spp., rainbow smelt, rock bass, white perch, yellow perch Percent by number after alewife eastablishment % Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Analysis of prey selection by double-crested cormorants: A 15-year diet study in Oneida Lake, New York.

Author(s)
DeBruyne, R.L., Coleman, J.T., Jackson, J.R., Rudstam, L.G. and VanDeValk, A.J.
Issue
2
Volume
142
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Percent by number % Lake Oneida Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition See citation Percent by number % Lake Oneida Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) of Leech Lake, Minnesota: Temporal Variation of Diets and Assessment of Differential Prey Selection in Adults.

Author(s)
Hundt, P.J., Simons, A.M. and Pereira, D.L.
Issue
2
Volume
169
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Percent composition and biomass B Adult Exposure Factor Datasets Leech Lake USA
Dietary Composition See citation Percent composition and biomass B Chick Exposure Factor Datasets Leech Lake USA
Citation:

Hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase-inducing potency in ovo and cytosolic Ah receptor binding affinity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: comparison of four avian species

Author(s)
Sanderson, J. Thomas and Gail D. Bellward
Pages
131-145
Year
Volume
132
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) observed at 3, 10, 100 ug/kg mortality Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect body and organ weights Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) observed at 3, 10, 100 ug/kg edema Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased at 10, 100 ug/kg hepatic microsomal cytP450 content Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased at 3, 10, 100 ug/kg hepatic microsomal EROD activity Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentacholorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected cormorant eggs injected into double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs

Author(s)
Powell, Debra C., Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Donald E. Tillit, Jon F. Powell, Janelle C. Restum, Kenneth L. Stromborg, John P. Giesy and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
1450-1455
Year
Issue
7
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 400, 800 ug/kg egg incidence of embryo mortality versus controls Not Reported Embryo 15-60/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased @ 5 ug/kg weight of heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Embryo 15-60/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 5 ug/kg egg weights of heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 8-29/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased at 4.0 ug/kg egg incidence of embryo mortality versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 58-60/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect weight of brain, heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Double-crested cormorants of the Great Lakes: egg-laying parameters, reproductive failure, and contaminant residues in eggs, Lake Huron 1972-1973.

Author(s)
Weseloh, D. Vaughn, Stanley M. Teeple, and Michael Gilbertson
Pages
427-436
Year
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 2.4% mean hatching success in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo 331 eggs Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.06-0.11 (1972); 0.3 (1973) fledging success (young/nest) in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo 42 (1973)-66 (1972) nests Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 95% percent of eggs lost or broken before hatching in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo 235 eggs Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 23.9% thinner eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 eggshells in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo 18 eggs Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans on fish-eating birds

Author(s)
Bosveld, A.T.C. (Bart), and Martin Van den Berg
Pages
147-166
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review incidence of embryonic deformities, depressed growth Embryo, Juvenile Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS review enzyme induction Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive success, developmental anomalies, and environmental contaminants in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Author(s)
Larson, Jill M., William H. Karasov, Louis Sileo, Kenneth L. Stromborg, Barbara A. Hanbidge, John P. Giesy, Paul D. Jones, Donald E. Tillitt and David A. Verbrugge
Pages
553-559
Year
Issue
4
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased compared with reference hatching success (# hatched/# eggs) Both Male and Female Hatchling 466 and 953 nests (2 yrs) Spider Is., Lake Michigan Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased compared with reference clutch size Female Adult 466 and 953 nests (2 yrs) Spider Is., Lake Michigan Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased compared with reference proportion of nestlings with bill defects Both Male and Female Hatchling 1,511 and 2,700 chicks (2 yrs) Spider Is., Lake Michigan Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury in wild cormorants, pelicans, their eggs, food and environment

Author(s)
Greichus, Yvonne A. Greichus and R.J. Emerick
Pages
321-328
Year
Issue
6
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 250 Ratio of carcass concentration (4.6 ppm wet wt) to dietary concentration of PCBs Not Reported Adult 10 carcasses Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 5.7 ppm wet wt PCBs concentration in eggs Female Adult 5 eggs Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.24 ppm wet wt PCBs concentration in carcass Not Reported Juvenile 5 birds Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets 2-4 wks old
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 14 Ratio of concentration in carcass (0.64 ppm wet wt mercury) to dietary concentration (fish) Not Reported Adult 10 carcasses Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.29 ppm wet wt mercury mean concentration in eggs Female Adult 5 eggs Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.28 ppm wet wt mercury concentration in liver Not Reported Nestling 5 birds Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets 2-4 wks old
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 7.98 ppm wet wt mercury concentration in liver Both Male and Female Adult 5 birds Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Significance of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues to breeding pelicans and cormorants

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Joseph J. Hickey, Robert W. Risebrough, Donald F. Hughes, and Robert E. Christensen
Pages
91-112
Year
Volume
83
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 10.4 ppm DDE, 8 ppm est. PCBs, <0.1 ppm DDD, 0.2 ppm DDT residues measured in live and dead eggs Female Adult 11 colonies Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS negative correlation correlation of egg concentration of DDE and est. PCB's and shell thickness and weight Female Adult 35 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased 8.3% compared with pre-1940 reference measurements eggshell thickness Female Adult 35 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin injected into the yolks of double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs prior to incubation

Author(s)
Powell, Debra, Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Don E. Tillitt, Mary E. Kelly, Kenneth L. Stromborg, Mark J. Melancon, Scott D. Fitzgerald, and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
2035-2040
Year
Issue
10
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased @ 5.4, 10.7, 11.7 ug/kg egg mortality in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased @ 175, 349, 698 ug/kg egg mortality in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 4.0 ug/kg egg (0.8-7.2) LD50 (95% confidence limits) Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) 177 ug/kg egg (77-264) LD50 (95% confidence limits) Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) no effect incidence of developmental abnormalities, edema, body weight effects, spleen or gonad histopathologic anomalies, or sex ratio in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect incidence of developmental abnormalities, edema, body weight effects, spleen or gonad histopathologic anomalies, or sex ratio in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased @ all doses hepatic EROD activity in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased @ all doses hepatic EROD activity in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) decreased @ 349 ug/kg egg spleen weights in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) decreased @ 5.4, 11.7 ug/kg egg spleen weights in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Accumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents by double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus, Pelicaniformes) chicks in the North American Great Lakes

Author(s)
Jones, P.D., J.P. Giesy, J.L. Newsted, D.A. Verbrugge, J.P. Ludwig, M.E. Ludwig, H.J. Auman, R. Crawford, D.E. Tillitt, T.J. Kubiak, and D.A. Best
Pages
192-209
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 31.3 mean biomagnification factor for eggs from forage fish Female Adult 12 eggs/site x 5 sites Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 162.4 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained (from eggs to largest chicks) Not Reported Nestling 20 chicks Green Bay, Lake Michigan Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 100.4 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained from egg to largest chick stage Not Reported Nestling 20 chicks Beaver Islands, Lake Michigan Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 37.6 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained (from eggs to largest chicks) Not Reported Nestling 20 chicks Thunder Bay, Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 28.3 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained (from eggs to largest chicks) Not Reported Nestling 20 chicks North Channel, Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 47.5 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained (from eggs to largest chicks) Not Reported Nestling 20 chicks St. Martin's Shoal, Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine residues and shell thinning in Oregon seabird eggs

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
15-21
Year
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS no effect shell thickness Female Adult 10 eggs from 10 nests OR coast Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Embryonic abnormalities and organochlorine contamination in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia) from the upper Great Lakes in 1988

Author(s)
Yamashita, Nobuyoshi, Shinsuke Tanabe, James P. Ludwig, Hiroko Kurita, Matthew E. Ludwig, and Ryo Tatsukawa
Pages
163-173
Year
Volume
79
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of deformities in live embryos relative to 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents of PCBs, PCDFs, and PCDDs Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Lakes Michigan, Huron, Superior, North Channel Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in double-crested cormorant chicks (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Author(s)
Sanderson, J. Thomas, Ross J. Norstrom, John E. Elliott, Leslie E. Hart, Kimberly M. Cheng and Gail D. Bellward
Pages
247-265
Year
Volume
41
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased at 276, 672, 1606 ng/kg Mean yolk weight of eggs Female Both Adults and Juveniles 5-12 eggs/dose Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 1606 ng/kg total hepatic cytochrome P450 content Not Reported Hatchling 5-12 eggs/dose Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 1606 ng/kg hepatic EROD activity Not Reported Hatchling 5-12 eggs/dose Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS positive regression linear regression of hepatic EROD activity or cyt P450 content on Toxic Equivalency Factors Not Reported Hatchling 5-12 eggs/dose Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS negative regression linear regression of wing length on Toxic Equivalency Factors Not Reported Hatchling 5-12 eggs/dose Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Heavy metal and metallothionein concentrations in Atlantic Canadian seabirds

Author(s)
Elliott, J.E., A.M. Scheuhammer, F.A. Leighton and P.A. Pearce
Pages
63-73
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
CADMIUM (elemental), MERCURY (elemental) no correlation correlation of mean metallothionein concentration (13.2-24.4 ug/g tissue) and metal concentrations in kidneys Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 24 birds Heron Is., Manawagonish Is., Ile aux pommes Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Polychlorinated biphenyl residues and egg mortality in double-crested cormorants from the Great Lakes

Author(s)
Tillit, Donald E., Gerald T. Ankley, John P. Giesy, James P. Ludwig, Hiroko Kurita-Matsuba, D. Vaughn Weseloh, Peter S. Ross, Christine A. Bishop, Lou Sileo, Ken L. Stromborg, Jill Larson, Timothy J. Kubiak
Pages
1281-1288
Year
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS positive correlation correlation of embryo mortality with TCDD equivalents in eggs Not Reported Embryo 11 colonies @ 25-50 nests/colony Great Lakes Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces hepatic cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonic acid epoxygenation in diverse avian orders: regioisomer selectivity and immunochemical comparison of the TCDD-induced P450s to CYP1A4 and 1A5

Author(s)
Gilday, D., G.D. Bellward, J.T. Sanderson, D.M. Janz, and A.B. Rifkind
Pages
106-116
Year
Volume
150
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS increased P-450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism by liver microsomes Not Reported Embryo 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day Laboratory
Citation:

Reproductive failures of double-crested cormorants in southern California and Baja California

Author(s)
Gress, Franklin, Robert W. Risebrough, Daniel W. Anderson, Lloyd F. Kiff and Joseph R. Jehl, Jr.
Pages
197-208
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 28.8% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult 17 eggs Anacapa Island Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 38.3% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult 23 eggs Los Coronados Island Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Brood size and chick position as factors influencing feeding frequency, growth, and survival of nestling double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus

Author(s)
Leger, Claire and Raymond McNeil
Pages
351-361
Year
Issue
3
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Food Ingestion Rate mean meal weight of chicks aged 5-37 days g Not Reported Juvenile 2 chicks Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 12/46 number died/number hatched Not Reported Juvenile 14 nests Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Breeding biology of the double-crested cormorant on Utah Lake

Author(s)
Mitchell, Ronald M.
Pages
1-23
Year
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Clutch or Litter Size 3.8 eggs/nest Female Adult Not Reported Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 36 g Not Reported Hatchling 16 birds Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets 1 d
Body Weight - Mean 1543 g Not Reported Juvenile 13 birds Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets 23 d
Citation:

Caloric intake of nestling double-crested cormorants

Author(s)
Dunn, Erica H.
Pages
553-565
Year
Volume
92
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition cunner (59.7%), winter flounder (15.5%), sculpin (2.4%), rock eel (0.3%), American eel (6.6%), pollack (9.8%), mummichog (5.8%) frequency by weight of fish regurgitated by adult cormorants Both Male and Female Adult 17 samples Duck Island, Isles of Shoals (43 deg. N, 70 deg. 35' W) Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate see figure estimated average energy intake during the nestling period (to 50 days of age) kcal/bird/day Both Male and Female Nestling Not Reported Duck Island, Isles of Shoals (43 deg. N, 70 deg. 35' W) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Daily activity budgets and movements of winter roosting double-crested cormorants determined by biotelemetry in the Delta region of the Mississippi

Author(s)
King, D. Tommy, James F. Glahn and Keith J. Andrews
Pages
152-157
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Foraging Distance 15.7 mean distance travelled from night roost to foraging site km Both Male and Female Adult 33 birds Mississippi River Delta Exposure Factor Datasets 2.0 SE

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans on fish-eating birds

Author(s)
Bosveld, A.T.C. (Bart), and Martin Van den Berg
Pages
147-166
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review incidence of reproductive effects Both Adults and Juveniles, Embryo Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review incidence of reproductive effects Both Adults and Juveniles, Embryo Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets
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