Frogs and toads (Anura)
Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Jan. - June | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | 85 pairs in amplexus | San Diego | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Clutches or Litters per year | estimated by number of times a female was found in amplexus with palpable eggs | clutches/yr | Female | Adult | Not Reported | San Diego | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 267.7 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 40 | San Diego | Exposure Factor Datasets | 128.7 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | July - Sept. | Not Reported | Juvenile | Not Reported | Moscow, Latah County (elev., 850m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Time of Hatching or Parturition | May | Not Reported | Hatchling | Not Reported | Moscow, Latah County (elev., 850m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Apr. - May | time of laying | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Moscow, Latah County (elev., 850m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | range of average increase in snout-vent length for 7 size classes (snout vent length; 28.0 - 35.9 mm) | mm/yr | Not Reported | Adult | 13 - 52 | Washington County | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Survival/ Mortality | 13.3 | % surviving their first year | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15 | Washington County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Age at Sexual Maturity | 8 | mo | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Washington County | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Survival/ Mortality | 11 | % surviving one year | % | Not Reported | Adult | 373 | Washington County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Growth Rate | 2 | increase in snout-vent length | mm/wk | Not Reported | Juvenile | 30 | Washington County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | range of mean oxygen consumption rates measured at 20C | mm3 O2/g/hr | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 7/location and sex | captured in San Diego, Julian and Willows, CA | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | 2.27 | g | Both Male and Female | Adult | 90 | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | spring - summer | breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Mendocino | ||
| Population Density | 16.25 | #/m2 | Both Male and Female | Tadpole | 27 quadrats | Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Mendocino | 7 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Feb. - June | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Santa Monica Mountains | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles |
Arroyo Toad (Anaxyrus californicus formerly Bufo microscaphus ssp. californicus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | June - July | Not Reported | Tadpole | Not Reported | Mojave River | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Bernardino |
Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 142.8 | g | Not Reported | Adult | 39 | York County, New Brunswick [lat., 45^o47'; long., 66^o37'] | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 77.4 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | July | laying | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Mendocino | |||
| Population Density | 18.2 | #/m2 | Both Male and Female | Tadpole | 17 quadrats | Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | "overwintered" tadpoles | Mendocino | 13.1 SD | |
| Population Density | 90.9 | #/m2 | Both Male and Female | Tadpole | 20 quadrats | Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | "overwintered" tadpoles | Mendocino | 97.7 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.42 | probability of survival (age x-1 to age x) | Male | Not Reported | Edwin S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2 or 3 yrs | |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.52 | probability of survival (age x-1 to age x) | Male | Adult | Not Reported | Edwin S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | 4 yrs |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.23 | probability of survival (age x-1 to age x) | Male | Adult | Not Reported | Edwin S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5 yrs |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | see citation | figures of oxygen consumption of submerged tadpoles measured at various oxygen tensions and pre-metamorphic stages | ul/g/hr | Not Reported | Tadpole | 10/group | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Decapoda: Astacidae (47.7%); Lepidoptera (19.0%); Coleoptera: Lampryidae (5.8%); Chrysomelidae (5.8%); Carabidae (4.1%); Curculionidae (0.3%); Chilopoda (7.7%); sand, gravel (1.2%); unidentified (1%) | % volume of stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 18 | Breathitt and Perry counties | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | frogs (12.1%); goldfish (30.3%); gastropods (12.4%); crayfish (9.3%); arachnida (4.4%); coleoptera adult (10.6%); hemiptera (8.2%); orthoptera (8.7%) | % of stomachs containing major (>4%) food items | % | Not Reported | Adult | 772 | goldfish pond, Richland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | frogs (13.0%); shiners (27.5%); gastropods (16.1%); crayfish (16.3%); arachnida (4.5%); coleoptera adult (10.5%); hemiptera (13.5%); orthoptera (5.8%); lepidoptera larvae (4.5%); odonata adult (4.2%) | % of stomachs containing major (>4%) food items | % | Not Reported | Adult | 553 | bait minnow pond, Richland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 175.9 | g | Both Male and Female | Adult | 30 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 8.16 SE | Laboratory | ||
| Inhalation Rate | see citation | figure of breathing frequency (breaths/min) at various seasons, temperatures and oxygen levels | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6/group | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |||
| Metabolic Rate | see citation | figure of oxygen consumption at various body temperatures within seasons | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6/group | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 0.1582 | resting oxygen consumption at 23C | ml O2/hr/tadpole | Not Reported | Tadpole | 19 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.009 SE | Laboratory |
Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora) formerly Rana aurora ssp. aurora
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | review | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | see citation | figure of mean mass of larvae with and without bullfrog presence | Not Reported | Hatchling | 100-150 | field enclosures at E.E. Wilson Wildlife Refuge, Benton County | Exposure Factor Datasets | Gosner stage 25 larvae |
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | see citation | figure of mean time to metamorphosis with and without bullfrog presence | Not Reported | Hatchling | 100-150 | field enclosures at E.E. Wilson Wildlife Refuge, Benton County | Exposure Factor Datasets | Gosner stage 25 larvae |
California Red-legged Frog (Rana draytonii formerly Rana aurora ssp. draytonii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Sexual Maturity | yrs | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | mo | Both Male and Female | Tadpole | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | July - Sept. | Both Male and Female | Tadpole | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas formerly Bufo boreas)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 64.6 | mean and range of body weights | g | Male | Adult | 17 | Garfield County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Body Weight - Mean | 92.9 | mean and range of body weight | g | Female | Adult | 18 | Garfield County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla), California Newt (Taricha torosa)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Hatching or Parturition | see citation | figure of mean duration from fertilization to hatching in field enclosures | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 8 replicates of 150 (frogs) or 16-12 (newts) embryos | Santa Monica Mountains | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles |
