Fledgling

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Birds, Terrestrial birds, Passeriformes, American Robin (Turdus migratorius)

Citation:

An assessment of DDT and other chlorinated compounds and the reproductive success of American robins (Turdus migratorius) breeding in fruit orchards.

Author(s)
Gill, H., Wilson, L.K., Cheng, K.M. and Elliott, J.E.
Issue
1
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
PCB Orchard/sprayed: 78.9; non-orchard/non-sprayed: 68.4 % fledged/brood Fledge rate B Fledgling Orchard/sprayed: 90; non-orchard/non-sprayed: 42 Okanagan Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
ORGANOCHLORINES Orchard/sprayed: 78.9; non-orchard/non-sprayed: 68.4 % fledged/brood Fledge rate B Fledgling Orchard/sprayed: 90; non-orchard/non-sprayed: 42 Okanagan Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Productivity of American robins exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls, Housatonic River, Massachusetts, USA.

Author(s)
Henning, M.H., Robinson, S.K., McKay, K.J., Sullivan, J.P. and Bruckert, H
Issue
11
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
PCB 2.2-3.2 fledgling per nest Fledgling success B Fledgling NR Housatonic River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PCB 26% Mayfield nest success B Fledgling NR Housatonic River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA

American Robin (Turdus migratorius)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive changes in the American Robin (Turdus migratorius L.) of the Pacific Northwest.

Author(s)
Kemper, D.L. and Taylor, J.M.
Issue
2
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Hatching Success 2.63 Offspring fledged per nest Fledges/nest Fledgling 27 clutches University of British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.13
Fledging or Weaning Rate 86.6 Egg-to-fledgling success rate % Fledgling 27 clutches University of British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 1.2 Nestling to fledgling mortality % Fledgling 27 clutches University of British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 100 Nestling to fledgling mortality % Fledgling 8 clutches University of British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Reproductive biology of American Robins in northern Maine.

Author(s)
Knupp, D.M., Owen Jr, R.B. and Dimond, J.B.
Issue
1
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.5 Average young fledged/nest Young fledged/nest Fledgling Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)

Citation:

Spatial and temporal trends of contaminants in eggs of wading birds from San Francisco Bay, California.

Author(s)
Hothem, R.L., Marois, K.C., Wainwright, S.E., Roster, D.L., King, K.A. and Keldsen, T.J.
Issue
8
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 1989: 0.553, 1990: 0.335 Fledgling success % hatched of total laid Fledgling 1989: 80, 1990: 96 nests San Francisco Bay Area: Bair Island Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 1989: 0.626, 1990: 0.587 Fledgling success % hatched of total laid Fledgling 1989: 110, 1990: 116 nests San Francisco Bay Area: West Marin Island Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Status, trends, and implications for the conservation of heron and egret nesting colonies in the San Francisco Bay area.

Author(s)
Kelly, J.P., Etienne, K., Strong, C., McCaustland, M. and Parkes, M.L
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size Central San Francisco Bay: 2.18, Outer Coast-a: 1.82, Outer coast-b: 1.75, San Pablo Bay-a: 2.49, San Pablo Bay-b: 2.46, Russian River-a: 2.37, Russian River-b: 2.38 Mean young fledged in successful nests Fledglings Fledgling Central San Francisco Bay: 35, Outer Coast-a: 38, Outer coast-b: 15, San Pablo Bay-a: 160, San Pablo Bay-b: 103, Russian River-a: 97, Russian River-b: 53 San Francisco bay area Exposure Factor Datasets USA Central San Francisco Bay: 0.135, Outer Coast-a: 0.076, Outer coast-b: 0.086, San Pablo Bay-a: 0.059, San Pablo Bay-b: 0.046, Russian River-a: 0.060, Russian River-b: 0.048
Citation:

Reproductive success of colonial tree-nesting waterbirds in Prairie Pothole Wetlands and rivers throughout Northeastern South Dakota.

Author(s)
Baker, N.J., Dieter, C.D. and Bakker, K.K.
Issue
1
Volume
174
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
2.8 Mean fledged/successful nest No. young fledged/nest Fledgling 2008: 25, 2009: 36 nests NE South Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.11
2.8 Mean fledged/successfully fledged nest No. young fledged/nest Fledgling 2008: 25, 2009: 36 nests NE South Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.09
Hatching Success 2008: 87.5, 2009: 77.8 Fledge success % Fledgling 2008: 25, 2009: 36 nests NE South Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 2.3 Mean fledged/nest No. young fledged/nest Fledgling 2008: 25, 2009: 36 nests NE South Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.16

Ashy Storm Petrel (Oceanodroma homochroa)

Citation:

Changing breeding status of the ashy storm-petrel Oceanodroma homochroa on Anacapa Island, California.

Author(s)
Harvey, A.L., Mazurkiewicz, D.M., McKown, M.W., Barnes, K.W. and Parker, M.W.
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning >76 Days post hatch Days NR Fledgling 1 Anacapa Islands Exposure Factor Datasets Ventura USA

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Short-term effects of the prestige oil spill on the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus).

Author(s)
Zuberogoitia, I., Martínez, J.A., Iraeta, A., Azkona, A., Zabala, J., Jiménez, B., Merino, R. and Gomez, G.
Issue
10
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1998: 1.4, 1999: 2.91, 2000: 2.54, 2001: 2.48, 2002: 2.48, 2003: 2.75 Mean number fledglings/breeding pair Mean number fledglings/breeding pair Fledgling 1998: 11, 1999: 12, 2000: 13, 2001: 22, 2002: 29, 2003: 34 Biskaia Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1998: 2, 1999: 2.91, 2000: 2.5, 2001: 2.89, 2002: 2.71, 2003: 3.21 Mean number fledglings/successful breeding pair Mean number fledglings/successful breeding pair Fledgling 1998: 11, 1999: 12, 2000: 13, 2001: 22, 2002: 29, 2003: 34 Biskaia Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1998: 1.27, 1999: 2.67, 2000: 2.31, 2001: 2.36, 2002: 1.96, 2003: 2.41 Mean number fledglings/territorial pair Mean number fledglings/territorial pair Fledgling 1998: 11, 1999: 12, 2000: 13, 2001: 22, 2002: 29, 2003: 34 Biskaia Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Citation:

Nesting biology and food habits of the Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus radama in the south-west and central plateau of Madagascar.

Author(s)
Razafimanjato, G., de Roland, L.A.R., Rabearivony, J. and Thorstrom, R.
Issue
1
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis 42 Days posthatch d Fledgling Tsimanampetsotsa Exposure Factor Datasets MADAGASCAR
Citation:

Organochlorines in Alaskan peregrine falcon eggs and their current impact on productivity

Author(s)
Ambrose, Robert E., Charles J. Henny, Robin E. Hunter, and John A. Crawford
Pages
385-393
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.78 mean number of fledglings per nest fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 18 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Status and reproduction of the peregrine falcon at a coastal lagoon in Baja California Sur, Mexico

Author(s)
Castellanos, Aradit, Federico Salinas-Zavala and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio
Pages
110-112
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.6 average fledging rate fledglings/active nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 3 breeding pairs Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO

Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus)

Citation:

Snowy Plover reproductive success in beach and river habitats.

Author(s)
Colwell, M.A., Millett, C.B., Meyer, J.J., Hall, J.N., Hurley, S.J., McAllister, S.E., Transou, A.N. and LeValley, R.R.
Issue
4
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type California Counties Countries
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis 28 d posthatch d posthatch B Fledgling Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt USA
Citation:

Age-related survival and behavior of Snowy Plover chicks.

Author(s)
Colwell, M.A., Hurley, S.J., Hall, J.N. and Dinsmore, S.J.
Issue
3
Volume
109
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis Review d posthatch Fledgling Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality Review Percent mortality % Fledgling Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality Review Timing of mortality d posthatch Fledgling Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Status of breeding and wintering snowy plovers in San Diego County, California, 1994–1999.

Author(s)
Powell, A.N., Fritz, C.L., Peterson, B.L. and Terp, J.M.
Issue
2
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Hatching Success 1994: 0.42, 1995: 0.45, 1996: 0.33, 1997: 0.48, 1998: 0.46 Fledglings/nest B Fledgling 801 nests Exposure Factor Datasets San Diego USA

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Age and experience affect the reproductive success of captive loggerhead shrikes.

Author(s)
Imlay, T.L., Steiner, J.C. and Bird, D.
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.6 B Fledgling 459 nesting attempts; 98 individuals Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.5
Citation:

The indirect effects of climate variability on the reproductive dynamics and productivity of an avian predator in the arid Southwest.

Author(s)
Borgman, C.C. and Wolf, B.O.
Issue
1
Volume
180
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 4.6 Number fledged per successful nest B Fledgling 67 Kirkland Airfore Base Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.4
Citation:

Breeding biology and nesting success of Loggerhead Shrikes in Ontario.

Author(s)
Chabot, A.A., Bird, D.M. and Titman, R.D.
Issue
3
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1991: 3.9, 1992: 4.2 Number fledged per successful nest B Fledgling 1991: 27, 1992: 50 breeding pairs Three sites in southern Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding CANADA 1991: 0.3, 1992: 0.3
Citation:

Habitat selection and reproductive success of Loggerhead Shrikes in northwest Missouri: a hierarchical approach.

Author(s)
Esely Jr, J.D. and Bollinger, E.K.
Issue
3
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate Roadside nests: 55.3%, interior nests: 79.2% B Fledgling Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Nesting ecology of the loggerhead shrike in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Tyler, Jack D.
Pages
95-104
Year
Issue
1
Volume
104
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 60 average percent of nests that fledged at least 1 young, 4 years % Not Reported Fledgling 133 pairs Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 16.8 d Not Reported Fledgling 28 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 46 calculated probability of survival of any nest from incubation onset to end of fledging % Not Reported Fledgling 109 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dynamics of a loggerhead shrike population in Minnesota

Author(s)
Brooks, Bonnie L. and Stanley A. Temple
Pages
441-450
Year
Issue
3
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.02 average number of fledglings produced per nesting attempt fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 60 nesting attempts southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets 2.07 SD
Citation:

Habitat selection and breeding biology of loggerhead shrikes in eastern Ontario and Quebec

Author(s)
Chabot, Amy, Rodger D. Titman and David M. Bird
Pages
155-156
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning d Not Reported Fledgling 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Fledging or Weaning Rate average number of young surviving to fledge per nest, 2 years fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Resource dependence and territory size in loggehead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
465-469
Year
Issue
2
Volume
111
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.1 mean number of fledglings produced per nesting attempt fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 24 clutches Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Cooperative breeding in the Campo Flicker II: Patterns of reproduction and kinship.

Author(s)
Dias, R.I., Macedo, R.H., Goedert, D. and Webster, M.S.
Issue
4
Volume
115
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate See citation Table 2 Number of fledglings produced by each female of a group B Fledgling Central Brazil Exposure Factor Datasets BRAZIL
Citation:

Survival and habitat use by fledgling northern flickers in a fragmented forest landscape.

Author(s)
Gow, E.A. and Wiebe, K.L.
Issue
2
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries Error
Foraging Distance 4th d post-fledge: 50, 18th d: 592 Distance traveled by fledglings m B Fledgling Risk Creek, British Columbia (51⁰52'N,
122⁰21'W) 		Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 4th d post-fledge: 232, 18th d: 353
Survival/ Mortality 0.994 Modeled daily survival over 22 d B Fledgling Risk Creek, British Columbia (51⁰52'N,
122⁰21'W) 		Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.004

Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)

Citation:

Chick survival, fledgling residency and evaluation of methods for estimating fledging success in least terns.

Author(s)
Bailey, J.P. and Servello, F.A.
Issue
4
Volume
31
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 0.14-0.74 Fledging success Number of fledgings/number of hatched chicks NR Fledgling Towsn of Wells & Kennebunk Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Nesting success and status of the least tern breeding colony at Gibson Lake in southwestern Indiana.

Author(s)
DeVault, T.L., Douglas, M.B., Castrale, J.S., Mills, C.E., Hayes, T. and Rhodes Jr, O.E.
Issue
1
Volume
115
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success See citation Figure 2 Young fledged NR Fledgling See citation Gibson Generating Station, Gibson County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Least Tern chick survival on the lower Mississippi River.

Author(s)
Dugger, K.M., Ryan, M.R. and Renken, R.B.
Issue
2
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 43-62% Fledging success NR Fledgling 110 Lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Reproductive success of the interior least tern (Sterna antillarum) in relation to hydrology on the Lower Mississippi River.

Author(s)
Dugger, K.M., Ryan, M.R., Galat, D.L., Renken, R.B. and Smith, J.W.
Issue
2
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 0-1.4 Chicks fledged/pair NR Fledgling 110 Lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Productivity of endangered Least Terns (Sterna antillarum athalassos) below a hydropower and flood-control facility on the Arkansas River.

Author(s)
Leslie Jr, D.M., Wood, G.K. and Carter, T.S.
Issue
4
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 0.59 Fledglings/pair NR Fledgling Arkansas River at Tulsa Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 0.67 Fledglings/pair NR Fledgling Arkansas River at Tulsa Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Post-fledging departure from colonies by juvenile Least Terns in Texas: implications for estimating production

Author(s)
Thompson, Bruce C., and R. Douglas Slack
Pages
309-313
Year
Issue
2
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 76.8 estimated survival rate of banded juveniles % Not Reported Fledgling Not Reported Aransas and San Patricio Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 2.0 2SE
Fledging or Weaning Rate estimated fledgling production among 4 colonies fledglings/breeding pairs Not Reported Fledgling 26-140 pairs/colony Aransas and San Patricio Counties Exposure Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Parental care and behavior of breeding American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) in central Argentina.

Author(s)
Liébana, M.S., Sarasola, J.H. and Bó, M.S.
Issue
4
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Vertebrates (29.1 %) Arthropods (70.9 %) Frequency determined by pellet analysis Frequency, % Fledgling 19 fledglings Parque Luro Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets ARGENTINA
Dietary Composition Vertebrates (11.2 %) Arthropods (88.8 %) Frequency determined by prey remains Frequency, % Fledgling 19 fledglings Parque Luro Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets ARGENTINA
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning d Both Male and Female Fledgling Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Fledging or Weaning Rate 98 of chicks that hatched % Both Male and Female Fledgling 150 Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Citation:

Reproductive patterns in captive American kestrels (sparrow hawks)

Author(s)
Porter, Richard D. and Stanley N. Wiemeyer
Pages
46-53
Year
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 28.4 mean nestling period d Both Male and Female Fledgling 29 chicks Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Nest box use and reproductive biology of the American kestrel in Lassen County, California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H. and Stephen J. Hawks
Pages
9-14
Year
Issue
1
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning d Both Male and Female Fledgling 112 Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.7 fledged/successful nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 30 nests Great Basin (1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.1 fledged/active nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 36 nests Great Basin (1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis July 29 median fledging date Both Male and Female Fledgling 27 pairs Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Citation:

Impacts of a nuclear energy facility on raptorial birds

Author(s)
Fitzner, R.E.
Pages
9-33
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 4.0 average number of young fledged fledges/nest Not Reported Fledgling 4 nests Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.41
Citation:

Influence of nest-box placement and density on abundance and productivity of American kestrels in central Missouri

Author(s)
Toland, Brian R. and William H. Elder
Pages
712-717
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Fledging or Weaning Rate 5.0 three year mean fledging rate number of fledglings per nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 28 pairs rural and urban lands Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Lab
HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE (HBCDD) No effect Fledging success NR Fledgling 29 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
BRODIFACOUM Bird 1: 24, bird 2: 190 µg/kg Nontarget poisoning NR Fledgling 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets

California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)

Citation:

Brown pelicans: Improved reproduction off the southern California coast

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Joseph R. Jehl, Jr., Robert W. Risebrough, Leon A. Woods, Jr., Lawrence R. Deweese, and William G. Edgecomb
Pages
806-808
Year
Volume
190
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) increased compared to positive control (1969 data) mean number of fledglings produced per nest in 1974 Both Male and Female Fledgling 1286 nests Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Brown pelicans: influence of food supply on reproduction

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Franklin Gress, and Kenneth F. Mais
Pages
23-31
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate range of mean fledging rates (number of fledglings per built nest) over a 6 year period Not Reported Fledgling 76-1258 nests/year West Anacapa Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate range of mean fledging rates (number of fledglings per built nest) over a 6 year period Not Reported Fledgling 76-1258 nests/year Isla Coronado Norte Exposure Factor Datasets

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Mourning dove production in four Idaho orchards and some possible implications

Author(s)
Fichter, Edson
Pages
438-447
Year
Issue
4
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.62 number of doves fledged per breeding adult Both Male and Female Fledgling Not Reported near American Falls Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive success of mourning doves near a nuclear generating plant

Author(s)
Faanes, Craig A.
Pages
201-204
Year
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 49.4% proportion of active nests that successfully fledged young Both Male and Female Fledgling 524 nests Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.8 mean number of young fledged per successful nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 358 nests Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

An eleven-year summary of mourning dove observations in the west

Author(s)
McClure, H. Elliott
Pages
335-346
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.87 average number of fledglings per successful nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 185 successful nests near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Mourning dove production in southwestern Iowa

Author(s)
McClure, Elliot H.
Pages
64-75
Year
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.8 average number of fledglings produced per successful nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 1108-1443 nests/year Lewis, Cass County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Life history and productivity of a population of western mourning doves in California

Author(s)
Cowan, John B.
Pages
505-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 12-13 age at which young leave nest d Both Male and Female Fledgling Not Reported Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Citation:

Nesting habits of the mourning dove in Alabama

Author(s)
Pearson, Allen M. and George C. Moore
Pages
468-473
Year
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning d Not Reported Fledgling 136 nests near Auburn Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting ecology of mourning doves in fruit orchards in north-central Washington

Author(s)
Knight, Richard L., Dwight G. Smith, David M. Gaudet and Albert W. Erickson
Pages
230-236
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.8 mean number of young fledged per nesting attempt Both Male and Female Fledgling 123 nests Rufus Woods Lake area Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth rate of nestling doves

Author(s)
Cheney, Susan and Philip W. Cheney
Pages
14-16
Year
Issue
1
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean 79.0 average body weight g Not Reported Fledgling 15 nests near Orondo, Douglas County Exposure Factor Datasets 14 days
Citation:

Nesting and production of the mourning dove in Minnesota

Author(s)
Harris, Stanley W., Marius A. Morse, and William H. Longley
Pages
150-172
Year
Issue
1
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate number of young fledged per nesting attempt fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling ~81 nests/year Madelia Research Center, Watonwan County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting and production of the mourning dove in Texas

Author(s)
Swank, Wendell G.
Pages
495-505
Year
Issue
3
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 6.7 mean number of fledglings produced per adult female fledglings/female Both Male and Female Fledgling 7 marked pairs Texas A&M College campus Exposure Factor Datasets

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

Effects of brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds on willow flycatcher nesting success along the Kern River, California

Author(s)
Harris, John H.
Pages
13-26
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 16% Percent of nests that fledged young Not Reported Fledgling 19 nests Kern River Preserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Ecology of a Sierra Nevada population of willow flycatchers

Author(s)
Flett, Mary Anne and Susan D. Sanders
Pages
37-42
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.3 average number of fledglings per nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 11 nests Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra 1.3 SD
Fledging or Weaning Rate 29% total egg-to-fledgling success rate Not Reported Fledgling 5 nests Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra
Citation:

Nest success and age-specific mortality in Traill's flycatchers

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C.
Pages
837-841
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 36.4% percent of young fledged of total eggs laid Not Reported Fledgling 272 eggs, 91 nests Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.11 mean fledglings in nests of known numbers of eggs fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 89 nests Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A high incidence of brown-headed cowbird parasitism of willow flycatchers

Author(s)
Sedgwick, James A. and Fritz L. Knopf
Pages
253-256
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 56.3% percent of unparasitized nests with at least one fledgling Not Reported Fledgling 16 nests Illinois River, Arapahoe National Wildlife Refuge (elev. 2,500 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 18.2% percent of parasitized nests with at least one fledgling Not Reported Fledgling 11 nests Illinois River, Arapahoe National Wildlife Refuge (elev. 2,500 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A preliminary report on the biology of the willow flycatcher in the central Sierra Nevada

Author(s)
Stafford, Michael D. and Bradley E. Valentine
Pages
66-77
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 50% proportion of nestlings known or believed to have fledged Both Male and Female Fledgling 8 nests Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Spacing out at Mono Lake: Breeding success, nest density, and predation in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Pages
13-24
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.64 number of chicks fledged per successful brood (for one year) fledglings/brood Not Reported Fledgling 22 nests Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Citation:

Mating system and reproductive success of a small population of polygamous snowy plovers

Author(s)
Warriner, John S., Jane C. Warriner, Gary W. Page and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
15-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis 30.9 fledging period, measured from hatch to first flight of at least 3 m d Not Reported Fledgling 22 birds Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Fledging or Weaning Rate percent of hatched chicks that fledged (over 6 years) d Not Reported Fledgling 296 chicks Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Effects of population density and supplemental food on reproduction in song sparrows

Author(s)
Arcese, Peter and James N. M. Smith
Pages
119-136
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 73 survival; no suppl. food; survival fledgling to independence % Both Male and Female Fledgling 29 pairs without suppl. food Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Effects of granular formulations of terbufos and fonofos applied to cornfields on mortality and reproductive success of songbirds

Author(s)
Knapton, Richard W., and Pierre Mineau
Pages
138-153
Year
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.88 mean number of young fledged per successful nest fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 32 nests southwestern Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.22

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii ssp. extimus)

Citation:

Status and breeding ecology of the southwestern willow flycatcher in the Grand Canyon

Author(s)
Sogge, Mark K., Timothy J. Tibbitts, Jim R. Petterson
Pages
142-157
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis June 29 (earliest fledging) - July 13 (latest fledging) dates of earlies and latest recording fledging Both Male and Female Fledgling 17 nest attempts (in 5 sample years) Colorado River Exposure Factor Datasets

Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Riparian forest as habitat for the least Bell's vireo

Author(s)
Gray, M. Violet and James M. Greaves
Pages
605-611
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate range in proportions of total chicks fledging vs. total chicks hatched (for two years) chicks fledged/chicks hatched Not Reported Fledgling 147 eggs hatched (2 yrs) Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Natural history of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon

Author(s)
Barlow, Jon C.
Pages
243-296
Year
Issue
5
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning period from hatching to leaving nest d Not Reported Fledgling 8 birds Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding behavior of the bell vireo in southern Indiana

Author(s)
Nolan, Val, Jr.
Pages
225-244
Year
Issue
4
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning period from hatching to leaving nestd d Not Reported Fledgling 6 birds Bloomington Exposure Factor Datasets

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Red-tailed hawk and horned owl populations in Wisconsin

Author(s)
Orians, Gordon and Frank Kuhlman
Pages
371-385
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate mean number of fledglings produced per successful nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 11-17 nests (3 study years) southern Green County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Impacts of a nuclear energy facility on raptorial birds

Author(s)
Fitzner, R.E.
Pages
9-33
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.67 average number of young fledged fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 12 nests Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 1.09

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Growth and develoment of nestling brown pelicans

Author(s)
Schreiber, Ralph W.
Pages
19-39
Year
Issue
1
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning range of mean fledging ages over four years days Not Reported Fledgling 7-12 birds/year Tarpon Key Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Weight growth of young double-crested cormorants in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec

Author(s)
Desgranges, Jean-Luc
Pages
79-86
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.3 fledging rate among successful nests fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 32 nests St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.2

San Clemente Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus ssp. mearnsi)

Citation:

Natural history and management of the San Clemente loggerhead shrike

Author(s)
Scott, Thomas A. and Michael L. Morrison
Pages
23-57
Year
Issue
2
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.33 mean number of fledglings produced per successful nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 29 nests San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets 0.34 SD
Survival/ Mortality 45 percent of fledglings that died before reaching independence from parents % Not Reported Fledgling 29 nests San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets
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