Falco sparverius (American Kestrel)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Countries | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCB | Increased | Plasma T3 | M | Nestling | 46 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| PBDE TECHNICAL MIXTURE, DE-71 | Decreased | Incubation constancy | B | Adult | 62 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) | 4.8 ± 0.2 eggs | Clutch size | Embryo | 8 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) | 15.2 ± 0.1 g | Egg mass | Embryo | 8 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| METHYLMERCURY | 0.89 µg/g [0.56-1.52 (95% CI)] | Embryonic LD50 | Embryo | 98 | Patuxent Wildlife Research Center | Toxicity Factor Datasets | USA | Laboratory | ||
| MERCURY (elemental) | 1.03 ppm ± 0.11 | Chick feathers | Chick | 20 | Cape Fear River, Ferry Slip | Toxicity Factor Datasets | USA | Laboratory | ||
| MERCURY COMPOUNDS | See citation Figure 2 | Muscle concentration, total mercury | Not Reported | 5 | Southeast Gulf of California | Toxicity Factor Datasets | MEXICO | Laboratory | ||
| MIREX | 4.80 ng/g ww (1.92-18.6) | Egg concentration | 10 | Marsh Island | Toxicity Factor Datasets | USA | Laboratory | |||
| DIMETHOATE | 2.00 ng/g ww ± 1.6 | Egg concentration | Embryo | 8 | Colorado River Delta | Toxicity Factor Datasets | MEXICO | Laboratory | ||
| DDE (4,4'-) | 0.62 µg/g (0.10-3.01) | Egg concentration | Embryo | 7 | Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Imperial | USA | Laboratory | |
| CALCIUM | 347 µg/g ± 19 | Eggshell concentration | Embryo | 5 | Detroit | Toxicity Factor Datasets | USA | Laboratory | ||
| DDE (4,4'-) | 0.32 µg/g ww ± 0.15 | Liver concentration | NR | Hatchling | 4 | Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| NICKEL (elemental) | 0.54 µg/g dw | Liver concentration | NR | Hatchling | 4 | Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| COPPER (elemental) | Increased | Liver concentration | Adult | 26 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | USA | |||
| PCB | Increased | Sexual behaviors | M | Adult | 50 pairs | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| BUTORPHANOL TARTRATE | Increased from baseline | Thermal threshold of foot | F | Adult | 15 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | USA | Laboratory | |
| PBDE MIXTURE | Decreased | Egg volume | B | Embryo | 21 | McGill University | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE (HBCDD) | Decreased | Active behaviors | B | Adult | 30 | McGill University | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| 1,2-DIBROMO-4-(1,2-DIBROMOETHYL)CYCLOHEXANE (DBE-DBCH - FORMERLY TBECH) | Increased | Estradiols egg concentration | Embryo | 46 | McGill University | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| PBDE TECHNICAL MIXTURE, DE-71 | No effect | Hepatic EROD activity | Embryo | 120 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | Laboratory | |||
| DIPHACINONE | See citation Table 1 | Necroscopic/histological observations | B | Adult | 23 | Patuxent Wildlife Research Center |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | Laboratory | |
| PCB | No effect | Total WBC count | F | Adult | 152 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| PCB | Decreased | Plasma T4 | M | Nestling | 46 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) | See citation | Body mass | B | Adult | 64 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) | 80 ± 5 % | % fertile eggs in clutch | Embryo | 8 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) | 14,370 ± 20 mm3 | Egg volume | Embryo | 42 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| METHYLMERCURY | 0.12 µg/g [0.08-0.19 (95% CI)] | Embryonic LD50 | Embryo | 81 | Patuxent Wildlife Research Center | Toxicity Factor Datasets | USA | Laboratory | ||
| MERCURY (elemental) | 0.86 ppm ± 0.18 | Chick feathers | Chick | 25 | Cape Fear River, South Pelican | Toxicity Factor Datasets | USA | Laboratory | ||
| MERCURY COMPOUNDS | See citation Figure 2 | Muscle concentration, organic mercury | Not Reported | 5 | Southeast Gulf of California | Toxicity Factor Datasets | MEXICO | Laboratory | ||
| CHLORDANE | 13.6 ng/g ww (6.20-25.1) | Egg concentration | 33 | Marsh Island | Toxicity Factor Datasets | MEXICO | Laboratory | |||
| MALATHION | 3.96 ng/g ww ± 3.9 | Egg concentration | Embryo | 8 | Colorado River Delta | Toxicity Factor Datasets | MEXICO | Laboratory | ||
| MERCURY (elemental) | 0.56 µg/g [0.20-1.56 (95% CI)] | Blood concentration | NR | Not Reported | 67 | San Francisco Bay marshes | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Alameda | USA | Laboratory |
| MERCURY (elemental) | 1.8 ppm ± 1.2 | Hatchling concentration | Hatchling | 15 | Blythe Island | Toxicity Factor Datasets | USA | Laboratory | ||
| DIELDRIN | 0.039 µg/g ww ± 0.035 | Liver concentration | NR | Hatchling | 4 | Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| SELENIUM (elemental) | 6.95 µg/g dw | Liver concentration | NR | Hatchling | 4 | Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| COPPER (elemental) | No effect | Blood concentration | Adult | 26 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | USA | Laboratory | ||
| PCB | No effect | Flight | F | Adult | 50 pairs | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| BUTORPHANOL TARTRATE | Decreased from baseline | Thermal threshold of foot | M | 15 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | USA | Laboratory | ||
| PBDE MIXTURE | Decreased | % fertility | B | Embryo | 21 | McGill University | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE (HBCDD) | Decreased | Courtship calls | B | Adult | 30 | McGill University | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| 1,2-DIBROMO-4-(1,2-DIBROMOETHYL)CYCLOHEXANE (DBE-DBCH - FORMERLY TBECH) | No effect | Testosterone egg concentration | Embryo | 46 | McGill University | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| PBDE TECHNICAL MIXTURE, DE-71 | No effect | T4/mg thyroid | Embryo | 120 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | Laboratory | |||
| DIPHACINONE | No effect | Body weight change | B | Adult | 23 | Patuxent Wildlife Research Center |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | Laboratory | |
| PCB | Increased | Lynphocytes | M | Adult | 152 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| PCB | Decreased | Plasma T3 | F | Nestling | 46 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) | 33 ± 3 ng/g | Egg concentration | NR | Embryo | 14 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) | 0.45 | % eggs laid that resulted in banded juvenile kestrels | Embryo | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory | ||
| HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) | 0.189 ± 0.001 mm | Egg shell thickness | Embryo | 14 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| METHYLMERCURY | 0.33 µg/g [0.15-0.73 (95% CI)] | Embryonic LD50 | Embryo | 88 | Patuxent Wildlife Research Center | Toxicity Factor Datasets | USA | Laboratory | ||
| PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE | 3.5 ng/g ww (1.3-11.4) | Brain concentration | Not Reported | 5 | Cartagena Bay | Toxicity Factor Datasets | COLUMBIA | Laboratory | ||
| CHLORDANE | 43.2 ng/g ww (22.8-148) | Egg concentration | 18 | Crab Bank | Toxicity Factor Datasets | USA | Laboratory | |||
| DDT (4,4'-) | 486 ng/g ww (223-1210) | Egg concentration | 33 | Marsh Island | Toxicity Factor Datasets | MEXICO | Laboratory | |||
| DDE (4,4'-) | 7.52 µg/g (1.50-33.00) | Egg concentration | Embryo | 9 | Lemoore | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Fresno | USA | Laboratory | |
| MERCURY (elemental) | 0.9.87 µg/g [4.23-23.0 (95% CI)] | Head feather concentration | NR | Not Reported | 133 | San Francisco Bay marshes | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Alameda | USA | Laboratory |
| MERCURY (elemental) | 4.6 ppm ± 1.6 | Hatchling concentration | Hatchling | 16 | LCP Superfund site, Brunswick | Toxicity Factor Datasets | USA | Laboratory | ||
| HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | 0.006 µg/g ww ± 0.002 | Liver concentration | NR | Hatchling | 4 | Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| ZINC (elemental) | 109 µg/g dw | Liver concentration | NR | Hatchling | 4 | Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| COPPER (elemental) | Increased | Metallotionein | M | Adult | 26 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | USA | Laboratory | |
| PCB | No effect | Copulation frequency | B | Adult | 50 pairs | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| BUTORPHANOL TARTRATE | See citation | Agitation-sedation score | M | Adult | 15 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | USA | Laboratory | |
| PBDE MIXTURE | Decreased | Chitter call | M | Adult | 21 | McGill University | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE (HBCDD) | Decreased | Nest temperature | B | Adult | 30 | McGill University | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| 1,2-DIBROMO-4-(1,2-DIBROMOETHYL)CYCLOHEXANE (DBE-DBCH - FORMERLY TBECH) | No effect | Corticosteroids egg concentration | Embryo | 46 | McGill University | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) | Decreased | Survival to day 24 | Embryo | 60 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | Laboratory | |||
| DIPHACINONE | No effect | Liver:body weight | B | Adult | 23 | Patuxent Wildlife Research Center |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | Laboratory | |
| PCB | No effect | Lynphocytes | F | Adult | 152 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| PCB | Decreased | Plasma T4 | F | Nestling | 46 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) | 7.4 ± 0.7 ng/g | Carcass concentration | NR | Adult | 8 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) | 11.6 ± 0.4 d | Laying lag of first egg | Embryo | 7 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) | 5.38 ± 0.06 eggs | Clutch size | Embryo | 8 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| METHYLMERCURY | 0.15 µg/g [0.05-0.31 (95% CI)] | Embryonic LD50 | Embryo | 63 | Patuxent Wildlife Research Center | Toxicity Factor Datasets | USA | Laboratory | ||
| PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE | 2.1 ng/g ww (1.7-6.9) | Heart concentration | Not Reported | 5 | Cartagena Bay | Toxicity Factor Datasets | COLUMBIA | Laboratory | ||
| DDT (4,4'-) | 132 ng/g ww (53.8-466) | Egg concentration | 18 | Crab Bank | Toxicity Factor Datasets | USA | Laboratory | |||
| HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE | 13.6 ng/g ww (6.46-36.7) | Egg concentration | 33 | Marsh Island | Toxicity Factor Datasets | MEXICO | Laboratory | |||
| SELENIUM COMPOUNDS | 0.404 µg/g (0.335-0.840) | Egg concentration | Embryo | 9 | Lemoore | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Fresno | USA | Laboratory | |
| MERCURY (elemental) | 9.04 µg/g [4.25-19.2 (95% CI)] | Breast feather concentration | NR | Not Reported | 26 | San Francisco Bay marshes | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Alameda | USA | Laboratory |
| AROCLOR 1268 | 28 ppm ± 19 | Hatchling concentration | Hatchling | 15 | Blythe Island | Toxicity Factor Datasets | USA | Laboratory | ||
| HEXACHLOROBENZENE | 0.006 µg/g ww ± 0.001 | Liver concentration | NR | Hatchling | 4 | Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| DDE (4,4'-) | 0.45 µg/g ww ± 0.56 | Liver concentration | NR | Hatchling | 4 | Snake and Pigeon Islands, Eastern Lake Ontario | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| COPPER (elemental) | No effect | Metallotionein | F | Adult | 26 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | USA | Laboratory | |
| PCB | No effect | Sex hormones | M | Adult | 50 pairs | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| BUTORPHANOL TARTRATE | No effect | Agitation-sedation score | F | Adult | 15 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | USA | Laboratory | |
| PBDE MIXTURE | Decreased | Whine call | F | Adult | 21 | McGill University | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE (HBCDD) | Decreased | Nest box inspection | M | Adult | 30 | McGill University | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| 1,2-DIBROMO-4-(1,2-DIBROMOETHYL)CYCLOHEXANE (DBE-DBCH - FORMERLY TBECH) | No effect | T3 egg concentration | Embryo | 46 | McGill University | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) | Decreased | Pipped egg | Embryo | 60 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | Laboratory | |||
| DIPHACINONE | Increased | Prothrombin time | B | Adult | 23 | Patuxent Wildlife Research Center |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | Laboratory | |
| PCB | Increased | Heterophils | M | Adult | 152 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| PBDE TECHNICAL MIXTURE, DE-71 | Increased | ƩPBDE | F | Adult | 62 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) | 17 ± 1 ng/g | Egg concentration | NR | Embryo | 8 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory |
| HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) | 9.0 ± 0.1 d | Time to complete clutch | Embryo | 7 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) | 60 ± 5 % | % fertile eggs in clutch | Embryo | 8 | Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lab | CANADA | Laboratory | |
| PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE | 254, 533, 118 ng/g | Liver concentration | Not Reported | 3 | Various USA locations | Toxicity Factor Datasets | USA | Laboratory | ||
| PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE | 7.5 ng/g ww (2.9-11.3) | Lung concentration | Not Reported | 5 | Cartagena Bay | Toxicity Factor Datasets | COLUMBIA | Laboratory | ||
| HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE | 1.05 ng/g ww (0.542-3.42) | Egg concentration | 18 | Crab Bank | Toxicity Factor Datasets | USA | Laboratory | |||
| PBDE MIXTURE | 61.5 ng/g ww (11.7-262) | Egg concentration | 33 | Marsh Island | Toxicity Factor Datasets | MEXICO | Laboratory | |||
| DDE (4,4'-) | 0.62 µg/g (0.20-3.40) | Egg concentration | Embryo | 7 | Salton Sea | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Imperial | USA | Laboratory | |
| MERCURY (elemental) | 0.57 µg/g [0.15-2.70 (95% CI)] | Egg concentration | NR | Embryo | 13 | San Francisco Bay marshes | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Alameda | USA | Laboratory |
| AROCLOR 1268 | 222 ppm ± 213 | Hatchling concentration | Hatchling | 16 | LCP Superfund site, Brunswick | Toxicity Factor Datasets | USA | Laboratory | ||
| OXYCHLORDANE | 0.0039 µg/g ww ± 0.0009 | Liver concentration | NR | Hatchling | 4 | Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA | Laboratory |
