Clutch or Litter Size

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Displaying 425 data points

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Nesting biology of mallards in California

Author(s)
McLandress, M. Robert, Gregory S. Yarris, Alison E.H. Perkins, Daniel P. Connelly and Dennis G. Raveling
Pages
94-107
Year
Issue
1
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8.9 eggs Not Reported Not Reported 521 Sacramento Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.2 eggs Not Reported Not Reported 246 San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.3 eggs Not Reported Not Reported 227 Northeastern California Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival and nest success of sympatric female mallards, Anas platyrynchos, and American black ducks, Anas rubripes, breeding in a forested environment

Author(s)
Dwyer, Chris P. and Guy A. Baldassare
Pages
213-216
Year
Issue
2
Volume
107
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 9.3 eggs Female Adult 18 Adirondack Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets 1.3 (SD)

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Morrell, Stephen
Pages
162-174
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size pups Female Adult 5 litters Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Reproduction and spacing patterns of kit foxes relative to changing prey availability

Author(s)
White, Patrick J. and Katherine Ralls
Pages
861-867
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size pups Female Adult 4 foxes Carrizo Plain Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo

Eastern Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. columbianum)

Citation:

The sexual strategy of the central long-toed salamander, Ambystoma macrodactylum columbianum, in south-eastern Washington

Author(s)
Verrel, Paul and Janet Pelton
Pages
37-50
Year
Volume
240
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/female Female Adult 11 Palouse grasslands, Pullman Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Life history characteristics of populations of the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) from different altitudes

Author(s)
Howard, James H. and Richard L. Wallace
Pages
361-373
Year
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 166.5 eggs/cluster averaged 16.7 eggs/female Female Adult 25 Lindsey Creek, Perce County (elev., 420m) Exposure Factor Datasets 59.7 SD

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)

Citation:

Notes on the range and life history of the Pacific fresh-water turtle, Clemmys marmorata

Author(s)
Storer, Tracy I.
Pages
429-441
Year
Issue
5
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive parameters of Pacific pond turtles Clemmys marmorata in the streams on the coast of central California

Author(s)
Scott, Norman J., Jr., Galen B. Rathbun, Thomas G. Murphey and Margaret B. Harker
Publisher
American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 5.69 average clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 81 clutches Arroyo Laguna, Little Pico Creek, Pico Creek and San Simeon Creek Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana ssp. stejnegeri)

Citation:

Dry and wet year comparisons of clutch and adult body sizes of Uta stansburiana stejnegeri

Author(s)
Worthington, Richard D.
Pages
332-334
Year
Issue
3
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 based on number of enlarged vitellogenic ovarian follicles (>2 mm) or oviductal eggs during a "dry" year eggs/clutch Female Adult 8 Anapra, Dona Ana county Exposure Factor Datasets 0.38
Clutch or Litter Size 3.75 based on number of enlarged vitellogenic ovarian follicles (>2 mm) or oviductal eggs during a "wet" year eggs/clutch Female Adult 20 Anapra, Dona Ana county Exposure Factor Datasets 0.25

Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)

Citation:

The number of young of Xantusia

Author(s)
Brattstrom, Bayard H.
Pages
143-144
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size determined by embryo count young/female Female Adult 5 San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The number of young found in the Island Night lizard

Author(s)
Amrein, Yost U. and Margaret B. Amrein
Pages
180
Year
Volume
1951
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size determined from fetus count young/female Female Adult 2 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. neomexicanus)

Citation:

Onset of the breeding season and size of first litters in two species of cottontails from southwestern Texas

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A. and Raymond P. Morgan II
Pages
277-280
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.60 young/litter Female Adult 10 Big Lake Exposure Factor Datasets

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

A study of the California clapper rail

Author(s)
Zucca, Joseph J.
Pages
135-153
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 7.22 mean clutch size Not Reported Not Reported 27 nests Dumbarton Bridge Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets San Francisco

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Intraspecific litter size variation in Microtus californicus II. variation between populations

Author(s)
Krohne, David T.
Pages
1174-1182
Year
Issue
6
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 5.23 inhabiting annual grassland enclosure pups/litter Female Adult 42 captured in Contra Costa County, CA Exposure Factor Datasets 0.33 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.4 mean; early growing season pups/litter Female Adult 9 Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 0.9 (95%CI)
Clutch or Litter Size 5.2 mean; height of growing season pups/litter Female Adult 13 Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 0.8 (95%CI)
Clutch or Litter Size 3.6 mean; dry season pups/litter Female Adult 5 Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 0.7 (95%CI)
Clutch or Litter Size 3.0 mean; early growing season pups/litter Female Adult 11 Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 0.8 (95%CI)

California Whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis), Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)

Citation:

Reproduction and food of some California snakes

Author(s)
Cunningham, John D.
Pages
17-19
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/female Female Adult 5 Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles, Mariposa, Tuolumne
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/female Female Adult 5 Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles, Mariposa, Tuolumne

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

The ecology of Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami Mearns) on the grazing of lands of southern Arizona

Author(s)
Reynolds, Hudson G.
Pages
112-127
Year
Issue
2
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.02 embryos/female Female Adult Not Reported Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000-4000 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population Ecology of a desert rodent: Dipodomys merriami in the Chihuahuan Desert

Author(s)
Zeng, Zongyong and James H. Brown
Pages
1328-1340
Year
Issue
5
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2 estimated by palpation young/litter Female Adult Not Reported Cave Creek Bajada, Cochise County (elev., 1330 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Life history notes on Merriam's kangaroo rat in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Reynolds, Hudson G.
Pages
48-58
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.02 embryos/female Female Adult 133 Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000 - 4500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)

Citation:

Selenium accumulation in mammals exposed to contaminated California irrigation drainwater

Author(s)
Clark Jr., Donald R.
Pages
147-168
Year
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size young/litter Female Adult 2 Volta and Kesterson Exposure Factor Datasets Merced
Citation:

The rabbits of California

Author(s)
Orr, R.T.
Pages
1-227
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.6 young/litter Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Delayed nesting decreases reproductive success in northern flickers: implications for competition with European starlings

Author(s)
Ingold, Danny J.
Pages
321-326
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 4.71 average size of clutches laid late in the breeding season (1990-92,1994) eggs/clutch Female Adult 7 clutches New Concord, Muskingum County (40 deg, 00'N, 81 deg, 46'W) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparative reproductive success of yellow-shafted, red-shafted and hybrid flickers across a hybrid zone

Author(s)
Moore, William S. and Walter D. Koenig
Pages
42-51
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size range of mean clutch sizes measured among auratus ssp., cafer ssp., and auratus/cafer hybrid flickers eggs/clutch Female Adult 10-32 clutches per subspecies or hybrid group Lincoln, Morrill, Scottsbluff Counties, NE; Platte County, WY Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of snowy plovers at Great Salt Lake, Utah

Author(s)
Paton, Peter W.C.
Pages
275
Year
Issue
2
Volume
107
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3 modal clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 327 clutches Great Salt Lake, Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Distribution and abundance of breeding snowy plovers on the Pacific coast of Baja California

Author(s)
Palacios, Eduardo, Lucia Alfaro and Gary W. Page
Pages
490-497
Year
Issue
4
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.55 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 36 nests Baja California peninsula Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO 0.69 SD

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Nesting habits of the California shrike

Author(s)
Atkinson, William A.
Pages
9-11
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 9 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Citation:

Nest ecology, productivity, and growth of the loggerhead shrike on the shortgrass prairie

Author(s)
Porter, David K., Mark A. Strong, J. Brent Giezentanner and Ronald A. Ryder
Pages
429-436
Year
Issue
4
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 6.39 average clutch size, 4 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 77 pairs Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding ecology of Lanius ludovicianus nesting in sagebrush

Author(s)
Woods, Christopher P.
Pages
244-250
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 6.1 average number of eggs per clutch, 2 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 84 clutches Ada, Elmoor, Owyhee Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.8 SD
Citation:

Nesting ecology of the loggerhead shrike in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Tyler, Jack D.
Pages
95-104
Year
Issue
1
Volume
104
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 5.8 average clutch size, 4 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 101 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dynamics of a loggerhead shrike population in Minnesota

Author(s)
Brooks, Bonnie L. and Stanley A. Temple
Pages
441-450
Year
Issue
3
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.65 average clutch size, 2 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 46 clutches southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets 1.17 SD

Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)

Citation:

Organochlorine pollutants and population status of least terns in South Carolina

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J. and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
62-71
Year
Issue
1
Volume
91
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 1.73 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 396 clutches Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Effects of supplemental food on growth and adult size in the song sparrow

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M. and Peter Arcese
Pages
1416-1423
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 1.64 no supplemental food young/nest Not Reported Chick 44 nests Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets 6 d CANADA 0.13
Citation:

Effects of granular formulations of terbufos and fonofos applied to cornfields on mortality and reproductive success of songbirds

Author(s)
Knapton, Richard W., and Pierre Mineau
Pages
138-153
Year
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.22 mean clutch size of nests in control plots eggs/clutch Female Adult 32 nests southwestern Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.94
Citation:

Effects of population density and supplemental food on reproduction in song sparrows

Author(s)
Arcese, Peter and James N. M. Smith
Pages
119-136
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.31 suppl. food eggs/clutch Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs with suppl. food Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.11 SE
Clutch or Litter Size 2.77 no suppl. food eggs/clutch Both Male and Female Adult 56 pairs without suppl. food Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.15 SE
Citation:

Population structure in salt marsh song sparrows Part II: Density, Age Structure, and Maintanance

Author(s)
Johnston, Richard F.
Pages
254-272
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 3.14 eggs/nest Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

The ecology of beach-dwelling Peromyscus maniculatus on the Pacific Coast

Author(s)
Marinelli Lui, and John S. Millar
Pages
412-417
Year
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.1 based on embryo counts #/litter Female Adult 11 Vancouver Island. [lat., 48 ^o, 50' N; long., 125^o, 15'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.34
Citation:

Life History Parameters in Mice Exposed to a Prolonged Drought

Author(s)
Morton, Martin L., Michael L. Morrison, Linnea S. Hall and Maria E. Pereyra
Pages
18-28
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.50 #/litter Female Adult 4 Pinyon-juniper zone near Westgard Pass (elev., 2500 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo 1.29 SD
Citation:

Seasonal reproductive pattern in four coexisting rodent species from the Cascade Mountains, Washington

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and Barnes, B. M.
Year
Issue
2
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.6 #/litter Female Adult 6 Cascade Mountains, Fish Lake [lat., 47^o, 49'N; long., 120^o, 40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 1.37 SD
Citation:

Breeding by Peromyscus in seasonal environments

Author(s)
Millar, John S., F.B. Wille and Stuart L. Iverson
Pages
719-727
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.70 #/litter Female Adult 10 Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets primiparous CANADA 0.54 SE
Clutch or Litter Size 5.24 #/litter Female Adult 46 Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets multiparous CANADA 0.22 SE

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

American Peregrine Falcon

Author(s)
Aldrich, John A.
Pages
1-14
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size review Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

The influence of male-defended oviposition sites on early embryo mortality in bullfrogs

Author(s)
Howard, Richard D.
Pages
789-798
Year
Issue
4
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The reproductive behavior of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)

Author(s)
Ryan, Michael J.
Pages
108-114
Year
Volume
1980
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7,360 Number of eggs in a 10x10cm area used to estimate eggs per mass #/egg mass Female Adult 36 Basking Pond, Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, Morris County Exposure Factor Datasets 741.7 SE

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Artificial burrows provide new insight into burrowing owl nesting biology

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J. and Lawrence J. Blus
Pages
82-85
Year
Issue
3
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 4 burrows Umatillo and Morrow counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Selected aspects of burrowing owl ecology and behavior

Author(s)
Martin, Dennis J.
Pages
446-456
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 78 total number of young observed on study site young/study site Both Male and Female Juvenile 15 pairs Albuquerque Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Sexual size dimorphism, mate choice, and productivity of burrowing owls

Author(s)
Plumpton, David L and R. Scott Lutz
Pages
724-727
Year
Issue
3
Volume
111
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 4.38 mean productivity chicks/nesting territory Both Male and Female Adult 33 nests Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Area Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size mean annual productivity young/breeding adult Both Male and Female Adult 18 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

A comparison of populations of desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi, in grazed and ungrazed areas in Ivanpah Valley, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Philip A. Medica and Craig L. Lyons
Pages
139-162
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size range of mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Not Reported 7-15 Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Age-size relationships of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizi) in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Philip A. Medica and R. Bruce Bury
Pages
974-979
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1987
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size determined by x-ray examination of females eggs/clutch Female Adult 3 animals Rock Valley, Nye County (elev., 1020m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Egg production by the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Page Hayden, Betty L. Burge and Jan B. Roberson
Pages
93-104
Year
Issue
1
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size range of means for 3 yrs; based on x-ray examination (overall range = 1-8) eggs/clutch Female Adult 20-26 animals Ivanpah Valley, Goffs Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Population ecology of the desert tortoise at Goffs, San Bernadino County, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Kristin H. Berry, Betty L. Burge, Page Hayden, Lori Nicholson and Jan Bickett
Pages
68-81
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.17 estimated by x-ray examination eggs/clutch Female Adult 35 clutches Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 732m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 0.22SE

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

California sea lion mortality: Natural or artifact

Author(s)
Brownell, R. L. and B.J. LeBoeuf
Pages
287-305
Publisher
Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 1 pup/litter Female Adult Not Reported San Miguel Island Exposure Factor Datasets

California Newt (Taricha torosa)

Citation:

The number of egg masses and eggs laid by the California newt, Taricha torosa

Author(s)
Brame, Arden H.
Pages
169-170
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/mass Female Adult 6 egg masses Sycamore Canyon Creek, San Gabriel Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Citation:

The reproductive cycle in Taricha torosa (Triturus torosus)

Author(s)
Miller, Malcom R. and Marilyn E. Robbins
Pages
415-445
Year
Volume
125
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size ova/mature ovary Female Adult Not Reported Palo Alto Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of solar UV-B radiation on embryonic development in Hyla cadaverina, Hyla regilla and Taricha torosa

Author(s)
Anzalone, Christopher R., Lee B. Kats and Malcolm S. Gordon
Pages
646-653
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size #/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Santa Monica Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. audubonii)

Citation:

Natural history observations on the Audubon cottontail

Author(s)
Ingles, Lloyd G.
Pages
227-250
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3 young/litter Female Adult Not Reported Sacramento Valley, Durham Exposure Factor Datasets

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

Clutch size of the lizard Uta stansburiana in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Hoddenbach, Gerard A. and Frederick B. Turner
Pages
262-265
Year
Volume
80
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size range of monthly means for 2 size classes measured over 3 yrs. eggs/clutch Female Adult 3 - 95 clutches/mo Rock Valley, Nye County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hormonal and physiological control of clutch size, egg size and egg shape in side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana): constraints on the evolution of lizard life histories

Author(s)
Sinervo, Barry and Paul Licht
Pages
252-264
Year
Volume
257
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 4.6 average clutch size eggs/female Female Adult 16 Corral Hollow Road Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Clutch or Litter Size 4.3 average clutch size eggs/female Female Adult 27 Del Puerto Canyon Road Exposure Factor Datasets Stanislaus
Clutch or Litter Size 6.3 average clutch size eggs/female Female Adult 35 Los Banos Creek, Billy Wright Road Exposure Factor Datasets Merced
Citation:

Notes on reproduction of the side-blotched lizard Uta stansburiana stansburiana in southwest Idaho

Author(s)
Bakewell, George, Joseph M. Chopek and Gary L. Burkholder
Pages
477-482
Year
Issue
3
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.75 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 124 Snake River Valley (elev., 530-750m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)

Citation:

Developmental effects of incubation temperature on hatchling pine snakes Pituophis melanoleucus

Author(s)
Burger, Joanna, Robert T. Zappalorti and Michael Gochfeld
Pages
727-732
Year
Volume
87
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 8.8 eggs/clutch Female Adult 38 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative ecology of two snake species (Crotalus viridis and Pituophis melanoleucus) in southwestern Idaho

Author(s)
Diller, Lowell V. and Richard L. Wallace
Pages
343-360
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 6.9 eggs/clutch Female Adult 20 Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Exposure Factor Datasets 2.10 SD

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in central Alberta, 1964-1968

Author(s)
Nellis, Carl H. and Lloyd B. Keith
Pages
389-399
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 5.3 pups/litter Female Adult 26 Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Behavioral ecology of coyotes on the National Elk Refuge, Jackson, Wyoming

Author(s)
Camenzind, Franz J.
Pages
267-296
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.45 #/litter Female Adult Not Reported National Elk Refuge, Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets 0.33 SD
Citation:

Coyote, Canis latrans, ecology in a rural-urban environment

Author(s)
Atkinson, K.T. and D.M. Shackleton
Pages
49-54
Year
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.4 estimated by placental scars, number of foeti and 2 litters young/litter Female Adult 20 Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.8 SD

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nubiterrae)

Citation:

Postnatal growth and development of Peromyscus maniculatus nubiterrae

Author(s)
Linzey, A. V.
Pages
152-155
Year
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 4.06 #/litter Female Adult 20 captured in Coche County, TN Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)

Citation:

Life cycle characteristics of northern Peromyscus maniculatus borealis

Author(s)
Millar, J.S.
Pages
510-515
Year
Issue
4
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 5.03 Female Adult 98 Original pairs trapped at Heart Lake, Northwest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets 0.18 SE Laboratory

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Reproduction in the desert lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mayhew, Wilbur W.
Pages
57-77
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size based on eggs in oviduct eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Dale Dry Lake, Palm Springs and Algodones Dunes Exposure Factor Datasets Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino
Citation:

The ecology of the desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Norris, Kenneth S.
Pages
265-287
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Light-footed Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. levipes)

Citation:

Nesting habitat of the light-footed clapper rail in southern California

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W., Richard Zembal and Paul D. Jorgensen
Pages
67-80
Year
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 6.55 mean clutch size (1 year) Female Adult 33 nests Tijuana Marsh, Upper Newport and Anaheim Bays Exposure Factor Datasets Orange 0.19 SE

Valley Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. fitchi)

Citation:

Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
28
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 11.32 based on embryo count eggs/litter Female Adult 22 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.98

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California least tern

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W.
Pages
1-24
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 2 most frequent clutch size, 2 years Female Adult 96 nests Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Second wave nesting of the California least tern: age composition and reproductive success

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W. and Jonathon L. Atwood
Pages
596-605
Year
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 2.33 (first wave), 1.70 (second wave) average clutch sizes for early and late nesters eggs/clutch Female Adult 10 nests (first wave), 33 nests (second wave) NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Experiments on the nesting behavior of the least tern, Sterna albifrons browni

Author(s)
Davis, Milton E.
Pages
25-43
Year
Issue
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 12 clutches Huntington Beach State Park Exposure Factor Datasets Orange

Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. sirtalis)

Citation:

Stages in the normal development of the common garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis

Author(s)
Zehr, David R.
Pages
322-329
Year
Volume
1962
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 12.9 young/litter Female Adult 104 Hanover Exposure Factor Datasets 6.1 SD
Citation:

Comparative ecology of the common garter snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the ribbon snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus) and Butler's garter snake (Thamnophis butleri) in mixed populations

Author(s)
Carpenter, Charles C.
Pages
235-238
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 18 young/litter Female Adult 20 Washtenaw County Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

Effects of female pairing status and timing of breeding on nesting productivity in western meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta)

Author(s)
Dickinson, T.E., J.B. Falls, and J. Kopachena
Pages
3093-3101
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.41 mean size of clutches laid early (pre-May 1), mid (May 1-10), or late season (post-May 10) eggs/clutch Female Adult 41 nests near Delta, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.14 SE

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

Fat and breeding cycles in two montane populations of Sceloporus occidentalis (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguandidae)

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr. and Allen Allison
Pages
211-220
Year
Issue
3
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 11.3 eggs/clutch Female Adult 48 yellow pine forest, central Sierra Nevada (elev., 1500m) Exposure Factor Datasets 0.41SE
Citation:

The evolution of maternal investment in lizards: an experimental and comparative analysis of egg size and its effects on offspring performance

Author(s)
Sinervo, Barry
Pages
279-294
Year
Issue
2
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 39 - 59 Table Mountain, Wrightwood (elev., 2200m) and Mojave desert, Pearblossom (elev., 1330m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 12 n Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

The rabbits of California

Author(s)
Orr, R.T.
Pages
1-227
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.5 young/litter Female Adult 11 Exposure Factor Datasets

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Weight growth of young double-crested cormorants in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec

Author(s)
Desgranges, Jean-Luc
Pages
79-86
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.2 mean clutch size among successful nests eggs Female Adult 32 nests St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.2 SE

Red-sided Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. parietalis)

Citation:

An ecological study of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
493-564
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 14.5 young/litter Female Adult 132 Douglas and Jefferson Counties Exposure Factor Datasets

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)

Citation:

A population study of the harvest mice (Reithrodontomys raviventris Dixon) in the Palo Alto Baylands Salt Marsh

Author(s)
Wondolleck, John T., William Zolan and Gary L. Stevens
Pages
52-64
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 4 #/litter Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Natural history of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon

Author(s)
Barlow, Jon C.
Pages
243-296
Year
Issue
5
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.39 mean clutch size (over 2 years) eggs/clutch Female Adult 33 records Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Mephitis mephitis

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and B.J. Verts
Pages
1-7
Year
Volume
173
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size review Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Influence of nest-box placement and density on abundance and productivity of American kestrels in central Missouri

Author(s)
Toland, Brian R. and William H. Elder
Pages
712-717
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Clutch or Litter Size 5.1 mean clutch size over 3 years eggs per nest Female Adult 28 pairs rural and urban lands Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Multiple litters in the California ground squirrel, Spermophilus beecheyi fisheri, in Tulare county

Author(s)
Simpson, G. L., and T.K. Lamunyon
Pages
101-104
Year
Volume
9
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size embryos/female Female Adult Not Reported Coho creek Exposure Factor Datasets Tulare

Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)

Citation:

Geographic variation in reproductive characteristics among Canadian populations of the common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)

Author(s)
Gregory, Patrick T. and Karl W. Larsen
Pages
946-958
Year
Volume
1993
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size range of site means based on sum of live and dead young and undeveloped eggs at parturition young/litter Female Adult 4 - 30/site Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.68 mean clutch size in first nests eggs/nest Female Adult 31 nests Wooster and Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE Exposure Factor Datasets 0.1 SE

Fresno Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides ssp. exilis)

Citation:

Observations on the natural history of the Fresno kangaroo rat

Author(s)
Culbertson, A.E.
Pages
189-193
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 2 young/litter Female Adult Not Reported adults captured near Fresno Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
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