Duration of Incubation or Gestation

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Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus)

Citation:

Foraging distances and home range of pregnant and lactating little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus).

Author(s)
Henry, M., Thomas, D.W., Vaudry, R. and Carrier, M.
Issue
3
Volume
83
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 35-50 d F Adult 53 Grosse-Ile, St. Lawrence River, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Incubation temperature affects sexual differentiation, incubation time, and posthatching surivival in desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizi)

Author(s)
Lewis-Winokur, Vanessa and Robert M. Winokur
Pages
2091-2097
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 124.7 (25C); 103.8 (27C); 87.1 (28C); 84.2 (29C); 78.2 (31C) mean incubation times at various temperatures (25-31C) d Not Reported Embryo 10-37 eggs/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of incubation conditions on sex determination, hatching success, and growth of hatchling desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii

Author(s)
Spotila, James R., Linda C. Zimmerman, Christopher A. Binckley, Janice S. Grumbles, David C. Rostal, Albert List Jr., Eva C. Beyer, Kelly M. Phillips and Stanley J. Kemp
Pages
103-116
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 125 (26C); 89 (28.1C); 72 (30.6C); 68 (32.8C); 73 (33C); 85 (35.3C) incubation time at various temperatures (26-35.3C) d Not Reported Embryo 10-29 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Observations on the San Joaquin leopard lizard, Crotaphytus wislizenii silus Stenjneger

Author(s)
Montanucci, Richard R.
Pages
270-283
Year
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 57 egg to hatching d Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Tulare
Citation:

Growth and reproduction in two closely related species of leopard lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii

Author(s)
Tollestrup, Kristine
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
108
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 4 wks Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare

San Francisco Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. tetrataenia)

Citation:

Captive reproduction of the San Francisco garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia

Author(s)
Cover, John F., Jr. and Donal M. Boyer
Pages
29-33
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation d Female Adult 6 Dallas and Fort Worth Zoos, TX Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Annual reproduction, dependency period, and apparent gestation period in two California sea otters, Enydra lutris

Author(s)
Loughlin, Thomas R., Jack A. Ames, and Judson E. Vandevere
Pages
347-349
Year
Issue
2
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation range of estimated gestation period, based on observations mo Female Adult 2 otters near Monterey Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Citation:

The sea otter in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Author(s)
Kenyon, Karl W.
Pages
1-352
Year
Issue
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation estimated gestation including delayed implantation period mo Female Adult 275 reproductive tracts Amchitka Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding patterns and reproductive success of California sea otters

Author(s)
Riedman, Marianne L., James A. Estes, Michelle M. Staedler, Alisa A. Giles and David R. Carlson
Pages
391-399
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 198 d Female Adult 53 Monterey Bay Exposure Factor Datasets > 3 years Monterey

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Reproduction in captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and Milo E. Richmond
Pages
452-455
Year
Issue
2
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation days Both Male and Female Embryo 59 females Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 61.5 second estrus d Both Male and Female Embryo 4 females Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Die Aufzucht von Skunks im Berliner Zoologischen Garten

Author(s)
Kloess, Hans-Georg
Pages
214-217
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 63 days Both Male and Female Embryo 1 animal Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Hormonal and gestational evidence for delayed implantation in the striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis

Author(s)
Wade-Smith J., M. E. Richmond, R. A. Mead and H. Taylor
Pages
509-515
Year
Issue
4
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation d Both Male and Female Embryo 118 litters/females Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Captive striped skunk produces two litters

Author(s)
Shadle Albert R.
Pages
388-389
Year
Issue
3
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation d Both Male and Female Embryo 1 female Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Mephitis mephitis

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and B.J. Verts
Pages
1-7
Year
Volume
173
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Biology of the striped skunk

Author(s)
Verts, B. J.
Pages
182
Publisher
University of Illinois Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 62-66 d Both Male and Female Embryo 3 Exposure Factor Datasets

Citation:

Breeding biology of a kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrius) population in an inland saline lake

Author(s)
Fraga, Rosendo M., and Juan A. Amat
Pages
69-85
Year
Issue
1
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 27.2 mean duration of incubation d 6 nests Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation Exposure Factor Datasets

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Natural history of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (LeConte)

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 9 estimation based on observations in wild and captive bats wks Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo
Citation:

Antrozous pallidus

Author(s)
Hermanson, John W. and Thomas J. O'Shea
Pages
1-8
Year
Volume
213
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation Review Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Alameda Whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis ssp. euryxanthus)

Citation:

Observations on the reproduction, courtship, and aggressive behavior of the striped racer, Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus (Reptilia, Serpentes, Columbridae)

Author(s)
Hammerson, Geoffrey A.
Pages
253-255
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation time from mating to egg laying d Female Adult 2 outdoor enclosures, Hayward, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Spacing out at Mono Lake: Breeding success, nest density, and predation in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Pages
13-24
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 26.9 incubation period d Both Male and Female Embryo 9 nests Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Citation:

Mating system and reproductive success of a small population of polygamous snowy plovers

Author(s)
Warriner, John S., Jane C. Warriner, Gary W. Page and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
15-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 27.4 average incubation period (measured from last egg laid to last egg hatched) d Both Male and Female Embryo 57 nests Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey 0.2 SE

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii ssp. extimus)

Citation:

A southwestern willow flycatcher natural history summary and survey protocol

Author(s)
Sogge, Mark K., Robert M. Marshall, Susan J. Sferra, and Timothy J. Tibbitts
Pages
42 pp
Publisher
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Citation:

Reproductive patterns in captive American kestrels (sparrow hawks)

Author(s)
Porter, Richard D. and Stanley N. Wiemeyer
Pages
46-53
Year
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 27 mean number of days between 5th egg laid and 5th egg hatched d Both Male and Female Embryo 3 eggs Exposure Factor Datasets 0.58 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Clutch sizes, hatchability rates, and sex ratios of sparrow hawks in eastern Pennsylvania

Author(s)
Heintzelman, Donald S. and Alexander C. Nagy
Pages
306-311
Year
Issue
3
Volume
80
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 30.9 incubation period d Both Male and Female Embryo 2 clutches (8 eggs) Berks county Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding behavior of the American kestrel (sparrow hawk)

Author(s)
Willoughby, Ernest J. and Tom J. Cade
Pages
75-96
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28.4 mean incubation period in captivity d Both Male and Female Embryo 5 Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding Laboratory

Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)

Citation:

Reproduction in the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R. and Robert L. Bezy
Pages
350-360
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 14 wks Not Reported Embryo Not Reported San Clemente, San Nicolas and Santa Barbara Islands Exposure Factor Datasets

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

The length of incubation in relation to nest initiation date and clutch size in dabbling ducks

Author(s)
Feldheim, Cliff L.
Pages
997-1001
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 24.5 mean incubation period d Female Adult 66 nests near Devil's Lake (48deg10'N, 98deg90'W) Exposure Factor Datasets 4.1 2SD
Citation:

Survival and nest success of sympatric female mallards, Anas platyrynchos, and American black ducks, Anas rubripes, breeding in a forested environment

Author(s)
Dwyer, Chris P. and Guy A. Baldassare
Pages
213-216
Year
Issue
2
Volume
107
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Female Adult 18 Adirondack Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The mallard: Its management in western Montana

Author(s)
Girard, G. L.
Pages
233-259
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported lower Flathead Valley Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. biseriatus)

Citation:

Ovarian cycle of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
284-289
Year
Issue
3
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 13 wks Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Puente Hills and San Gabriel River, Whittier Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Life history and productivity of a population of western mourning doves in California

Author(s)
Cowan, John B.
Pages
505-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 14-15 incubation period d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Citation:

Artificial incubation of some non-galliform eggs

Author(s)
Graber, Richard R.
Pages
100-109
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 14 d, 16 hr to 15 d incubation period up to time of hatching Not Reported Embryo 1 egg Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Nesting habits of the mourning dove in Alabama

Author(s)
Pearson, Allen M. and George C. Moore
Pages
468-473
Year
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 14 d Not Reported Embryo 5 cases near Auburn Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Author(s)
Mirarchi, Ralph E. and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
1-32
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 3 wk Female Adult Not Reported Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo

Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Artificial incubation of some non-galliform eggs

Author(s)
Graber, Richard R.
Pages
100-109
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation approx. 15 incubation period up to time of pipping d Not Reported Embryo 8 eggs Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

The effects of fencelines on the reproductive success of loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
281-285
Year
Issue
1
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation range of average incubation periods, in two habitats, for successful nests d Not Reported Embryo 64 clutches Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nest ecology, productivity, and growth of the loggerhead shrike on the shortgrass prairie

Author(s)
Porter, David K., Mark A. Strong, J. Brent Giezentanner and Ronald A. Ryder
Pages
429-436
Year
Issue
4
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 16 incubation period d Not Reported Embryo 330 hatched eggs Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting ecology of the loggerhead shrike in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Tyler, Jack D.
Pages
95-104
Year
Issue
1
Volume
104
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 16.9 average incubation period, 4 years d Both Male and Female Embryo 55 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Habitat selection and breeding biology of loggerhead shrikes in eastern Ontario and Quebec

Author(s)
Chabot, Amy, Rodger D. Titman and David M. Bird
Pages
155-156
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 17 average incubation period, 2 years d Not Reported Embryo 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)

Citation:

Life cycle characteristics of northern Peromyscus maniculatus borealis

Author(s)
Millar, J.S.
Pages
510-515
Year
Issue
4
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 26.3 d for postpartum litters d Female Adult 11 Original pairs trapped at Heart Lake, Northwest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets 0.8 SE Laboratory

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)

Citation:

Notes on reproduction in Clemmys marmorata

Author(s)
Feldman, Mark
Pages
10-11
Year
Issue
1
Volume
13
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation time from egg to hatching at 25-30C d Not Reported Embryo 13 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

The life and demography of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Tinkle, Donald W.
Pages
1 - 182
Year
Volume
132
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation time from egg laying to hatching d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction in a mountain population of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae)

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
31-35
Year
Issue
1
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 63 time between laying and hatching d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported San Gabriel Mountains (elev., 1585-1829m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California least tern

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W.
Pages
1-24
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 22 most frequent incubation period, 2 years d Not Reported Embryo 41 clutches Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Stability, regulation, and the determination of abundance in an insular song sparrow population

Author(s)
Arcese, Peter, James N. M. Smith, Wesley M. Hochachka, Christopher M. Rogers, and Donald Ludwig
Pages
805-822
Year
Issue
3
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 13 for clutches with 1-5 eggs d Both Male and Female Not Reported 15 years Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Breeding by Peromyscus in seasonal environments

Author(s)
Millar, John S., F.B. Wille and Stuart L. Iverson
Pages
719-727
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 23 gestation length: 5 days pre-implantation + 18 days visible pregnancy. d Female Adult 44 Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California clapper rail in South San Francisco Bay

Author(s)
Harvey, Thomas E.
Pages
98-104
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 24.2 mean incubation period d Both Male and Female Embryo 5 nests south San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Citation:

A study of the California clapper rail

Author(s)
Zucca, Joseph J.
Pages
135-153
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation estimated incubation period in field d Not Reported Not Reported 3 nests Dumbarton Bridge Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets San Francisco

Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)

Citation:

Nests and eggs of the pacific giant salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus (Eschscholtz)

Author(s)
Nussbaum, Ronald A.
Pages
257-262
Year
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 275 d Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Benton County Exposure Factor Datasets

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Breeding habits of captive long-tailed weasels (Mustela frenata)

Author(s)
Wright, Philip L.
Pages
338-344
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 279 d Female Adult 18 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Natural history of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon

Author(s)
Barlow, Jon C.
Pages
243-296
Year
Issue
5
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 14 d Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding behavior of the bell vireo in southern Indiana

Author(s)
Nolan, Val, Jr.
Pages
225-244
Year
Issue
4
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation Not Reported Embryo 3 eggs Bloomington Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
1-17
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii), Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. neomexicanus)

Citation:

Attempts to breed cottontail rabbits in captivity

Author(s)
Dice, L. R.
Pages
225-229
Year
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Both Male and Female Adult 3 litters captured in Rago, Kansas Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Both Male and Female Adult 3 litters captured in Rago, Kansas Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)

Citation:

Reproduction by Peromyscus maniculatus: size and compromise

Author(s)
Myers, Philip and Lawrence L. Master
Pages
1-18
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 23 Mode d Female Adult 161 Exposure Factor Datasets Gestating Laboratory
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 27 Mode d Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Lactating Laboratory
Duration of Incubation or Gestation d Female Adult 161 Exposure Factor Datasets Non-lactating Laboratory

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

Fat and breeding cycles in two montane populations of Sceloporus occidentalis (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguandidae)

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr. and Allen Allison
Pages
211-220
Year
Issue
3
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 59 d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported yellow pine forest, central Sierra Nevada (elev., 1500m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 53 d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported yellow pine forest, central Sierra Nevada (elev., 2200m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The evolution of maternal investment in lizards: an experimental and comparative analysis of egg size and its effects on offspring performance

Author(s)
Sinervo, Barry
Pages
279-294
Year
Issue
2
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation see citation figure of relationship between egg mass and incubation time Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Reproduction of the brush rabbit in California

Author(s)
Mossman, Archie S.
Pages
177-184
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 27 d Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa 3

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

Nesting ecology and production of western grebes at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah

Author(s)
Lindvall, Mark L. and Jessop B. Low
Pages
66-70
Year
Issue
1
Volume
84
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 24 incubation period d Both Male and Female Embryo 14 clutches Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the double-crested cormorant on Utah Lake

Author(s)
Mitchell, Ronald M.
Pages
1-23
Year
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 average incubation d Not Reported Hatchling 16 eggs Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)

Citation:

Behavior of the bush-tit in the breeding season

Author(s)
Addicott, Alice B.
Pages
49-63
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 13 incubation period from start to hatching d Not Reported Embryo 1 clutch Stanford University Campus Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Patterns of progesterone secretion in free-living California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Holekamp, K.E., S. Nunes and F. Talamantes
Pages
1051-1059
Year
Issue
5
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28-30 d Female Adult 128 University of California, Santa Cruz Campus [lat., 37^oN; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz

Red-spotted Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. concinnus)

Citation:

Some observations on the natural history of two Oregon garter snakes (Genus Thamnophis)

Author(s)
Stewart, Glenn R.
Pages
71-86
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 90 d Female Adult Not Reported Willamette Valley Exposure Factor Datasets

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Author(s)
Moore, William S.
Pages
1-28
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

Notes on egg-laying, incubation, and nestling periods and of food brought to the nest by four species of cavity-nesting birds

Author(s)
Duyck, Bill E. and Douglas B. McNair
Pages
21-29
Year
Issue
2
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 11 incubation period d Not Reported Embryo 1 nest Asheville, Buncombe County Exposure Factor Datasets

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Author(s)
Stebbins, Robert C.
Pages
47-124
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation mo Female Adult Not Reported Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora) formerly Rana aurora ssp. aurora

Citation:

Notes on the breeding biology of the red-legged frog (Rana aurora aurora)

Author(s)
Storm, Robert M.
Pages
251-259
Year
Issue
4
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation time from egg to hatching under field conditions wks Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction and development of the red-legged frog, Rana aurora, in northwestern Washington

Author(s)
Brown, Herbert A.
Pages
241-252
Year
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 35 time from egg to hatching, water temperature ranged from 4.5 - 7.8C d Both Male and Female Embryo 35 egg masses Lake Louise Wildlife Sanctuary, Bellingham, Whatcom county (elev., 120m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Ornate Shrew (Sorex ornatus)

Citation:

Age, sex, and weight comparisons in three species of shrews

Author(s)
Rudd, Robert L.
Pages
323-338
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 21 d Female Adult Not Reported San Francisco Bay region Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nebrascensis)

Citation:

Effects of gestation on growth and development in Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Wendy D. Millar
Pages
208 - 211
Year
Volume
70
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation d Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Life cycle characteristics of Peromyscus maniculatus nebrascensis

Author(s)
Millar, John S.
Pages
1280-1284
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 29.5 duration of postpartum gestation d Female Adult 8 captured in Alberta, Canada Exposure Factor Datasets 1.4 SE Laboratory
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 25.5 mean of 10 shortest times d Female Adult 10 captured in Alberta, Canada Exposure Factor Datasets 0.3 SE Laboratory

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Physiological ecology of desert iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) eggs: temperature and water relations

Author(s)
Muth, Allan
Pages
1335-1343
Year
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 86 incubation period at 28C d Not Reported Embryo 12 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 44 incubation period at 36C d Not Reported Embryo 60 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Reproduction in the desert lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mayhew, Wilbur W.
Pages
57-77
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 75 time from egg to hatching d Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Dale Dry Lake, Palm Springs and Algodones Dunes Exposure Factor Datasets Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino

Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)

Citation:

Comparative ecology of two snake species (Crotalus viridis and Pituophis melanoleucus) in southwestern Idaho

Author(s)
Diller, Lowell V. and Richard L. Wallace
Pages
343-360
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 125 d Female Adult Not Reported Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Exposure Factor Datasets

California Newt (Taricha torosa)

Citation:

Ontogenetic changes in California newts (Taricha torosa) in response to chemical cues from conspecific predators

Author(s)
Kats, Lee B., Jennifer A. Breeding and Kimberly M. Hanson
Pages
321-325
Year
Issue
2
Volume
13
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation time from egg to hatching wks Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Santa Monica Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)

Citation:

A population study of the harvest mice (Reithrodontomys raviventris Dixon) in the Palo Alto Baylands Salt Marsh

Author(s)
Wondolleck, John T., William Zolan and Gary L. Stevens
Pages
52-64
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 25 d Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Burrowing Owl (Speotyto cunicularia)

Author(s)
Haug, Elizabeth A., Brian A. Millsap and Mark S. Martell
Pages
1-20
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Breeding of captive kangaroo rats, Dipodomys merriami and D. microps

Author(s)
Daly, M., Margo I. Wilson and P. Behrends
Pages
338-341
Year
Issue
2
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 33 modal duration d Female Adult 65 captured near Palm Springs, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 4 wk Female Adult Not Reported Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo

Riparian Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. riparius)

Citation:

Status review of the riparian brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) in California

Author(s)
Larsen, Caryla J.
Pages
1-22
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Nongame Bird and Mammal Section Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review reported gestation period was 27 d (data source unspecified) Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides)

Citation:

The reproduction of heteromyid rodents in captivity

Author(s)
Eisenberg, John F. and Donald E. Isaac
Pages
61-67
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 32 d Female Adult 2 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nubiterrae)

Citation:

Postnatal growth and development of Peromyscus maniculatus nubiterrae

Author(s)
Linzey, A. V.
Pages
152-155
Year
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28.54 d Female Adult 22 captured in Coche County, TN Exposure Factor Datasets 0.81 Laboratory

Desert Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana ssp. stejnegeri)

Citation:

Proximate control of variation of clutch, egg, and body size in a west Texas population of Uta stansburiana stejnegeri (Sauria: Iguanidae)

Author(s)
Ferguson, Gary W., Howard L. Snell and Allan J. Landwer
Pages
227-238
Year
Issue
2
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 46.4 time to hatching at 29C d Both Male and Female Embryo 802 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.018 SE Laboratory

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

Traill's flycatcher breeding biology

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C.
Pages
50-68
Year
Issue
3
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 13.3 d Both Male and Female Embryo 28 nests Toledo, Wooster, OH Exposure Factor Datasets 0.1 SE

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Supression of growth and reproduction of microtine rodents by social factors

Author(s)
Batzli, G. O., Lowell L. Getz, and Sarah S. Hurley
Pages
583-591
Year
Issue
4
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Nutritional ecology of the California vole: Effects of food quality on reproduction

Author(s)
Batzli, George O.
Pages
406-412
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 3 wks Both Male and Female Adult 24 Exposure Factor Datasets subadult Laboratory

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation observed range of incubation periods d Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

American Peregrine Falcon

Author(s)
Aldrich, John A.
Pages
1-14
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets USA
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