Amphibians

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Amphibians, Frogs and toads (Anura), Foothill Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana boylii)

Citation:

Toxicity of two insecticides to California, USA, anurans and its relevance to declining amphibian populations.

Author(s)
Sparling, D.W. and Fellers, G.M.
Issue
8
Volume
28
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
ENDOSULFAN Decreased Snout-vent length B Tadpole 18/treatment Eggs from Soda Creek Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake USA
CHLORPYRIFOS Increased Time to metamorphosis B Tadpole 18/treatment Eggs from Soda Creek Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake USA
ENDOSULFAN No effect Time to metamorphosis B Tadpole 18/treatment Eggs from Soda Creek Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake USA
CHLORPYRIFOS Decreased Cholinesterase activity B Tadpole 18/treatment Eggs from Soda Creek Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake USA
ENDOSULFAN Decreased Cholinesterase activity B Tadpole 18/treatment Eggs from Soda Creek Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake USA
ENDOSULFAN Logistic: 0.233 ug/L; SK: 0.55 ug/L LC50 B Tadpole 18/treatment Eggs from Soda Creek Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake USA
CHLORPYRIFOS No effect 0-14 d; various by 54 d; see size by exposure in Table 2 Body mass B Tadpole 18/treatment Eggs from Soda Creek Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake USA
ENDOSULFAN Decreased Body mass B Tadpole 18/treatment Eggs from Soda Creek Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake USA
CHLORPYRIFOS No effect 0-14 d; decrease by 34 d; see size by exposure in Table 2 Snout-vent length B Tadpole 18/treatment Eggs from Soda Creek Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake USA
CHLORPYRIFOS Logistic: 108.7 ug/L; SK: 66.5 ug/L LC50 B Tadpole 18/treatment Eggs from Soda Creek Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake USA
Citation:

Mercury contamination in three species of anuran amphibians from the Cache Creek Watershed, California, USA.

Author(s)
Hothem, R.L., Jennings, M.R. and Crayon, J.J.
Issue
1
Volume
163
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
MERCURY (elemental) 0.686 (0.32-1.10) Tissue concentration F Adult 3 Mine Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.79 Tissue concentration F Adult 1 Mine Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.783 (0.56-1.20) Tissue concentration B Adult 3 Canyon Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.405 (0.12-0.74) Tissue concentration F Adult 3 Canyon Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.118 (0.08-0.16) Tissue concentration F Adult 2 Canyon Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 1.7 Tissue concentration M Adult 1 Mine Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.065 (0.04-0.11) Tissue concentration F Adult 3 Mine Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 1.1 Tissue concentration M Adult 1 Mine Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.846 (0.47-1.5) Tissue concentration B Adult 3 Mine Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.080 (0.06-0.12) ug/g ww Tissue concentration B Adult 3 Reference Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.402 (0.27-0.77) Tissue concentration M Adult 3 Mine Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.082 (0.07-0.10) Tissue concentration F Adult 3 Reference Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.166 (0.07-0.35) Tissue concentration B Adult 5 Mine Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.070 (0.06-0.09) Tissue concentration F Adult 3 Reference Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.318 (0.08-0.91) Tissue concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 4 Mine Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.159 (0.11-0.23) Tissue concentration F Adult 3 Mine Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.31 Tissue concentration F Adult 1 Canyon Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.328 (0.31-0.35) Tissue concentration M Adult 3 Mine Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.11 Tissue concentration M Adult 2 Canyon Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.377 (0.37-0.39) Tissue concentration B Adult 3 Mine Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.123 (0.06-0.23) Tissue concentration M Adult 2 Canyon Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.443 (0.35-0.58) Tissue concentration B Adult 3 Mine Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.320 (0.21-0.49) Tissue concentration M Adult 2 Canyon Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Effects of carbaryl on species interactions of the foothill yellow legged frog (Rana boylii) and the Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla).

Author(s)
Kerby, J.L. and Sih, A.
Issue
1
Volume
746
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
CARBARYL 585 ug/L ± 229 LC50 B Tadpole 100 Toxicity Factor Datasets Nevada USA
CARBARYL No effect LC50 (competition due to exposure) B Tadpole 20 Toxicity Factor Datasets Nevada USA
CARBARYL Slightly reduced Development rate B Tadpole 60 Toxicity Factor Datasets Nevada USA
Citation:

Effects of chytrid and carbaryl exposure on survival, growth and skin peptide defenses in foothill yellow-legged frogs.

Author(s)
Davidson, C., Benard, M.F., Shaffer, H.B., Parker, J.M., O'Leary, C., Conlon, J.M. and Rollins-Smith, L.A.
Issue
5
Volume
41
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type California Counties Countries
CARBARYL 20% Mortality NR Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBARYL 20% Mortality NR Not Reported Collected from Garcia River Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
CARBARYL <0.1-0.9 ug/g body weight Tissue concentration NR Not Reported Collected from Garcia River Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
CARBARYL See citation Figure 1 Growth NR Not Reported Collected from Garcia River Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
CARBARYL Day 3: decreased, 7-70: no effect Total skin peptide concentration NR Not Reported Collected from Garcia River Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
Citation:

Comparative toxicity of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion and their oxon derivatives to larval Rana boylii.

Author(s)
Sparling, D.W. and Fellers, G.
Issue
3
Volume
147
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
CHLORPYRIFOS 3.005 mg/L Mortality B Tadpole See Table 1 Eggs from stream near Fort Bragg Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
DIAZINON 7.488 mg/L Mortality B Tadpole See Table 1 Eggs from stream near Fort Bragg Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
MALATHION 2.137 mg/L Mortality B Tadpole See Table 1 Eggs from stream near Fort Bragg Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
Not calculated Mortality B Tadpole See Table 1 Eggs from stream near Fort Bragg Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
0.760 mg/L Mortality B Tadpole See Table 1 Eggs from stream near Fort Bragg Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
0.023 mg/L Mortality B Tadpole See Table 1 Eggs from stream near Fort Bragg Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
CHLORPYRIFOS See Figure 1 Cholinesterase activity B Tadpole See Table 1 Eggs from stream near Fort Bragg Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
DIAZINON See Figure 1 Cholinesterase activity B Tadpole See Table 1 Eggs from stream near Fort Bragg Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
MALATHION See Figure 1 Cholinesterase activity B Tadpole See Table 1 Eggs from stream near Fort Bragg Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
See Figure 1 Cholinesterase activity B Tadpole See Table 1 Eggs from stream near Fort Bragg Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
See Figure 1 Cholinesterase activity B Tadpole See Table 1 Eggs from stream near Fort Bragg Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
See Figure 1 Cholinesterase activity B Tadpole See Table 1 Eggs from stream near Fort Bragg Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
Citation:

Cliff swallows Petrochelidon pyrrhonota as bioindicators of environmental mercury, Cache Creek Watershed, California.

Author(s)
Hothem, R.L., Trejo, B.S., Bauer, M.L. and Crayon, J.J.
Issue
1
Volume
55
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
MERCURY (elemental) 0.080-0.686 ug/g ww Tissue concentration NR Not Reported 18 Collected from 6 sites; see citation Toxicity Factor Datasets USA

Amphibians, Newts and salamanders (Urodela), California Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma californiense)

Citation:

A refined ecological risk assessment for California red‐legged frog, Delta smelt, and California tiger salamander exposed to malathion.

Author(s)
Clemow, Y.H., Manning, G.E., Breton, R.L., Winchell, M.F., Padilla, L., Rodney, S.I., Hanzas, J.P., Estes, T.L., Budreski, K., Toth, B.N. and Hill, K.L.
Issue
2
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Location Type
MALATHION See citation Ecological risk assessment modeling Toxicity Factor Datasets

California Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma californiense)

Citation:

The status of the California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense) at Lagunita: A 50-year update.

Author(s)
Barry, S.J. and Shaffer, H.B.
Issue
2
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying Few days post migration Time of spawning B Adult Xeric central California valleys/foothills Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Hatching or Parturition 2 to 4 Time of egg hatching post deposition weeks B Embryo Xeric central California valleys/foothills Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Algae and aquatic invertebrates Larval diet B Juvenile Xeric central California valleys/foothills Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis Summer and autumn Aestivate timing of metamorphosed individuals B Juvenile Xeric central California valleys/foothills Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Spatially autocorrelated demography and interpond dispersal in the salamander Ambystoma californiense.

Author(s)
Trenham, P.C., Koenig, W.D. and Shaffer, H.B.
Issue
12
Volume
82
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type California Counties Condition Countries
Population Density BP: 45, SK: 8, LC: 89, CRP: 1, SP: 7, HP: 0, WP: 43, CP: 17, TP: 27, AP: n/a Annual estimated breeding population per pond No. individuals M Adult Oak Ridge Ranch; see citation for pond acronyms and areas Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey Breeding USA
Population Density BP: 13, SK: 0, LC: 32, CRP: 0, SP: 1, HP: 1, WP: 7, CP: 4, TP: 6, AP: n/a Annual estimated breeding population per pond No. individuals F Adult Oak Ridge Ranch; see citation for pond acronyms and areas Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey Breeding USA
Population Density BP: 47, SK: 14, LC: 325, CRP: 8, SP: 9, HP: 20, WP: 107, CP: 36, TP: 57, AP: 8 Annual estimated breeding population per pond No. individuals M Adult Oak Ridge Ranch; see citation for pond acronyms and areas Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey Breeding USA
Population Density BP: 36, SK: 3, LC: 216, CRP: 1, SP: 2, HP: 6, WP: 44, CP: 12, TP: 39, AP: 4 Annual estimated breeding population per pond No. individuals F Adult Oak Ridge Ranch; see citation for pond acronyms and areas Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey Breeding USA
Population Density BP: 35, SK: 11, LC: 168, CRP: n/a, SP: 0, HP: 17, WP: 37, CP: 11, TP: 35, AP: 2 Annual estimated breeding population per pond No. individuals M Adult Oak Ridge Ranch; see citation for pond acronyms and areas Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey Breeding USA
Population Density BP: 48, SK: 0, LC: 150, CRP: n/a, SP: 1, HP: 1, WP: 8, CP: 5, TP: 3, AP: 0 Annual estimated breeding population per pond No. individuals F Adult Oak Ridge Ranch; see citation for pond acronyms and areas Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey Breeding USA
Citation:

Terrestrial habitat use by adult California tiger salamanders.

Author(s)
Trenham, P.C.
Issue
2
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Territory Size See citation Figure 1 Distance moved during post-breeding emigration m B 13 Hastings Natural History Resrevation and Oak Ridge Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey USA
Citation:

Reproductive ecology of a population of the California tiger salamander.

Author(s)
Loredo, I. and Van Vuren, D.
Issue
4
Volume
1996
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Population Density 1992-1993: 65, 1993-1994: 121 Breeding population size mm M Adult Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa USA
Population Density 1992-1993: 81, 1993-1994: 15 Breeding population size mm F Adult Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa USA
Population Density 1991-1992: 1248, 1992-1993: 481, 1993-1994: 3 mm B Juvenile Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa USA
Body length See citation Figure 4 Snout-vent length mm B Juvenile Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa USA
Body length 200.3 Snout-vent length mm M Adult 65-121 Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa USA
Body length 168.1 Snout-vent length mm F Adult 81-15 Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa USA
Body length 1992: 58.0, 1993: 63.8, 1994: 78.0 Snout-vent length mm B Juvenile 1992: 1248, 1993: 481, 1994: 3 Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa USA
Citation:

Overwintering California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense) larvae.

Author(s)
Alvarez, J.A.
Issue
4
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Countries
Body length 126 Total length mm NR Juvenile 1 Perennial pond in cattle grazing land Exposure Factor Datasets Larvae Contra Costa USA

Foothill Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana boylii)

Citation:

Variation in thermal niche of a declining river‐breeding frog: From counter‐gradient responses to population distribution patterns.

Author(s)
Catenazzi, A. and Kupferberg, S.J.
Issue
7
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Growth Rate 3 Growth rate to front limb emergence per degree C increase mg/d Tadpole Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Growth Rate 0.02 Growth rate to front limb emergence per degree C increase mm/d Tadpole Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Water velocity tolerance in tadpoles of the foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii): swimming performance, growth, and survival.

Author(s)
Kupferberg, S.J., Lind, A.J., Thill, V. and Yarnell, S.M.
Issue
1
Volume
2011
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Hatching Success See Figure 5A Proportional hatchling survival by stream velocity B Embryo Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Transferability of habitat suitability criteria for a stream breeding frog (Rana boylii) in the Sierra Nevada, California.

Author(s)
Bondi, C.A., Yarnell, S.M., Lind, A.J. and Lind, A.
Issue
1
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying 12-May Start time of egg mass deposition Embryo North Fork Feather River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Mating/ Laying 24-Jun Start time of egg mass deposition Embryo South Form American River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Mating/ Laying See citation Figure 2 Start time of egg mass deposition Embryo 8 rivers across northern Sierra Nevada Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Rana Boylii (Foothill Yellow-Legged Frog). Reproduction.

Author(s)
Bourque, R.M., Bettaso, J.B.
Issue
4
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Body Weight - Mean 20 g M Adult 1 South Santiam River Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Body Weight - Mean 13.2 g M Adult 1 South Santiam River Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Body length 53 Snout-vent length mm M Adult 1 South Santiam River Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Body length 74.4 Snout-vent length mm F Adult 1 South Santiam River Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Body Weight - Mean 12.8 g M Adult 1 South Santiam River Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Body Weight - Mean 35.5 g F Adult 1 South Santiam River Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Body length 54 Snout-vent length mm M Adult 1 South Santiam River Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Citation:

Rana Boylii (Foothill Yellow-Legged Frog). Upland movement.

Author(s)
Cook, D.G., White, E., White, P., White, S.
Issue
2
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type California Counties Countries
Foraging Distance 71.3 Distance from creek m B Both Adults and Juveniles Sulphur Creek, Ukiah Exposure Factor Datasets Mendocino USA
Citation:

Rana boylii.

Author(s)
Zweifel, R.G.
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Countries
Body length 56 Snout-vent length mm M Adult Not reported Exposure Factor Datasets El Dorado Museum specimens USA
Body length 73 Snout-vent length mm F Adult Not reported Exposure Factor Datasets El Dorado Museum specimens USA
Citation:

Persistence and stability of the component helminth community of the foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii (Ranidae), from Humboldt County, California, 1964–1965, versus 2004–2007.

Author(s)
Bursey, C.R., Goldberg, S.R. and Bettaso, J.B.
Issue
2
Volume
163
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 45.2 Snout-vent length mm B Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt USA 9.5

Siskiyou Mountains Salamander (Plethodon stormi)

Citation:

Survey protocol for the Siskiyou Mountains salamander (Plethodon stormi), ver. 3.0.

Author(s)
Clayton, D. R., L. M. Ollivier, and H. H. Welsh, Jr.
Publisher
USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land
Management
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body length Snout-vent length mm NR Adult NR Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

The biology of amphibians and reptiles in old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest.

Author(s)
Blaustein, A.P., Beatty, J.J., Olson, D.H. and Storm, R.M.
Publisher
USDA Northwest Research Station
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body length Snout-vent length mm B Juvenile Jackson County, OR and Siskiyou County, CA Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Body length 58.9 Snout-vent length mm M Adult 62 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body length 61.9 Snout-vent length mm F Adult 41 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body length 76 Snout-vent length mm Adult Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity y B Adult Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition Autumn B Embryo Exposure Factor Datasets

Scott Bar Salamander (Plethodon asupak)

Citation:

Newly discovered populations of salamanders from Siskiyou County California represent a species distinct from Plethodon stormi.

Author(s)
Mead, L.S., Clayton, D.R., Nauman, R.S., Olson, D.H. and Pfrender, M.E.
Issue
2
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Body length 57 Snout-vent length mm F Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou USA
Body length 70.7 Snout-vent length mm F Adult 1 Muck-a-Muck Creek Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou USA
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