Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

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Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Effects of cadmium ingestion and food restriction on energy metabolism and tissue metal concentrations in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Di Giulio, R.T. and P.F. Scanlon
Pages
433-444
Year
Volume
37
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect % packed cell volume versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect adrenal wt, corticosterone concentrations versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect liver Cu concentration versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect plasma glucose, NEFA, urea, or uric acid versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect liver glycogen concentration versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect thyroid hormone concentrations versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect brain, liver, kidney, testes weights versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect BW versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect liver Zn concentration versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 10, 50 ug/g diet liver cadmium concentration versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 10, 50 ug/g diet kidney Cd concentration versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 10, 50 ug/g diet kidney Zn concentration versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 10, 50 ug/g diet kidney Cu concentration versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of aqueous and dietary exposure of dieldrin on survival, growth and bioconcentration in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Nebeker, Alan V., William L. Griffis, Thomas W. Stutzman, Gerald S. Schuytema, Lori A. Carey and Susan M. Scherer
Pages
687-699
Year
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN no effect body weight at end of experiment Not Reported Juvenile 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d at initiation Laboratory
DIELDRIN 29.5 ug/g diet (14 - 28 ug/g, 95% CI) 24-d LC50 Not Reported Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 - 25 d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 178 - 684 steady state bioconcentration factor for skin, calculated on a wet weight basis; range for 7 doses Not Reported Juvenile 8-16/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d at initiation Laboratory
DIELDRIN no effect no mortality observed Not Reported Juvenile 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d at initiation Laboratory
DIELDRIN 0.3 ug/g 24-d NOAEL based on growth impairment Not Reported Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 - 25 d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 16.4 ug/g diet 24-d LOAEL based on growth impairment Not Reported Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 - 25 d Laboratory
DIELDRIN see citation figures of tissue dieldrin concentrations at different exposure times and doses Not Reported Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 - 25 d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 49 - 163 steady state bioconcentration factor for liver, calculated on a wet weight basis; range for 7 doses Not Reported Juvenile 8-16/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d at initiation Laboratory
DIELDRIN 706 - 1,995 steady state bioconcentration factor for lipid, calculated on a wet weight basis; range for 7 doses Not Reported Juvenile 8-16/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d at initiation Laboratory
DIELDRIN 165 ug/g diet (100 - 224 ug/g, 95% CI) 96 hr LC50 Not Reported Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 - 25 d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 5.5 - 95 steady state bioconcentration factor for muscle, calculated on a wet weight basis; range for 7 doses Not Reported Juvenile 8-16/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d at initiation Laboratory
Citation:

Dieldrin and DDT effects on reproduction and some hepatic mixed-function oxidases in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Davison, K.L. and J.L. Sell
Pages
302-314
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIELDRIN no effect hepatic microsomal enzyme activity (aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase) Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) DDT <0.1, DDE 0.2 - 1.2 ug/g dry wt @ 0 ppm; DDT 0.3 - 4.2, DDE 1.0 - 12.7 @ 2 ppm; DDT 1.3 - 25.0, DDE 5.0 - 110.1 @ 20 ppm; DDT 25.5 - 254, DDE 58.0 - 1234 @ 200 ppm DDT and DDE concentrations in egg dry matter ranging from 0-14 d to 330 - 343 d sampling periods at 4 dietary doses Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DIELDRIN 0.3 ug/g dry wt. @ 0 ppm; 0.9 - 5.0 @ 1 ppm; 4.1 - 40.1 @ 5ppm; 6.1 - 78.5 @ 10 ppm dieldrin concentrations in egg dry matter ranging from 0-14 d to 330 - 343 d sampling periods at 4 dietary doses Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) no effect hepatic microsomal enzyme activity (aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase) Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) no effect fertility, hatchability and duckling weight Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) DDT <0.1, DDE 0.2 - 1.2 ug/g dry wt @ 0 ppm; DDT 0.6 - 2.4, DDE 1.2 - 10.1 @ 2 ppm; DDT 2.2 - 29.2, DDE 15.7 - 153.5 @ 20 ppm; DDT 14.9 - 102.0, DDE 45.0 - 187.0 @ 200 ppm DDT and DDE concentrations in egg dry matter ranging from 0-14 d to 330 - 343 d sampling periods at 4 dietary doses Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) no effect hepatic microsomal enzyme activity (aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase) Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DIELDRIN no effect fertility, hatchability and duckling weight Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) no effect fertility, hatchability and duckling weight Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of organic and inorganic selenium to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., D.J. Hoffman and L.G. Gold
Pages
561-568
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased food consumption versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased (liver decreased with selenite only) bw and liver wt versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 40, 80 ppm selenite or selenomethionine duckling mortality versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dicofol on mallard eggshell quality

Author(s)
Bennett, Jewel K., Stephen E. Dominguez and William L. Griffis
Pages
907-912
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 2 - 17% decrease @ 3-100 ug/g eggshell thickness, compared to controls Female Adult 5-10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DICOFOL no effect egg production during study period Female Adult 4-8/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) no effect mean daily food consumption rate (166.4 g food/kg body weight) Female Adult 5-10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DICOFOL 2-12% decrease @ 10-100 ug/g eggshell thickness, compared to controls Female Adult 4-8/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DICOFOL no effect body weight at end of study Female Adult 4-8/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 10.3 (0.9 SE) ug/g wet wt. @ 3 ug/g diet; 91.5 (1.5 SE) @ 30 ug/g diet; 332.0 (26.0 SE) @ 100 ug/g diet mean egg yolk concentrations after 37-42 d on DDE diet Female Adult 5-10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) no effect body weight at end of study Female Adult 5-10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DICOFOL increase @ 100 ug/g incidence of cracked and soft shelled eggs Female Adult 4-8/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DICOFOL 5.4 (0.3 SE) ug/g wet wt. @ 3 ug/g diet; 18.1 (1.2 SE) @ 10 ug/g diet; 37.1 (1.6 SE) @ 30 ug/g diet; 150.7 (9.9SE) @ 100 ug/g diet, mean egg yolk concentrations of p,p'-dicofol after 37-42 d on dicofol diet Female Adult 4-8/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DICOFOL no effect mean daily food consumption rate (169.8 g food/kg body weight) Female Adult 4-8/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) ST = 0.986 - 0.060C regression equation relating shell thickness (mm) to log10 yolk concentration (C, ug/g); r2=0.54 Female Adult 63 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) no effect egg production during study period Female Adult 5-10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DICOFOL ST = 1.020 - 0.056C regression equation relating shell thickness (mm) to log10 yolk concentration (C, ug/g); r2=0.39 Female Adult 100 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Lead poisoning in six captive avian species

Author(s)
Beyer, W.N., J.W. Spann, L. Sileo and J.C. Franson
Pages
121-130
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD ACETATE decreased % packed cell volume versus controls Male Adult 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD ACETATE decreased ALAD enzyme activity versus controls Male Adult 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD ACETATE decreased hemoglobin concentration versus controls Male Adult 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD ACETATE increased iron concentration in liver versus controls Male Adult 10 (controls); 30 (treated) Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD ACETATE increased protoporphyrin concentration versus controls Male Adult 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD ACETATE increased liver and kidney Pb concentrations versus controls Male Adult 30 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Acute effects of lead, steel, tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer shot administered to game-farm mallards

Author(s)
Kelly, M.E., S.D. Fitzgerald, R.J. Aulerich, R.J. Balander, D.C. Powell, R.L. Stickle, W. Stevens, C. Cray, R.J. Tempelman and S.J. Bursian
Pages
673-687
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS 4.3(0.7) ppm in femur, non-detect. in liver, 2.4(0.2) in kidneys mean(SE) dry wt tungsten concentrations in tissues of tungsten-polymer-dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mo Laboratory
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS 10.3(0.7) ppm in femur, 14.1(0.6) ppm in liver, 6.8(0.2) in kidneys mean(SE) dry wt tungsten concentrations in tissues of tungsten-iron-dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Fecundity and progeny growth following subacute insecticide ingestion by the mallard

Author(s)
Muller, H.D. and D.C. Lockman
Pages
239-241
Year
Volume
51
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARATHION no effect egg production and fertility, compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 5 trios (2F, 1M)/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PARATHION no effect progeny growth (average body weights) at hatch to 6 wks of age Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 trios (2F, 1M adults)/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PARATHION no effect % hatchability, compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 5 trios (2F, 1M)/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DIELDRIN no effect egg production, eggshell thickness and fertility, compared to control Both Male and Female Adult 5 trios (2F, 1M)/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DIELDRIN no effect progeny growth (average body weights) at hatch to 6 wks of age Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 trios (2F, 1M adults)/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PARATHION decrease eggshell thickness, compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 5 trios (2F, 1M)/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DIELDRIN decrease average % hatchability, compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 5 trios (2F, 1M)/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of ingested petroleum on the plasma prolactin levels during incubation and on the breeding success of paired mallard ducks

Author(s)
Cavanaugh, K.P., A.R. Goldsmith, W.N. Holmes and B.K. Follett
Pages
335-341
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decrease plasma prolactin levels during oviposition, early incubation and post-natal care Female Adult 5-12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
CRUDE OILS increase length of reproductive cycle; due to prolonged phase of gonadal maturation Female Adult 17 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
CRUDE OILS decrease % hatchability (53% @ 3ml/100g vs 71% in controls) Female Adult 17 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
CRUDE OILS no effect clutch size Female Adult 17 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Field results using cholinesterase reactivation techniques to diagnose acute anticholinesterase poisoning in birds and fish

Author(s)
Stansley, William
Pages
315-321
Year
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
BENDIOCARB decreased (73%) percent inhibition of post-mortem brain cholinesterase activity compared to control Not Reported Adult 4 ducks Toxicity Factor Datasets dead
DIAZINON decreased (84%) percent inhibition of post-mortem brain cholinesterase activity compared to control Not Reported Juvenile 5 ducks Toxicity Factor Datasets dead
Citation:

Toxicity of trimethyltin and triethyltin to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James, Elwood F. Hill and Jeffrey J. Momot
Pages
255-260
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
TRIETHYLTIN CHLORIDE decrease @ 50 ppm body weight, compared to control Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 3-4 d Laboratory
Citation:

Comparison of the effects of seleno-L-methionine, seleno-D,L-methionine, and selenized yeast on reproduction in mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H. and David J. Hoffman
Pages
169-175
Year
Volume
91
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced with seleno-L-methionine or seleno-D,L-methionine hatchability versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced with seleno-L-methionine duckling survival compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect egg fertility, egg weight, eggshell thickness, and mean interval between laying of eggs versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced with seleno-D,L-methionine, seleno-L-methionine, or selenized yeast number of 6-day-old ducklings produced per female versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect incidence of illness versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of lead, iron, and bismuth allow shot embedded in the breast muscles of game-farm mallards

Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C., William L. Anderson, George L. Foley, Stephen P. Havera, Loretta M. Skowron, Jeffrey W. Brawn, Gale D. Taylor and James W. Seets
Pages
688-697
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) no differences mean hematocrit values compared among lead, iron and bismuth dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) no differences mean survival times compared among lead, iron and bismuth dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) 130(10.1) ppm in kidneys, 0.19(0.06) ppm in liver mean(SE) wet wt concentration of bismuth in organs Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) no differences mean body weight and organ weights compared among lead, iron and bismuth dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of lindane on clutch size and level of egg yolk protein in domestic duck

Author(s)
Chakravarty, Sampa, Aditya Mandal and Pulak Lahiri
Pages
93-103
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LINDANE decrease @ 20 mg/kg 7x and 3x/wk egg production and vitellogenin concentration in plasma, liver and ovary Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LINDANE no effect body weight at end of study Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Experiments on toxicity of DDT to wildlife

Author(s)
Coburn, Don R. and Ray Treichler
Pages
208-216
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) increase @ 0.05 - 0.4% in diet Not Reported Not Reported 4/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of lindane on eggshell characteristics and calcium level in the domestic duck

Author(s)
Chakravarty, Sampa and Pulak Lahiri
Pages
245-258
Year
Volume
42
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LINDANE 18-21% decrease @ 20 mg/kg 7x or 3x/wk eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LINDANE decrease @ 20 mg/kg 7x or 3x/wk calcium concentration in plasma and shell gland mucosa and density and size of eggshell pores Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

DDE, PTH, and Eggshell Thinning in Mallard, Pheasant and Ring Dove

Author(s)
Haseltine, S., K. Uelbelhart, T. Peterle and S. Lustick
Pages
139-145
Year
Issue
2
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 20.4% decrease eggshell thickness versus controls Female Adult 6 hens; 45 total eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) no effect serum calcium after PTH injection versus controls Female Adult 6 hens; 45 total eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 17% decrease serum calcium versus controls Female Adult 6 hens; 45 total eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

PCB intake and the growth of waterfowl: multivariate analyses based on a reparameterized Richards sigmoid model

Author(s)
Brisbin, I. Lehr, Jr., Gary C. White and Parshall B. Bush
Pages
1-11
Year
Volume
50
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
AROCLOR 1254 significant effect PCB treatment altered the shape of the body weight growth curve but not the asymptotic weight Both Male and Female Juvenile 15/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1d at initiation Laboratory
Citation:

Aroclor 1242 and reproductive success of adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Haseltine, Susan D. and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
29-34
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1242 no effect @ 150 ppm weight and survival of offspring (exposed in ovo) fed control diet after hatching for 3 wks Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1242 no effect @ 150 ppm mortality during experiment Both Male and Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1242 105.0 (7.7 SE) mg Aroclor 1260/kg egg @ 150 ppm PCB concentration in eggs (PCB resembled Aroclor 1260 profile most closely) Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1242 8.9% decrease @ 150 ppm eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1242 no effect @ 150 ppm embryo mortality, # infertile eggs/clutch or # eggs hatched/clutch Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1242 decrease @ 150 ppm body weight at 6, 8 and 12 wks of treatment Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of DDT on eggshell quality and calcium adenosine triphosphatase

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J. and David E. Hinton
Pages
699-704
Year
Volume
3
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) no effect Ca - ATPase activity in eggshell glands versus controls Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Influence of laying on lead accumulation in bone of mallard ducks

Author(s)
Finley, M.T.; Dieter, M.P.
Pages
123-129
Year
Volume
4
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) one shot: 180.4 (18.1), female; 5.0 (0.6), male
two shot: 183.4 (21.2), female; 15.9 (4.1), male 		mean (SE) lead residues in femur Both Male and Female Adult 20 females, 10 males/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Plutonium, Am, Cm and Sr in ducks maintained on radioactive leaching ponds in southeastern Idaho

Author(s)
Markham, O. Doyle, Douglas K. Halford, Susan K. Rope and George B. Kuzo
Pages
517-524
Year
Volume
55
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
RADIONUCLIDES see citation table of mean concentrations of 6 radionuclides (238Pu, 239Pu, 241Am, 242Cm, 244Cm, 90Sr) in 6 mallard tissue types Not Reported Adult 7-15 leaching ponds, Test Reactor Area, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxicity and oxidative stress of different forms of organic selenium and dietary protein in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, D.J., G.H. Heinz, L.J. LeCaptain, J.D. Eisemann and G.W. Pendleton
Pages
120-127
Year
Volume
31
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE increase @ 15, 30 ppm plasma and liver GSH-peroxidase activity (for all Se forms), compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
Citation:

Some effects of vitamin E deficiency on hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase activity, lead, and a-tocopherol concentrations in tissues of lead-dosed mallard ducks

Author(s)
Sleet, R.B. and J.H. Soares, Jr.
Pages
71-78
Year
Volume
47
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD (elemental) 5.7 ppm (whole blood); 6.2 ppm (liver); 2.4 ppm (spleen) @ 300 mg/kg body weight lead concentrations in tissues, 96 hr after exposure to lead in ducklings receiving vitamin E Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
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