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Cave Bat (Myotis velifer)

Citation:

The natural history of the cave bat, Myotis velifer.

Author(s)
Hayward, B.J.
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 1 Young/yr F Adult Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Pocketed Free-Tailed Bat (Nyctinomops femorosaccus)

Citation:

Nyctinomops femorosaccus.

Author(s)
Kumirai, A. and Jones, J.K.
Volume
349
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 1 Young/year F Exposure Factor Datasets

American Robin (Turdus migratorius)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive changes in the American Robin (Turdus migratorius L.) of the Pacific Northwest.

Author(s)
Kemper, D.L. and Taylor, J.M.
Issue
2
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.04 Eggs per nest Eggs/nest B Embryo 27 clutches University of British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.59
Clutch or Litter Size 3.25 Eggs per nest Eggs/nest Embryo 8 clutches University of British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.71
Citation:

Recovery of an American Robin Turdue-Migratorius population after earlier DDT use.

Author(s)
Beaver, D.L.
Issue
3
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.8 Eggs/nest B Embryo 13 Michigan State University, north campus Exposure Factor Datasets USA 2.6
Clutch or Litter Size 3.2 Eggs/nest B Embryo 14 Michigan State University, north campus Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.19
Clutch or Litter Size 3.4 Eggs/nest B Embryo 60 Ithaca Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.07
Clutch or Litter Size 3.6 Eggs/nest B Embryo 67 Ithaca Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.08
Clutch or Litter Size 3.5 Eggs/nest B Embryo 30 Madison Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.1
Clutch or Litter Size 3.6 Eggs/nest B Embryo 70 Madison Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.07
Clutch or Litter Size 3.3 Eggs/nest B Embryo 46 Madison Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.09
Clutch or Litter Size 3.4 Eggs/nest B Embryo 42 Pittsburgh Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.11
Clutch or Litter Size 3.5 Eggs/nest B Embryo 13 East Lansing Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.18
Citation:

Reproduction of American robin (Turdus migratorius) in a suburban environment.

Author(s)
Morneau, F., Lépine, C., Décarie, R., Villard, M.A. and DesGranges, J.L.
Issue
1
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.6 Eggs/nest B Embryo 34 Montreal Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.7
Clutch or Litter Size Review Eggs/nest B Embryo See citation Table 1 Several states Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size Clutch 1: 3.8; clutch 2: 3.3 Eggs/nest B Embryo Clutch 1: 18; clutch 2: 16 Montreal Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Reproductive biology of American Robins in northern Maine.

Author(s)
Knupp, D.M., Owen Jr, R.B. and Dimond, J.B.
Issue
1
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 3.2 Eggs per nest 38 nests Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Notes on reproductive activities of robins in Iowa and Illinois.

Author(s)
Klimstra, W.D. and Stieglitz, W.O.
Issue
4
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 3.17 Eggs per nest Eggs/nest Embryo 29 clutches Carbondale area Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size 3.44 Eggs per nest Eggs/nest Embryo 81 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Offspring size as an index of habitat degradation.

Author(s)
Warkentin, I.G., Reed, J.M. and Dunham, S.M.
Issue
2
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size Initial: 3.8; 8 d: 2.5; 8 d successful only: 3.2 Eggs/nest Embryo Not reported San Juan canyon; Toiyabe Mountains in Lander and Nye Counties Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA Initial: 0.2; 8 d: 0.3; 8 d successful only: 0.2
Clutch or Litter Size Initial: 3.5; 8 d: 1.9; 8 d successful only: 3.0 Eggs/nest Embryo Not reported Stewart canyon; Toiyabe Mountains in Lander and Nye Counties Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA Initial: 0.1; 8 d: 0.3; 8 d successful only: 0.2
Clutch or Litter Size Initial: 3.6; 8 d: 1.7; 8 d successful only: 3.3 Eggs/nest Embryo Not reported Clear canyon; Toiyabe Mountains in Lander and Nye Counties Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA Initial: 0.1; 8 d: 0.4; 8 d successful only: 0.2

California Whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis)

Citation:

Reproduction in the striped racer Masticophis-lateralis colubridae

Author(s)
Goldberg, S.R.
Issue
4
Volume
9
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 7.21 Egg count Month Embryo 19 Throughout California Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Western Mastiff Bat (Eumops perotis californicus)

Citation:

Observations on the California mastiff bat.

Author(s)
Krutzsch, P.H.
Issue
3
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size Number of young/pregnancy B Embryo Exposure Factor Datasets

Santa Cruz Long-Toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum)

Citation:

A comparison of the life histories of coastal and montane populations of Ambystoma macrodactylum in California.

Author(s)
Anderson, J.D.
Issue
2
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 307 Number of eggs eggs F Adult 5 Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz USA

Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)

Citation:

Colony turnover, nest success and productivity, and causes of nest failure among wading birds (Ciconiiformes) at Lake Okeechobee, Florida (1989-1992).

Author(s)
Smith, J.P. and Collopy, M.W.
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 1989: 3.5, 1990 & 1991: 3.3, 1992: 3.4 Eggs per nest Eggs/nest B Embryo See citation Lake Okeechobee Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Reproductive parameters for nine avian species at Moore Creek, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge.

Author(s)
Girard, G.T.
Volume
219
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3 Eggs/nest Embryo 60 Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Brevard County Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.56
Clutch or Litter Size 3.1 Eggs/nest Embryo 49 Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Brevard County Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.52
Clutch or Litter Size 2.7 Eggs/nest Embryo 11 Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Brevard County Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.65
Citation:

Status, trends, and implications for the conservation of heron and egret nesting colonies in the San Francisco Bay area.

Author(s)
Kelly, J.P., Etienne, K., Strong, C., McCaustland, M. and Parkes, M.L
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size See citation Figure 7 Young in successful nests Nestling See citation San Francisco bay area Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size Central San Francisco Bay: 2.18, Outer Coast-a: 1.82, Outer coast-b: 1.75, San Pablo Bay-a: 2.49, San Pablo Bay-b: 2.46, Russian River-a: 2.37, Russian River-b: 2.38 Mean young fledged in successful nests Fledglings Fledgling Central San Francisco Bay: 35, Outer Coast-a: 38, Outer coast-b: 15, San Pablo Bay-a: 160, San Pablo Bay-b: 103, Russian River-a: 97, Russian River-b: 53 San Francisco bay area Exposure Factor Datasets USA Central San Francisco Bay: 0.135, Outer Coast-a: 0.076, Outer coast-b: 0.086, San Pablo Bay-a: 0.059, San Pablo Bay-b: 0.046, Russian River-a: 0.060, Russian River-b: 0.048
Clutch or Litter Size Central San Francisco Bay: 2.03, Outer Coast-a: 1.27, Outer coast-b: 1.60, San Pablo Bay-a: 2.09, San Pablo Bay-b: 1.54, Russian River-a: 1.66, Russian River-b: 1.75 Mean young produced in successful nests Young Nestling Central San Francisco Bay: 35, Outer Coast-a: 38, Outer coast-b: 15, San Pablo Bay-a: 160, San Pablo Bay-b: 103, Russian River-a: 97, Russian River-b: 53 San Francisco bay area Exposure Factor Datasets USA Central San Francisco Bay: 0.236, Outer Coast-a: 0.073, Outer coast-b: 0.193, San Pablo Bay-a: 0.119, San Pablo Bay-b: 0.136, Russian River-a: 0.103, Russian River-b: 0.128
Citation:

Breeding biology of five species of herons in coastal Florida.

Author(s)
Maxwell, G.R. and Kale, H.W.
Issue
4
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.9 No. eggs laid March 23-May 2 Eggs/nest Embryo 77 Riomar Island, Indian River County Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.06
Citation:

Regional patterns of wading bird productivity in northeastern US estuaries.

Author(s)
Parsons, K.C., Schmidt, S.R. and Matz, A.C.
Issue
3
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size Delaware Bay: 3.8, New York Harbor: 4.1, Cape Cod: 4.1, Boston Harbor: 4.0 Clutch size No. eggs/nest B Embryo See citation Various location in Atlantic North East Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Reproductive success of colonial tree-nesting waterbirds in Prairie Pothole Wetlands and rivers throughout Northeastern South Dakota.

Author(s)
Baker, N.J., Dieter, C.D. and Bakker, K.K.
Issue
1
Volume
174
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2008: 2.86, 2009: 3.00, mean: 2.94 Eggs/nest Embryo 2008: 22, 2009: 29 nests, mean: 25.5 NE South Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets USA 2008: 0.15, 2009: 0.11, mean: 0.09
Citation:

Reproductive success, growth and survival of Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) and Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) chicks in coastal Virginia.

Author(s)
Erwin, R.M., Haig, J.G., Stotts, D.B. and Hatfield, J.S.
Issue
1
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size Eggs/nest B Embryo 1992: 22, 1993: 48 nests Marsh islands near Chincoteague Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Vesper Bat (Myotis yumanensis)

Citation:

Myotis yumanensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae).

Author(s)
Braun, J.K., Yang, B., González-Pérez, S.B. and Mares, M.A.
Issue
918
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 1 Young per year No. young B Neonate Exposure Factor Datasets

Pacific Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Citation:

Nesting ecology of East Pacific green turtles at Playa Cabuyal, Gulf of Papagayo, Costa Rica.

Author(s)
Santidrián Tomillo, P., Roberts, S.A., Hernández, R., Spotila, J.R. and Paladino, F.V.
Issue
3
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 76.9 Eggs/clutch Embryo Playa Cabuyal, NW Costa Rica Exposure Factor Datasets COSTA RICA 18.2
Citation:

Nesting of Pacific Green Turtle Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus 1758) at Playa Matapalo, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.

Author(s)
Lopez, R.U.
Volume
142
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 60 eggs/nest Embryo 48 nests Matapalo beach, Guanacaste Exposure Factor Datasets COSTA RICA 21
Citation:

The value of long-term, community-based monitoring of marine turtle nesting: a study in the Lamu archipelago, Kenya.

Author(s)
Olendo, M.I., Okemwa, G.M., Munga, C.N., Mulupi, L.K., Mwasi, L.D., Mohamed, H.B., Sibanda, M. and Ong'anda, H.O.
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 117.7 eggs/nest Embryo 1971 nests Lamu archipelago Exposure Factor Datasets KENYA 1
Citation:

The feminizing effect of metabolic heating in Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) clutches in the eastern Mediterranean.

Author(s)
Önder, B.F. and Candan, O.
Issue
3
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size See citation Table 1 eggs/nest Embryo 8 Sugözü Beaches Exposure Factor Datasets TURKEY
Citation:

Breeding biology and hatching success of Chelonia mydas (Testudines: Cheloniidae) in Aves Island Wildlife Refuge, Venezuela, during the 2010 reproductive season.

Author(s)
Prieto-Torres, D.A. and Hernández-Rangel, J.
Issue
4
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 124 eggs/nest Embryo 2261 clutches Aves Island Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets VENEZUELA 25.7

California Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis)

Citation:

Home range size, nest-site selection and nesting success of Black Rails in Florida.

Author(s)
Legare, M.L. and Eddleman, W.R.
Issue
1
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7 Eggs/nest Embryo 13 Jena, Dixie County Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.5
Citation:

Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis)

Author(s)
Eddleman, W. R., R. E. Flores and M. Legare.
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size Review Exposure Factor Datasets

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Nutritional effects on reproductive performance of captive adult female coyotes (Canis latrans).

Author(s)
Gese, E.M., Roberts, B.M. and Knowlton, F.F.
Volume
165
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size High diet: 6.0, low diet: 4.8 Pups F Adult 11 National Wildlife Research Center Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA High diet: 0.5, low diet: 0.26
Citation:

Reproduction and body condition of California coyotes (Canis latrans).

Author(s)
Sacks, B.N.
Issue
5
Volume
86
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 6.6 pups B Pup 55 Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion Exposure Factor Datasets USA 2.2
Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in southeastern Colorado

Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Pages
174-181
Year
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.2 pups/litter Female Adult 16 Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Citation:

Population dynamics of San Joaquin kit foxes at the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California.

Author(s)
Cypher, B.L., Warrick, G.D., Otten, M.R., O'Farrell, T.P., Berry, W.H., Harris, C.E., Kato, T.T., McCue, P.M., Scrivner, J.H. and Zoellick, B.W.
Volume
145
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Clutch or Litter Size See citation Table 6 Pups/litter B Pup See citation Naval Petroleum Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Citation:

Desert kit fox (Vulpes macrotis arsipus) reproductive parameters—Upper Chuckwalla Valley, California.

Author(s)
Randel III, C.J.
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.69 Pups/litter B Pup 32 Upper Chuckwalla Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside USA 0.3

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Husbandry, overwinter care, and reproduction of captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis).

Author(s)
Lariviere, S., Hwang, Y.T., Gorsuch, W.A. and Medill, S.A.
Issue
1
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 7 Offspring/litter B Neonate 3 Delta Waterfowl and
Wetlands Research Station 		Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Clutch or Litter Size 5.5 Offspring/litter B Neonate 11 Delta Waterfowl and
Wetlands Research Station 		Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

Brood Size and Nesting Phenology in Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's Grebe (Aechmophorus clarkii) in Northern California.

Author(s)
Robison, K.M., Anderson, D.W. and Robison, R.E.
Issue
38
Volume
1
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Clutch or Litter Size See citation Table 1 Brood size as % of n Embryo See citation Clear Lake Exposure Factor Datasets Lake USA
Clutch or Litter Size See citation Table 2 Brood size as % of n Embryo See citation Eagle Lake Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen USA

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

Reproductive biology of a grassland songbird community in northcentral Montana.

Author(s)
Jones, S.L., Dieni, J.S. and Gouse, P.J.
Issue
3
Volume
122
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.4 Number of eggs Embryo 119 Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.3

Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus)

Citation:

Breeding ecology and management of snowy plovers in north-central Oklahoma.

Author(s)
Winton, B.R., Leslie Jr, D.M. and Rupert, J.R.
Issue
4
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 1995: 2.66, 1996: 2.83 Eggs/nest Embryo 1995: 238, 1996: 177 Alkaline flat at Salt Plains National Wildife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets USA 1995: 0.62, 1996: 0.46

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Survival, dispersal and early migration movements of captive-bred juvenile eastern loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus migrans).

Author(s)
Imlay, T.I., Crowley, J.F., Argue, A.M., Steiner, J.C., Norris, D.R. and Stutchbury, B.J.M.
Issue
11
Volume
143
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 2-7 nestlings/pair B Nestling 38 Kirkfield, Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Age and experience affect the reproductive success of captive loggerhead shrikes.

Author(s)
Imlay, T.L., Steiner, J.C. and Bird, D.
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.7 B Embryo 459 nesting attempts; 98 individuals Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.5
Citation:

The indirect effects of climate variability on the reproductive dynamics and productivity of an avian predator in the arid Southwest.

Author(s)
Borgman, C.C. and Wolf, B.O.
Issue
1
Volume
180
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.4 First/second broods combined B Embryo 128 Kirkland Airfore Base Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA 0.2
Citation:

Breeding biology and nesting success of Loggerhead Shrikes in Ontario.

Author(s)
Chabot, A.A., Bird, D.M. and Titman, R.D.
Issue
3
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 1991: 4.9, 1992: 5.6 Number of eggs/clutch B Embryo 1991: 27, 1992: 50 breeding pairs Three sites in southern Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding CANADA 1991: 0.1, 1992: 0.2
Citation:

Habitat selection and reproductive success of Loggerhead Shrikes in northwest Missouri: a hierarchical approach.

Author(s)
Esely Jr, J.D. and Bollinger, E.K.
Issue
3
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size Roadside nests: 5.2, interior nests: 6.1 B Embryo Exposure Factor Datasets USA Roadside nests: 1.3, interior nests: 0.5
Clutch or Litter Size Review B 13-222 Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Clutch size relative to tree cavity size in Northern Flickers.

Author(s)
Wiebe, K.L. and Swift, T.L.
Issue
2
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7.61 Eggs/clutch B Embryo 139 nests Central British Columbia (51⁰52'N, 122⁰21'W) Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.52

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

The role of pigeon consumption in the population dynamics and breeding performance of a peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) population: conservation implications.

Author(s)
López-López, P., Verdejo, J. and Barba, E.
Issue
2
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size See citation Table 1 Chicks/breeding pair Average number chicks/year NR Chick 820 nests Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Citation:

Nesting biology and food habits of the Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus radama in the south-west and central plateau of Madagascar.

Author(s)
Razafimanjato, G., de Roland, L.A.R., Rabearivony, J. and Thorstrom, R.
Issue
1
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 3-Feb Number of eggs Embryo 2 nests Tsimanampetsotsa Exposure Factor Datasets MADAGASCAR

Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)

Citation:

Breeding biology of an interior least tern (Sterna antillarum athalassos) colony in Childress County of North Texas.

Author(s)
Conway, W.C., Smith, L.M. and Ray, J.D.
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 2.25 Mean clutch size Eggs Embryo 20 nests Priarie Dog Town Fork of the Red River in Childress County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Reproductive ecology of the Least Tern along the lower Mississippi River.

Author(s)
Szell, C.C. and Woodrey, M.S.
Issue
1
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 1995: 2.7, 1996: 2.3, 1997: 2.0 Clutch size Mean number of eggs/nest Embryo 1995: 550, 1996: 265, 1997: 172 Cow Island, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size 1995: 2.6, 1996: 2.3, 1997: 1.9 Clutch size Mean number of eggs/nest Embryo 1995: 201, 1996: 392, 1997:361 Porter Lake, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size 1995: 2.4, 1996: 2.6, 1997: 1.9 Clutch size Mean number of eggs/nest Embryo 1995: 245, 1996: 183, 1997: 374 St. Francis, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size 1995: 2.4, 1996: 2.5, 1997: 2.1 Clutch size Mean number of eggs/nest Embryo 1995: 219, 1996: 159, 1997: 346 Kangaroo Pt., lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Reproductive success of colonial tree-nesting waterbirds in Prairie Pothole Wetlands and rivers throughout Northeastern South Dakota.

Author(s)
Baker, N.J., Dieter, C.D. and Bakker, K.K.
Issue
1
Volume
174
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 2008: 1.79 ± 0.03, 2009: 1.96 ± 0.02 Brood size Number of hatchlings NR Hatchling 2008: 493 nests, 2009: 559 nests Northeast SD Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia)

Citation:

Intraspecific variation in reproductive traits of burrowing owls.

Author(s)
Conway, M., Nadeau, C.P. and Conway, C.J.
Issue
3
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7.4 Number of eggs eggs Embryo 92 Southern portion of the Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Imperial Breeding USA 1.9

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

Demography of the Side-Blotched Lizard, Uta stansburiana, in sand dunes of the central Chihuahuan Desert.

Author(s)
Gadsden, H. and Castañeda, G.
Issue
3
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size Review, see Table 4 B Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
28
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.50 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 162 San Gabriel Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The demography of the lizard, Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard, in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Gerard A. Hoddenbach, Philip A. Medica and Joseph R. Lannom
Pages
505-519
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Clutch or Litter Size range of average clutch sizes on 8 dates eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets <12 mo

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Parental care and behavior of breeding American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) in central Argentina.

Author(s)
Liébana, M.S., Sarasola, J.H. and Bó, M.S.
Issue
4
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.3 eggs Embryo 6 nests Parque Luro Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets ARGENTINA 0.3

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Reproduction of Gopherus agassizii in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona.

Author(s)
Averill-Murray, R.C.
Issue
2
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.6 Mean clutch size Number of eggs 5 Sugarloaf Mountain, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets USA 1.5
Clutch or Litter Size 5.7 Mean clutch size Number of eggs 7 Sugarloaf Mountain, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets USA 2.43
Clutch or Litter Size 3.8 Mean clutch size Number of eggs 4 Sugarloaf Mountain, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets USA 1.26
Clutch or Litter Size 5.7 Mean clutch size Number of eggs 12 Sugarloaf Mountain, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets USA 1.49
Citation:

Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) thermal ecology and reproductive success along a rainfall cline.

Author(s)
Sieg, A.E., Gambone, M.M., Wallace, B.P., Clusella‐trullas, S., Spotila, J.R. and Avery, H.W.
Issue
3
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.3 Clutch size Number of eggs Embryo 19 Ivanpah Valley Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino USA 0.2
Clutch or Litter Size 3.4 Clutch size Number of eggs Embryo 15 Ivanpah Valley Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino USA 0.2

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Demography of Bell's Vireos in Missouri grassland-shrub habitats.

Author(s)
Budnik, J.M., Ryan, M.R. and Thompson III, F.R.
Issue
4
Volume
117
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 6.49 Eggs per female Adult Exposure Factor Datasets 0.58
Clutch or Litter Size 4.88 Eggs per female Adult Exposure Factor Datasets 0.3

Broad-footed Mole (Scapanus latimanus)

Citation:

Scapanus latimanus.

Author(s)
Verts, B.J. and Carraway, L.N.
Volume
666
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size Review B Adult Exposure Factor Datasets

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Production of mallards on irrigated land in the Sacramento Valley

Author(s)
Earl, John P.
Pages
23
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Clutch or Litter Size 8.37 mean clutch size eggs Female Adult 40 nests Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. sonoriensis)

Citation:

An altitudinal survey of reproduction in Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Dunmire, William W.
Pages
174-182
Year
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.06 potential litter size estimated using the larger of corpora lutea count or embryo sites #/litter Female Adult 72 White Mountain (elev., 9,800 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono 0.16 SE

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Comparison of selected aspects of burrowing owl ecology at two sites in Santa Clara county, California

Author(s)
Trulio, L.A.
Pages
63-64
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 3.0 mean number of chicks per nest chicks/nest Both Male and Female Adult 7 pairs Shoreline Park Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara

Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas formerly Bufo boreas)

Citation:

Selective mortality and reproduction in a natural population of Bufo boreas

Author(s)
Samollow, Paul B.
Pages
18-39
Year
Issue
1
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 12,000 # eggs/spawn Female Adult Not Reported Lost Lake, Linn county Exposure Factor Datasets

Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Observations on the San Joaquin leopard lizard, Crotaphytus wislizenii silus Stenjneger

Author(s)
Montanucci, Richard R.
Pages
270-283
Year
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 3 eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Tulare

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Seasonal variation in body weight, fat, and behaviour of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Holekamp, Kay E. and Scott Nunes
Pages
1425-1433
Year
Issue
6
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7.9 young/litter Female Adult 47 University of California, Santa Cruz Campus ( elev., 120 m) [lat., 37^0W; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz multiparous 0.3 SE

Eastern Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. columbianum)

Citation:

Life history characteristics of populations of the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) from different altitudes

Author(s)
Howard, James H. and Richard L. Wallace
Pages
361-373
Year
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 90.1 eggs/female Female Adult 7 Wallowa County (elev., 2470m) Exposure Factor Datasets 48.87 SD

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.3 mean; dry season pups/litter Female Adult 6 Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 1.1 (95%CI)
Citation:

Selenium accumulation in mammals exposed to contaminated California irrigation drainwater

Author(s)
Clark Jr., Donald R.
Pages
147-168
Year
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 4.2 pups/litter Female Adult 12 Volta Exposure Factor Datasets Merced

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Gestation period in the long-tailed weasel

Author(s)
Hall, E. Raymond
Pages
249-250
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 4 young/litter Female Adult 1 captured at Tahoe City, California Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

Feeding-time minimization and the territorial behavior of the willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Author(s)
Prescott, David R.C. and Alex L.A. Middleton
Pages
17-28
Year
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 4 first clutch size in 13/14 females observed eggs/nest Female Adult 14 females Badenoch Swamp, 14 km SE of Guelph (69 deg, 32'N, 80 deg, 13' W) Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

The nesting, reproductive performance, and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the red-tailed hawk and great horned owl in south-central Montana

Author(s)
Seidensticker, John C. and Harry V. Reynolds
Pages
408-418
Year
Issue
4
Volume
83
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.2 eggs/clutch Female Adult 6 nests south-central Montana Exposure Factor Datasets 0.2 SE

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)

Citation:

Adaptations and speciation of harvest mice of the marshes of San Francisco Bay

Author(s)
Fisler, George F.
Pages
1-98
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.72 young/litter Female Adult Not Reported San Francisco Bay marshes Exposure Factor Datasets

San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. samuelis)

Citation:

Variation in breeding season and clutch size in song sparrows of the pacific coast

Author(s)
Richard F. Johnston
Pages
268-273
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.28 eggs/nest Both Male and Female Adult 90 records Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. artemisiae)

Citation:

Ecological notes on deer mice in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming

Author(s)
Clark, Tim W.
Pages
14-16
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 6.2 based on embryo counts #/litter Female Adult 9 Grand Teton National Park Exposure Factor Datasets
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