Pelecaniformes

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Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)

Citation:

Resource use by herons in a Yucatan wetland during the breeding season.

Author(s)
Ramo, C. and Busto, B.
Issue
4
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Astyanax fasciatus: 19, Rhamdia guatemalensis: 7, Cyprindon variegatus: 9, Garmanella pulchra: 4, Gambusia yucatana: 6, Poecilia orri: 27, Xiphophorus maculatus: <1, Cichlasoma friedrichsthali: 3, Cichlasoma urophthalmus: 1, Cichlasoma meeki: 4, Cichlasoma octofasciatum: <1, Cichlasoma salvini: 4, Petenia splendida: 15, Decapoda (prawns): <1 Percent biomass % biomass B Nestling 6 Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, Yucatan Peninsula Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Widespread cannibalism by fledglings in a nesting colony of Black-crowned Night-herons.

Author(s)
Riehl, C.
Issue
1
Volume
118
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Population Density 10 Breeding pairs on island Pairs B Adult 10 Oschner Island, Audobon Park, New Orleans Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Citation:

Colony turnover, nest success and productivity, and causes of nest failure among wading birds (Ciconiiformes) at Lake Okeechobee, Florida (1989-1992).

Author(s)
Smith, J.P. and Collopy, M.W.
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting March 10-22 B Adult See citation Lake Okeechobee Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Population Density See citation Table 2 Number of nests See citation Lake Okeechobee Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 1989: 83, 1990: 100, 1991: 80, 1992: 61 % Nest success % success B Adult See citation Lake Okeechobee Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size 1989: 3.5, 1990 & 1991: 3.3, 1992: 3.4 Eggs per nest Eggs/nest B Embryo See citation Lake Okeechobee Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Nesting season food habits of 4 species of herons and egrets at Lake Okeechobee, Florida.

Author(s)
Smith, J.P.
Issue
2
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Figure 4 Percent biomass B Nestling See citation Table 1 Lake Okeechobee Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Scale-dependent habitat selection of nesting Great Egrets and Snowy Egrets.

Author(s)
Stolen, E.D., Collazo, J.A. and Percival, H.F.
Issue
3
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Foraging Distance 6.2 Mean flight distance km NR Not Reported 28 North Indian River Lagoon Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.46
Citation:

The feeding ecology and behavior of five species of herons in southeastern New Jersey.

Author(s)
Willard, D.E.
Issue
4
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Prey size NR Both Adults and Juveniles Not reported Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Reproductive success, growth and survival of Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) and Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) chicks in coastal Virginia.

Author(s)
Erwin, R.M., Haig, J.G., Stotts, D.B. and Hatfield, J.S.
Issue
1
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Time of Migration or Dispersal 53 d B Chick 20 Marsh islands near Chincoteague Exposure Factor Datasets USA 3.7
Survival/ Mortality 0.919 Weekly estimated survival rate B Chick Marsh islands near Chincoteague Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.038
Survival/ Mortality 0.833 B Chick Marsh islands near Chincoteague Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.042
Foraging Distance Dispersal movement km B Juvenile 31 Marsh islands near Chincoteague Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Migration or Dispersal Review Age at dispersal d B Juvenile Marsh islands near Chincoteague Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size Eggs/nest B Embryo 1992: 22, 1993: 48 nests Marsh islands near Chincoteague Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Growth Rate See citation Table 3 Mass gain/day g/d B Embryo 1992: 22, 1993: 48 nests Marsh islands near Chincoteague Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Growth Rate See citation Table 3 Culmen growth mm/d B Embryo 1992: 22, 1993: 48 nests Marsh islands near Chincoteague Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Migration or Dispersal 56.3 Chick age at dispersal d B Chick 22 Marsh islands near Chincoteague Exposure Factor Datasets USA 5.6
Citation:

Reproductive parameters for nine avian species at Moore Creek, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge.

Author(s)
Girard, G.T.
Volume
219
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Hatching Success Clutch size 2: 94.3, 3: 94.3, 4: 90.9 Percent laid that hatched % Embryo Clutch size 2: 3, 3: 41: 4: 11 nests Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Brevard County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size 3 Eggs/nest Embryo 60 Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Brevard County Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.56
Clutch or Litter Size 3.1 Eggs/nest Embryo 49 Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Brevard County Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.52
Clutch or Litter Size 2.7 Eggs/nest Embryo 11 Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Brevard County Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.65
Citation:

Breeding biology of five species of herons in coastal Florida.

Author(s)
Maxwell, G.R. and Kale, H.W.
Issue
4
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Time of Hatching or Parturition April 13-23: 45, April 24-May 1: 16, May 2-21: 10 Embryo 71 nests Riomar Island, Indian River County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Nesting See citation Table 3 Days between eggs laid Days Embryo 71 nests Riomar Island, Indian River County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size 2.9 No. eggs laid March 23-May 2 Eggs/nest Embryo 77 Riomar Island, Indian River County Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.06
Time of Hatching or Parturition 22.1 Incubation period Days Embryo Riomar Island, Indian River County Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.17
Survival/ Mortality 28.8 Mortality from laying through 10 d % Nestling 65 Riomar Island, Indian River County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 42.5 Mortality from laying through 2 w % Nestling Riomar Island, Indian River County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 82 % Embryo 226 Riomar Island, Indian River County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Distribution and Abundance of Breeding Birds in Boston Harbor

Author(s)
Paton, P.W.C., Harris, R. J. and Trocki, C.L.
Issue
3
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Population Density See citation Table 1 Breeding pairs on islands in Boston Harbor No. pairs B Adult 2002: 66, 2003: 58 Islands in Boston Harbor Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Citation:

Spatial and temporal trends of contaminants in eggs of wading birds from San Francisco Bay, California.

Author(s)
Hothem, R.L., Marois, K.C., Wainwright, S.E., Roster, D.L., King, K.A. and Keldsen, T.J.
Issue
8
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 1989: 95.3, 1990: 92.7 % hatched of total laid Embryo 1989: 80, 1990: 96 nests San Francisco Bay Area: Bair Island Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 1989: 92.0, 1990: 93.0 % hatched of total laid Embryo 1989: 110, 1990: 116 nests San Francisco Bay Area: West Marin Island Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 1989: 0.553, 1990: 0.335 Fledgling success % hatched of total laid Fledgling 1989: 80, 1990: 96 nests San Francisco Bay Area: Bair Island Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 1989: 0.626, 1990: 0.587 Fledgling success % hatched of total laid Fledgling 1989: 110, 1990: 116 nests San Francisco Bay Area: West Marin Island Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Nesting Waterbirds of Isla Montague, Northern Gulf of California, México: Loss of EggsDue to Predation and Flooding, 1993-1994

Author(s)
Peresbarbosa, E. and Mellink, E.
Issue
2
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying See citation Figure 1 Time of nesting activities (mating, laying, nesting) Month B Adult See citation Isla Montague, northern Gulf of California Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding MEXICO
Citation:

Dispersal and habitat use by post-fledging juvenile Snowy Egrets and Black-crowned Night-herons.

Author(s)
Erwin, R.M., Haig, J.G., Stotts, D.B. and Hatfield, J.S.
Issue
2
Volume
108
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Territory Size Day 5: 97.0, days 15-45: 121.3, day 60: 124.9 Dispersal movement km B Juvenile 8 Saltmarsh islands, Chincoteague Exposure Factor Datasets USA Day 5: 66.7, days 15-45: 61.5, day 60: 53.9
Territory Size Day 5: 37.2, day 15: 50.6, days 30-60: 52.5 Dispersal movement km B Juvenile 11 Saltmarsh islands, Chincoteague Exposure Factor Datasets USA Day 5: 30.2, day 15: 35.6, days 30-60: 39.4
Citation:

Status, trends, and implications for the conservation of heron and egret nesting colonies in the San Francisco Bay area.

Author(s)
Kelly, J.P., Etienne, K., Strong, C., McCaustland, M. and Parkes, M.L
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Population Density See citation Figure 2 Number of active nests Adult See citation San Francisco bay area Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Survival/ Mortality See citation Figure 6 Mean annual nest survivorship See citation San Francisco bay area Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Clutch or Litter Size See citation Figure 7 Young in successful nests Nestling See citation San Francisco bay area Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size Central San Francisco Bay: 2.18, Outer Coast-a: 1.82, Outer coast-b: 1.75, San Pablo Bay-a: 2.49, San Pablo Bay-b: 2.46, Russian River-a: 2.37, Russian River-b: 2.38 Mean young fledged in successful nests Fledglings Fledgling Central San Francisco Bay: 35, Outer Coast-a: 38, Outer coast-b: 15, San Pablo Bay-a: 160, San Pablo Bay-b: 103, Russian River-a: 97, Russian River-b: 53 San Francisco bay area Exposure Factor Datasets USA Central San Francisco Bay: 0.135, Outer Coast-a: 0.076, Outer coast-b: 0.086, San Pablo Bay-a: 0.059, San Pablo Bay-b: 0.046, Russian River-a: 0.060, Russian River-b: 0.048
Clutch or Litter Size Central San Francisco Bay: 2.03, Outer Coast-a: 1.27, Outer coast-b: 1.60, San Pablo Bay-a: 2.09, San Pablo Bay-b: 1.54, Russian River-a: 1.66, Russian River-b: 1.75 Mean young produced in successful nests Young Nestling Central San Francisco Bay: 35, Outer Coast-a: 38, Outer coast-b: 15, San Pablo Bay-a: 160, San Pablo Bay-b: 103, Russian River-a: 97, Russian River-b: 53 San Francisco bay area Exposure Factor Datasets USA Central San Francisco Bay: 0.236, Outer Coast-a: 0.073, Outer coast-b: 0.193, San Pablo Bay-a: 0.119, San Pablo Bay-b: 0.136, Russian River-a: 0.103, Russian River-b: 0.128
Time of Nesting See citation Figure 10 Intraseasonal nesting activity indexed by mean % nests San Francisco bay area Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Citation:

Organochlorine residues, eggshell thickness, and reproductive success of Snowy Egrets nesting in Idaho.

Author(s)
Findholt, S.L.
Issue
2
Volume
86
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 62 Percent laid that hatched % Embryo 316 Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 66 Percent laid that hatched % Embryo 128 Blackfoot Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 58 Percent laid that hatched % Embryo 33 Mud Lake Wildlife Management Area Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Long-term movement patterns for seven species of wading birds.

Author(s)
Melvin, S.L., Gawlik, D.E. and Scharff, T.
Issue
3
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Home Range 836.81 Mean distance between banding and recapture km B Adult 111 Exposure Factor Datasets USA 96.3
Citation:

Food habits of 4 species of wading birds (Ardeidae) in a tropical mangrove swamp.

Author(s)
Miranda, L. and Collazo, J.A.
Issue
3
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Gerridae: 1.3, Poecillidae: 18.3, Unidentified fish: 0.4,m Xiphocaris spp.: 78.4, Orthoptera: 1.3 % total items % total items NR Not Reported 8 Boqueron Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets PUERTO RICO
Citation:

Colonization and growth of a mixed-species heronry in South Dakota.

Author(s)
Naugle, D.E., Johnson, R.R., Meeks, W.A. and Higgins, K.F
Issue
2
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Population Density 20 Nests in heronry No. nests B Adult 20 Brown County (45⁰ 40'N, 98⁰ 05'W) Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Citation:

Current status and distribution of the Ciconiiforms nesting in Wyoming.

Author(s)
Findholt, S.L. and Berner, K.L.
Issue
2
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Population Density See citation Table 3 Number of nests See citation Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Citation:

Regional patterns of wading bird productivity in northeastern US estuaries.

Author(s)
Parsons, K.C., Schmidt, S.R. and Matz, A.C.
Issue
3
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size Delaware Bay: 3.8, New York Harbor: 4.1, Cape Cod: 4.1, Boston Harbor: 4.0 Clutch size No. eggs/nest B Embryo See citation Various location in Atlantic North East Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success Delaware Bay: 79.3, New York Harbor: 85.0, Cape Cod: 84.6, Boston Harbor: 88.1 Percent of successful nests Percent successful nests B Embryo Delaware Bay: 144, New York Harbor: 290, Cape Cod: 123, Boston Harbor: 54 Various location in Atlantic North East Exposure Factor Datasets USA Delaware Bay: 22.9, New York Harbor: 20.9, Cape Cod: 20.0, Boston Harbor: 17.9
Citation:

The effects of prey availability on the numerical response of wading birds.

Author(s)
Gawlik, D.E.
Issue
3
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density See citation Figure 4 Birds/2.4 ha Birds/2.4 ha B Both Adults and Juveniles See citation Constructed wetlands, Palm Beach Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Rainfall effects on heron and egret nest abundance in the San Francisco Bay area.

Author(s)
Kelly, J.P. and Condeso, T.E.
Issue
5
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Population Density 304 [258.2-358.8 (95%CI)] Nest abundance Not reported San Francisco bay area Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Citation:

Long-term trends in population and community measures of colonial-nesting waterbirds in Galveston Bay Estuary.

Author(s)
Gawlik, D.E., Slack, R.D., Thomas, J.A. and Harpole, D.N.
Issue
2
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Population Density 1008 Annual abundance Both Adults and Juveniles See citation Galveston Bay Estuary Exposure Factor Datasets USA 581
Citation:

Linking wading bird prey selection to number of nests.

Author(s)
Klassen, J.A., Gawlik, D.E. and Frederick, P.C.
Issue
8
Volume
80
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Table 1 Percent biomass % Nestling 113 Everglades Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Reproductive success of wading birds usingPhragmites marsh and upland nesting habitats.

Author(s)
Parsons, K.C.
Issue
2
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density See citation Figure 2 Number of nests No. nests Embryo See citation Pea Patch Island Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Hatching or Parturition See citation Figure 3 Julian date of hatching Julian date Embryo See citation Pea Patch Island Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality See citation Figure 4 Embryo See citation Pea Patch Island Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success See citation Figure 5 Percent hatching success % Embryo See citation Pea Patch Island Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Wading bird foraging: response and recovery from an oil spill.

Author(s)
MacCarone, A.D. and Brzorad, J.N.
Issue
2
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Population Density 1989: 90, 1998: 87, 1999: 94 Active nests before/after oil spill in 1990 No. of active nests B Adult See citation Isle of Meadows in Arthur Kill Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Citation:

Foraging patterns of breeding egrets at coastal and interior locations.

Author(s)
Maccarone, A.D. and Brzorad, J.N.
Issue
1
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Figure 2 % of total NR Not Reported 75 New York City area Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition See citation Figure 2 % of total NR Not Reported 75 Witchita area Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Birds of rice fields in the Americas.

Author(s)
Acosta, M., Mugica, L., Blanco, D., López-Lanús, B., Dias, R.A., Doodnath, L.W. and Hurtado, J.
Issue
1
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Population Density Review: 6.656 Relative abundance See citation Exposure Factor Datasets TRINIDAD/TOBOGO
Population Density Review: 2.993 Relative abundance See citation Exposure Factor Datasets COSTA RICA
Population Density Review: 0.225 Relative abundance 166 Exposure Factor Datasets ARGENTINA
Population Density Review: 0.082 Relative abundance 98 Exposure Factor Datasets URUGUAY
Population Density Review: 4.507 Relative abundance See citation Exposure Factor Datasets SURINAME
Population Density Review: 1.32 Relative abundance See citation Exposure Factor Datasets BRAZIL
Population Density Review: 285 Birds/ha See citation Exposure Factor Datasets COSTA RICA
Population Density Review: 1217 Birds/ha See citation Exposure Factor Datasets CUBA
Population Density Review: 43 Birds/ha See citation Exposure Factor Datasets SURINAME
Population Density Review: 325 Birds/ha See citation Exposure Factor Datasets TRINIDAD/TOBOGO
Population Density 2.92 Mean relative abundance of 10 countires in the Americas Cuba, Trinidad/Tobogo, Costa Rica, Argentina, Uruguay, Suriname, Brazil Exposure Factor Datasets 2.49
Population Density Review: 4.633 Relative abundance See citation Exposure Factor Datasets CUBA
Citation:

Reproductive success of colonial tree-nesting waterbirds in Prairie Pothole Wetlands and rivers throughout Northeastern South Dakota.

Author(s)
Baker, N.J., Dieter, C.D. and Bakker, K.K.
Issue
1
Volume
174
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
2.8 Mean fledged/successful nest No. young fledged/nest Fledgling 2008: 25, 2009: 36 nests NE South Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.11
2.8 Mean fledged/successfully fledged nest No. young fledged/nest Fledgling 2008: 25, 2009: 36 nests NE South Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.09
Clutch or Litter Size 2008: 2.86, 2009: 3.00, mean: 2.94 Eggs/nest Embryo 2008: 22, 2009: 29 nests, mean: 25.5 NE South Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets USA 2008: 0.15, 2009: 0.11, mean: 0.09
Hatching Success 2008: 88.0, 2009: 80.6 Nest success % Hatchling 2008: 25, 2009: 36 nests NE South Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 2008: 87.5, 2009: 77.8 Fledge success % Fledgling 2008: 25, 2009: 36 nests NE South Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 2.3 Mean fledged/nest No. young fledged/nest Fledgling 2008: 25, 2009: 36 nests NE South Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.16
Citation:

Nestling diet of three sympatrically nesting wading bird species in the Florida Everglades.

Author(s)
Boyle, R.A., Dorn, N.J. and Cook, M.I.
Issue
1
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Crayfish: 15, small-bodies fishes: 90, larged-bodied fishes: 35, shrimp: 40, aquatic insects: 10, terrestrial insects: 10, garbage: 5, other vertebrates: 0 Prey category Frequency of use, % Nestling 20 Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife
Refuge, Palm Beach
County 		Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Changes in the nesting populations of colonial waterbirds in Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, New York, 1974–1998.

Author(s)
Brown, K.M., Tims, J.L., Erwin, R.M. and Richmond, M.E.
Issue
3
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Population Density See citation Figure 6B Nesting pairs over time Nesting pairs/yr Adult See citation Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, Long Island Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Citation:

Mercury concentrations in nestling wading birds relative to diet in the southeastern United States: a stable isotope analysis.

Author(s)
Bryan, A.L., Brant, H.A., Jagoe, C.H., Romanek, C.S. and Brisbin, I.L.
Issue
1
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean 0.4 kg B Nestling 10 Georgia & South Carolina Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Foraging energetics of great egrets and snowy egrets.

Author(s)
Brzorad, J.N., Maccarone, A.D. and Conley, K.J.
Issue
3
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Food Ingestion Rate See ciation Figure 2 Foraging success Fish capture/strike NR Adult Not reported New Jersey & New York Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Dietary Composition Mummichog: 47, shore shrimp: 47, Atlantic silverside: 6 % total NR Adult Not reported New Jersey & New York Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Citation:

Diversity, Abundance and Nesting Phenology of the Wading Birds of Bahía Kino, Sonora, México.

Author(s)
Clark, E.W., Fleishman, A.B. and Riegner, M.F.
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Location Type Condition Countries
Population Density 2009: 132, 2010: 216, 2011: 150, 2012: 30, 2013: 11 Nests from flight rates & direct counts No. nests Adult Bahia Kino, Sonora Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding MEXICO
Citation:

Growth rates of great egret, snowy egret and black-crowned night-heron chicks.

Author(s)
Custer, T.W. and Peterson Jr, D.W.
Issue
1
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Growth Rate By hatching order: A: 14.1, B: 11.4, C: 9.7 Mass gain/day g/d B Chick 5 Lavaca Bay island, Calhoun County Exposure Factor Datasets USA By hatching order: A: 0.9, B: 1.5, C: 2.9
Growth Rate By hatching order: A: 4.4, B: 3.8, C: 2.9 Forearm growth mm/d B Chick 5 Lavaca Bay island, Calhoun County Exposure Factor Datasets USA By hatching order: A:0.3, B: 0.6, C: 0.7
Growth Rate By hatching order: A: 2.8, B: 2.6, C: 2.0 Trasus growth mm/d B Chick 5 Lavaca Bay island, Calhoun County Exposure Factor Datasets USA By hatching order: A: 0.1, B: 0.3, C: 0.5
Growth Rate By hatching order: A: 2.0, B: 1.7, C: 1.4 Culmen growth mm/d B Chick 5 Lavaca Bay island, Calhoun County Exposure Factor Datasets USA By hatching order: A: 0.1, B: 0.1, C: 0.2
Citation:

Wading bird predation at tropical aquaculture facilities in central Florida.

Author(s)
Avery, M.L., Eiselman, D.S., Young, M.K., Humphrey, J.S. and Decker, D.G.
Issue
1
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Pterophyllum scalare, Ziphophorus maculatus, Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrod, Megalamphodus megalopterus, Poecilia reticulata, Helostoma temmincki, Puntius tetrazona, Epalzerohycnhos erythrurus, Hypostomus spp. Fish species consumed from aquaculture ponds B Not Reported See citation Four commercial aquacutlure operations, Central Florida Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Diet of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) wintering on the central Texas coast.

Author(s)
Withers, K. and Brooks, T.S.
Issue
1
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Striped mullet: 28.5, hardhead catfish: 2.5, gulf toadfish: 46.4 Sciaendiae: 0, unidentifiable fish: 3.6 Frequency % Not Reported 28 Laguna Madre Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Seasonal and annual patterns in density of double-crested cormorants in two coastal regions of Lake Huron.

Author(s)
Ridgway, M.S.
Issue
3
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Population Density See citation Table 1 Adults/sq km Adults/sq km NR Adult North Channel, Lake Huron Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Population Density See citation Table 1 Adults/sq km Adults/sq km NR Adult Georgian Bay, Lake Huron Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Annual Survival of Double-Crested Cormorants from the Great Lakes, 1979–2006.

Author(s)
Seamans, M.E., Ludwig, J.P., Stromborg, K., Ludwig II, F.E. and Ludwig, F.E.
Issue
sp1
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality See citation Figure 4 Second-year birds Adult Great Lakes region Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality See citation Figure 5 Hatch-year birds Juvenile Great Lakes region Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Survivorship and mortality patterns of Double-crested Cormorants at Spider Island, Wisconsin, 1988–2006. 

Author(s)
Stromborg, K.L., Ivan, J.S., Netto, J.K. and Courtney, C.R.
Issue
sp1
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 0.696 Survival, modeled average (Adult, at least 2 y) Percent Adult Lake Michigan Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.305 Survival, modeled average (first year) Percent Juvenile Lake Michigan Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.774 Survival, modeled average (Second/third year) Percent Juvenile Lake Michigan Exposure Factor Datasets USA
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