Coyote (Canis latrans)

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Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Comparison of coyote (Canis latrans) diets in continuous and fragmented short-grass prairie in the Texas Panhandle.

Author(s)
Kamler, J.F., Klare, U., Ballard, W.B., Wallace, M.C. and Gipson, P.S.
Issue
2
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Insect: 25.6, reptile: 1.5, bird: 3.0, small rodent: 27.0, large rodent: 27.9, leporidae: 12.2, cattle: 24.1, pronghorn: 1.4, unknown mammal: 0.2, crops: 12.3, other seeds: 5.0, other vegetation: 22.9 Frequency of occurrence, seasonal mean % NR Both Adults and Juveniles 280 Dallam County: continuous short-grass prairie Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Insect: 17.0, reptile: 0, bird: 6.7, small rodent: 37.3, large rodent: 30.3, leporidae: 18.2, cattle: 9.7, pronghorn: 1.7, crops: 16.6, other seeds: 2.2, other vegetation: 15.8 Frequency of occurrence, seasonal mean % NR Both Adults and Juveniles 186 Stratford: fragmented short-grass prairie Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Demography and body condition of coyotes (Canis latrans) in eastern New Brunswick.

Author(s)
Dumond, M. and Villard, M.A.
Issue
3
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Body Fat (total or %) 10.6 % M Both Adults and Juveniles 38 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.6
Body Weight - Mean 13.8 kg B Adult 18 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 4.5-6.0 y CANADA 0.5
Body Weight - Mean 11.3 kg B Juvenile 12 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5-2.0 y CANADA 0.3
Body Fat (total or %) 11.6 % B Adult 18 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 4.5-6.0 y CANADA 0.7
Body Fat (total or %) 10 % B Juvenile 12 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5-2.0 y CANADA 0.9
Body Weight - Mean 14.9 kg B Adult 19 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 6.5-8.0 y CANADA 0.6
Body Weight - Mean 12.5 kg B Adult 15 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 2.5-4.0 y CANADA 0.5
Body Fat (total or %) 12 % F Both Adults and Juveniles 39 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.6
Body Fat (total or %) 11.4 % B Adult 19 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 6.5-8.0 y CANADA 1.1
Body Fat (total or %) 10.8 % B Adult 15 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 2.5-4.0 y CANADA 1.1
Body Weight - Mean 15.2 kg B Adult 13 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets >8.0 y CANADA 0.8
Body Fat (total or %) 12.6 % B Adult 13 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets >8.0 y CANADA 1.1
Body Weight - Mean 14.6 kg M Both Adults and Juveniles 38 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.5
Body Weight - Mean 13.1 kg F Both Adults and Juveniles 39 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.3
Citation:

Reproduction and body condition of California coyotes (Canis latrans).

Author(s)
Sacks, B.N.
Issue
5
Volume
86
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 11.5 First year reproductive kg M Juvenile Not reported Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.2
Clutch or Litter Size 6.6 pups B Pup 55 Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion Exposure Factor Datasets USA 2.2
Body Weight - Mean 12.5 Adult reproductive kg M Juvenile Not reported Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.3
Body Weight - Mean See citation Figure 4 Body mass by reproductive period kg F Adult Not reported Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Body Weight - Mean 10.1 First year non-reproductive kg M Juvenile Not reported Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.4
Body Fat (total or %) See citation Figure 4 Visceral fat index F Adult Not reported Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Coyote (Canis latrans) food habits in a tropical deciduous forest of western Mexico.

Author(s)
Hidalgo-Mihart, M.G., Cantú-Salazar, L., López-González, C.A., Martínez-Meyer, E. and González-Romero, A.
Issue
1
Volume
146
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Mammals: 72.7, birds: 7.3, reptiles: 16.4, insects: 12.7, crustaceans: 1, vegetable matter: 60 Frequency of occurrence B Both Adults and Juveniles 59 Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Coyote (Canis latrans) diet in an urban environment: variation relative to pet conflicts, housing density, and season.

Author(s)
Poessel, S.A., Mock, E.C. and Breck, S.W.
Issue
4
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Rodents: 64, lagomorphs: 61, deer: 35, carnivores: 56, pets: 41, soricomorphs: 10, unknown: 14, native seeds: 27, non-native seeds: 35, unknown seeds: 19, trash: 27 Frequency by group NR Both Adults and Juveniles 64 Denver metro area Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Nutritional effects on reproductive performance of captive adult female coyotes (Canis latrans).

Author(s)
Gese, E.M., Roberts, B.M. and Knowlton, F.F.
Volume
165
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size High diet: 6.0, low diet: 4.8 Pups F Adult 11 National Wildlife Research Center Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA High diet: 0.5, low diet: 0.26
Citation:

A comparison of body mass of Canis latrans (coyotes) between eastern and western North America.

Author(s)
Way, J.G.
Issue
1
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Location Type
Body Weight - Mean Review Reported weights across North America Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Canis latrans (Coyote) habitat use and feeding habits in central West Virginia.

Author(s)
Crimmins, S.M., Edwards, J.W. and Houben, J.M.
Issue
3
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Figure 3 for values: Deer, rodent, lagmorph, avian, herptofauna, unknown mammal, plant 128 MeadWestvaco Wildlife and Ecosystem Research
Forest 		Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Survival and cause-specific mortality of adult coyotes (Canis latrans) in central Mississippi.

Author(s)
Chamberlain, M.J. and Leopold, B.D.
Issue
2
Volume
145
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.98 Pup-rearing season survival % B Adult Tallahala Wildlife Management Area Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.01
Survival/ Mortality 0.89 Winter season survival % B Adult Tallahala Wildlife Management Area Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.04
Survival/ Mortality 0.84 Breeding season survival % B Adult Tallahala Wildlife Management Area Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.05
Citation:

Functional feeding responses of coyotes, Canis latrans, to fluctuating prey abundance in the Curlew Valley, Utah, 1977–1993.

Author(s)
Bartel, R.A. and Knowlton, F.F.
Issue
4
Volume
83
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation for values: Lepus californicus, Peromyscus maniculatus, Reinthrodontomys megalotis, Lemmiscus curtatus, Menniscus curtatus, Perognathus parvus, Dipodomys spp., other rodents Prey identified by teeth in coyote scat NR Not Reported 39-58 Curlew Valley Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Hazards to wildlife associated with 1080 baiting for California ground squirrels

Author(s)
Hegdal, Paul L., Kathleen A. Fagherstone, Thomas A. Gatz, James F. Glahn and George H. Matschke
Pages
11-21
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE increase @ 6.7 kg/ha 5/6 radio-equipped coyotes were found dead during post-treatment period Not Reported Not Reported 6 Exeter, Tulare Toxicity Factor Datasets Tulare
Citation:

Chlorinated benzenes as physiological markers for coyotes

Author(s)
Johnston, John J., Lamar A. Windberg, Carol A. Furcolow, Richard M. Engeman and Marianna Roetto
Pages
410-421
Year
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
PENTACHLOROBENZENE see citation figures of feces and serum concentrations over time at the tested doses Both Male and Female Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 - 12 yrs Laboratory
PENTACHLOROBENZENE no effect mean body mass and appearance of eyes, gums, teeth and fur, compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 - 12 yrs Laboratory
PENTACHLOROBENZENE no effect serum chemistry and hematological profile, compared to control Both Male and Female Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 - 12 yrs Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative acute oral toxicity of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) in mammals and birds

Author(s)
Savarie, Peter J., Huo Ping Pan, David J. Hayes, Jerry D. Roberts, Gary J. Dasch, Robert Felton and Edward W. Schafer, Jr.
Pages
122-126
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARA-AMINOPROPIOPHENONE 5.6 [3.0-10.4 (95% CI)] mg/kg LD50 Not Reported Not Reported 4/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Secondary hazards to coyotes of ground squirrels poisoned with 1080 or strychnine

Author(s)
Marsh, Rex. E., Robert H. Schmidt and Walter E. Howard
Pages
380-385
Year
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
STRYCHNINE increase @ 1.321 - 2.860 mg strychnine/kg coyote 1/4 coyotes died after ingesting contaminated ground squirrels Not Reported Adult 4/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE increase @ 0.240 - 0.625 mg 1080/kg coyote 5/6 coyotes died after eating squirrels contaminated with 1080 bait (sodium monofluroacetate) Not Reported Adult 4-6/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Efficacy and safety of diphacinone as a predacide

Author(s)
Savarie, P.J., D.J. Hayes, R.T. McBride and J.D. Roberts
Pages
69-79
Publisher
American Society for Testing and Materials
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIPHACINONE 0.6 [0.3 - 1.2 (95% CL)] mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 2/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Fluoroacetate residues in ground squirrel and coyote tissues due to primary or secondary 1080 poisoning

Author(s)
Casper, Howard H., Michael E. Mount, Rex E. Marsh and Robert H. Schmidt
Pages
441-442
Year
Volume
69
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE increase @ 535-9754 ppb all coyotes died after ingesting 1-2 ground squirrels poisoned with sodium monofluoroacetate Not Reported Pup 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of lithium chloride in coyote pup diet

Author(s)
Burns, Richard J.
Pages
350-356
Year
Volume
50
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LITHIUM CHLORIDE decrease @ 18g/1500 g/d body weight gain in nursing pups of mothers fed LiCl contaminated diet Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 4 pups/2 adults Toxicity Factor Datasets 10-19d Laboratory
Citation:

Home range, activity and daily movements of coyotes

Author(s)
Andelt, William F. and Philip S. Gipson
Pages
944-951
Year
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 24.2 composite home range estimated by minimum area method km2 Female Adult 4 Lancaster and Cass Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 20.7 SD
Citation:

Coyote, Canis latrans, ecology in a rural-urban environment

Author(s)
Atkinson, K.T. and D.M. Shackleton
Pages
49-54
Year
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Time of Hatching or Parturition Apr. - May Female Adult 10 litters Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - Apr. Both Male and Female Adult 10 Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Home Range 7.7 95% home range estimated by minimum convex polygon method km2 Male Adult 6 Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 4.2 SD
Home Range 17.0 95% home range estimated by minimum convex polygon method km2 Female Adult 3 Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 20.7 SD
Citation:

Nutritional levels and growth rates of hand-reared coyote pups

Author(s)
Barnum, Douglas A., Jeffrey S. Green, Jerran T. Flinders and Norman L. Gates
Pages
820-823
Year
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean BW = -0.5049 + 0.0469A equation for predicting body weights (BW, g) of known age (A, days) pups g Both Male and Female Juvenile captured near Moscow, ID Exposure Factor Datasets 30 - 154 d Laboratory
Citation:

Food habits of coyotes, Canis latrans, in eastern Tehama county, California

Author(s)
Barrett, Reginald H.
Pages
184-192
Year
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 0.5 #/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Red Bluff Exposure Factor Datasets Tehama
Dietary Composition rodents (27.7%); rabbits (2.9%); carnivores (1.1%); ungulates (28.5%); birds (2.4%); reptiles (1.2%); fish (0.3%); invertebrates (1.9%); vegetable matter (34.0%) annual average % relative frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 1042 scats Red Bluff Exposure Factor Datasets Tehama
Citation:

Canis latrans

Author(s)
Bekoff, Marc
Pages
1-9
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Movements of suburban and rural coyotes at Saguaro National Park, Arizona

Author(s)
Bounds, Dixie L. and William W. Shaw
Pages
94-121
Year
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 15.7 overall annual home range estimated using the minimum convex polygon method km2 Both Male and Female Adult 9 Saguaro National Park, Pima County (elev., 800-1300m) Exposure Factor Datasets 4.2 SE
Citation:

Food-item use by coyotes at the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L., Kenneth A. Spencer and Jerry H. Scrivner
Pages
91-95
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition leporids (66.5%); rodents (21.5%); livestock (17.8%); coyote (2.1%); birds (17.8%); reptiles (5.4%); insects (18.6%); fruit (4.5%); other (2.1%); refuse (5.8%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents estimated over 6 yrs % Not Reported Not Reported 242 Naval Petroleum Reserves, Bakersfield (elev., 88-473m) Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in southeastern Colorado

Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Pages
174-181
Year
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0.29 pre-whelping density #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.2 pups/litter Female Adult 16 Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal Oct. - Jan. Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range range across 4 yrs and 4 habitat types km2 Both Male and Female Not Reported 4 - 16/sample Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Relationship between coyote group size and diet in southeastern Colorado

Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Pages
647-653
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition see citation figure of seasonal changes in diet based on scat analysis; mean % volume of food items % Not Reported Not Reported 3270 scats Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County (elev., 1310 - 1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range and habitat use of coyotes in southeastern Colorado

Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Pages
640-646
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 11.3 mean annual home range of resident coyotes km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 56 Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 5.8 SD
Home Range 106.5 mean annual home range of transient coyotes km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 16 Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 27.7 SD
Citation:

Metabolism and body temperature of two desert canids: Coyotes and kit foxes

Author(s)
Golightly, Richard T. and Robert D. Ohmart
Pages
624 - 635
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 10 kg Both Male and Female Not Reported 18 captured in Maricopa County, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets 0.04 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Home range, movements, and habitat use of coyotes in southcentral Georgia

Author(s)
Holzman, Stephen, Michael J. Conroy and John Pickering
Pages
139-146
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 10.1 overall home range estimated by minimum convex method (95% probability) km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 12 McRae and Irwin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 6.9 (95% CI)
Citation:

Winter foraging patterns and consumption rates of northern Wisconsin coyotes

Author(s)
Huegel, Craig N. and Orrin J. Rongstad
Pages
203-207
Year
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Food Ingestion Rate % body weight/d based on a deer and snowshoe hare diet %/d Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 animals/ 1-2 time periods Chequamegon National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range size of coyotes: A critical review

Author(s)
Laundre, John W. and Barry L. Keller
Pages
127-139
Year
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range review Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Summer and fall food habits of coyotes in southwestern North Dakota

Author(s)
Lewis, Thomas L., William F. Jensen, Kay A. Keehr and Robert W. Seabloom
Pages
287-292
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (80%; deer 45.4%, rabbits 23.7%); birds (2.0%); reptiles (0.7%); insects (10.5%); vegetation (46.7%) % of scats containing food item % Not Reported Not Reported 152 scats Billings County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote movements, habitat use, and food habits in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Litvaitis, John A. and James H. Shaw
Pages
62-68
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 68.7 minimum area home range km2 Female Adult 6 Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 89.1 SD
Home Range 31.3 minimum area home range km2 Male Adult 5 Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 42.5 SD
Home Range 39.9 minimum area home range km2 Female Juvenile 4 Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 27.6 SD
Dietary Composition rodents (53%); fruits and seeds (32%); deer (20%); insects (19%); avian (19%); lagomorphs (11%); armadillo (9%); cattle (6%); reptile (4%) overall % occurrence in scats % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 361 scats Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote foods in a southern California suburb

Author(s)
MacCracken, James G.
Pages
280-281
Year
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (28.9%; cottontail rabbit, 12.1%, Botta's pocket gopher, 6.8%); birds (15.9%); vegetation (21.7%); misc. (16.7%) % frequency of occurrence of items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 97 scats El Cajon, near San Diego Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote foods in southwestern Colorado

Author(s)
MacCracken, James G.
Pages
317-318
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Mammals: Sylvilagus sp. (50.6 - 73.1%); Lepus sp. (0 - 5.0%); Neotoma (0 - 5.5%); Microtus (0-11.1%); Cricetid mice (1.2-8.9%); Bos taurus (1.9 - 7.9%); Odocoileus hemionus (3.6 - 15.5%) range of % relative dry weight of major food items (>5%) measured at 3 sites, based on scat analysis % Not Reported Not Reported 42 - 48/ site Montezuma, La Plata and Saguache Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Longevity of the coyote

Author(s)
Manville, Richard H.
Pages
390
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Longevity 15 maximum lifespan yrs Male Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Diets of coyotes near the boundary of Saguaro National Monument and Tucson, Arizona

Author(s)
McClure, Mark F., Norman S. Smith and William W. Shaw
Pages
101-125
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mesquite pods (29%); prickly pear fruit (16%); other plants(24%); rodent (28%); lagomorph (22%); mule deer (3%); other mammals (3%); dog food or human-related (35%); misc. (14%) annual % occurrence of prey items identified in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 667 scats suburban area near Saguaro National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mesquite pods (39%); prickly pear fruit (21%); other plants(35%); rodent (27%); lagomorph (20%); mule deer (9%); other mammals (4%); dog food or human-related (trace); misc. (16%) annual % occurrence of prey items identified in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 449 scats rural area near Saguaro National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits and average weights of a fall-winter sample of eastern coyotes, Canis latrans

Author(s)
Moore, Gary C. and John S. Millar
Pages
105-106
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition snowshoe hare (31.7%); white-tailed deer (24.5%); plants (20.4%); small mammals (14.3%); non-edibles (13.2%); large birds (6.0%); porcupine (4.9%); Canis spp. (2.6%); carrion (1.9%); small birds (1.9%); apple (1.9%); human garbage (1.5%); moose (1.5%); feces (1.1); sheep (1.1%); cattle (0.8%) % frequency of occurrence of items identified from stomach contents % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 265 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 13.32 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Male Juvenile 89 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 16.64 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Male Adult 50 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 11.42 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Female Juvenile 80 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 15.24 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Female Adult 23 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Coyote food habits in southeastern Arizona

Author(s)
Ortega, Joseph C.
Pages
152-155
Year
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition leporids (68.5%); Sigmodon spp. (31.8%); aves (5.9%); grass (16.3%); Juniperus deppeana (7.2%); other vegetation (20.0%); other materials (9.6%) overall % occurrence of major food items (>5%) in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 759 scats Appleton-Whittel Research Ranch, Santa Cruz County (elev., 1500 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Energy requirements of eastern coyotes

Author(s)
Pekins, Peter J. and William W. Mautz
Pages
656-659
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 10.6 yearly mean basal metabolic rate; range of seasonal means L O2/kg/d Both Male and Female Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 163.5 field metabolic rate estimated as 3 times basal metabolic rate kcal/kg Both Male and Female Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Social distribution and population estimates of coyotes in north-central Montana

Author(s)
Pyrah, Duane
Pages
670-690
Year
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 7.8 mean den area; land area around a den or rendezvous used by group km2 Female Adult 3 Missouri River Breaks Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 9.7 mean den area; land area around a den or rendezvous used by group km2 Male Adult 12 Missouri River Breaks Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Body size and condition of coyotes in southern Texas

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A., Richard M. Engeman and Jeffrey F. Bromaghin
Pages
47 - 52
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean range of means for two adult age groups kg Male Adult 69 - 76 Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets >2.5 - >3.0 yrs
Body Weight - Mean range of means for two adult age groups; excluding those in latter half of gestation kg Female Adult 43-66 Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets >2.5 - >3.0 yrs
Citation:

Winter diets of coyotes in relation to prey abundance in southern Texas

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A. and Carl D. Mitchell
Pages
439-447
Year
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition lagomorphs (27 - 54%); woodrat (5-21%); cotton rat (0-40%); small rodents (4-12%); deer (4-19%); other prey (8 - 22%) range of percent distribution of prey items over 8 yrs % Not Reported Not Reported 2335 scats Webb County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival of coyotes in southern Texas

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A., H. Leroy Anderson and Richard M. Engeman
Pages
301-307
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.70 overall annual survival rate (autumn-autumn), estimated over 4 yr periods Both Male and Female Adult 88 Webb County Exposure Factor Datasets > 1.5 yr 0.58 - 0.82 (95% CL)
Citation:

Dispersal, daily activity, and home range of coyotes in southeastern Idaho

Author(s)
Woodruff, Roger A. and Barry L. Keller
Pages
199-207
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 29.3 estimated by modified minimum area method km2 Female Adult 4 Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Exposure Factor Datasets 2.4 SE
Citation:

Use of food items by sex and age classes of coyotes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L., Kenneth A. Spencer and Jerry H. Scrivner
Pages
42-47
Year
Volume
82
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Dietary Composition leporid (76.4%); rodent (18.0%); livestock (13.5%); bird (13.5%); insect (4.5%); other (14.6%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Adult 89 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] Exposure Factor Datasets > 1 yr Kern
Dietary Composition leporid (57.6%); rodent (27.1%); livestock (27.1%); bird (20.3%); insect (11.9%); other (25.4%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Juvenile 59 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] Exposure Factor Datasets 1 yr Kern
Dietary Composition leporid (62.7%); rodent (19.4%); livestock (17.9%); bird (14.9%); insect (41.8%); other (26.9%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Juvenile 59 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] Exposure Factor Datasets <1 yr Kern
Citation:

Summer food habits of coyotes in Idaho's River of No Return Wilderness Area

Author(s)
Elliott, Charles E. and Richard Guetig
Pages
63 - 65
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Columbian ground squirrel (56.85); mule deer (27.4%); deer mouse (15.6%); moose (13.7%); northern pocket gopher (11.7%); montane vole (11.7%); golden-mantled ground squirrel (5.8%); Audubon's cottontail (3.9%); horse (3.9%); unknown mammals (5.8%); reptiles (3.9%); arthropods (39.2%); birds (27.4%); plants (21.5%) % occurrence of major (>1.9%) food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 51 scats Big Creek Ranger District Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of the coyote in California

Author(s)
Ferrel, Carol M., Howard R. Leach and Daniel F. Tillotson
Pages
301-341
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition rodent (33.2%); deer (17.0%); other stock (14.8%); rabbit (13.2%); misc. (10.0%); sheep (4.6%); bird (3.8%); vegetation (3.4%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 407 coastal region Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition rodent (27.0%); deer (18.3%); other stock (9.4%); rabbit (22.2%); misc. (10.5%); sheep (6.7%); bird (5.0%); vegetation (0.9%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 611 northeast region Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition rodent (24.5%); deer (11.4%); other stock (12.1%); rabbit (22.9%); misc. (10.5%); sheep (9.7%); bird (3.4%); vegetation (5.5%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 813 inland Sierra region Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Evaluation of several indices for assessment of coyote (Canis latrans) body composition

Author(s)
Huot, Jean, Marie-Lazarine Poulle and Michel Crete
Pages
1620-1624
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Fat (total or %) 12.08 body fat content % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 22 Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 7.36 SD
Citation:

Densities of coyotes at the interface of Saguaro National Monument and Tucson, Arizona

Author(s)
McClure, Mark F., Norman S. Smith and William W. Shaw
Pages
83-86
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range over 6 counting periods #/km2 Both Male and Female Not Reported 28-40/period Saguaro National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Age distribution and weights of coyotes in northwestern Texas

Author(s)
Meinzer, Wyman P. and Fred S. Guthery
Pages
275-278
Year
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean 7.9 (0.5yr); 9.8 (1.5 yr); 11.0 (2.5 yr); 11.5(3.5 yr); 10.8 (4.5 yr); 11.6 (5.5 yr); 10.4 (6.5 yr); 10.9 (>7.5 yr) average body weights at various ages kg Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 - 121/age King and Knox counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 - >7.5 yr
Body Weight - Mean 8.2 (0.5yr); 10.4 (1.5 yr); 12.8 (2.5 yr); 13.2 (3.5 yr); 13.7 (4.5 yr); 12.5 (5.5 yr); 12.1 (6.5 yr); 12.6 (>7.5 yr) average body weights at various ages kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles 8 - 76/age King and Knox counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 - >7.5 yr
Citation:

Seasonal variation in body mass and composition of eastern coyotes

Author(s)
Poulle, Marie Lazarine, Michel Crete and Jean Huot
Pages
1625 - 1633
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Fat (total or %) 9.5 % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 36 Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.3
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