Birds

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Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Food of the woodpeckers of the United States

Author(s)
Beal, F.E.L.
Pages
7-64
Publisher
Government Printing Office
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition predacious ground beetles (3.89%), other beetles (2.66%), ants (53.82%), Hemiptera (1.84%), caterpillars (2.12%), Orthoptera (1.45%), other insects and spiders (1.96%), grain (2.26%), seeds (19.59%), fruit (10.28%) percent composition of stomach contents Not Reported Not Reported 183 birds Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

The influence of starlings on flicker reproduction when both naturally excavated cavities and artificial nest boxes are available

Author(s)
Ingold, Danny J.
Pages
218-225
Year
Issue
2
Volume
110
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.78 mean fledging rate fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Juvenile 40 pairs near New Concord Exposure Factor Datasets 2.99 SD
Citation:

A study of radio-equipped flickers

Author(s)
Royall, W.C., Jr., and O.E. Bray
Pages
47-50
Year
Issue
2
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Foraging Distance range of distances between night roost location and the following day's locations km Not Reported Adult 4 birds, 20-99 radio fixes per bird Lakewood, Jefferson County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Author(s)
Moore, William S.
Pages
1-28
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Migration or Dispersal review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

Livestock management and productivity of willow flycatchers in the central Sierra Nevada

Author(s)
Valentine, Bradley E., Thomas A. Roberts, Stephen P. Boland and A. Peter Woodman
Pages
105-114
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success range of hatching success eggs/nest Not Reported Hatchling 6 nests Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Citation:

Ecology of a Sierra Nevada population of willow flycatchers

Author(s)
Flett, Mary Anne and Susan D. Sanders
Pages
37-42
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 29% total egg-to-fledgling success rate Not Reported Fledgling 5 nests Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra
Hatching Success 24/31 total number of eggs hatched relative to estimate of total eggs laid eggs hatched/eggs laid Not Reported Nestling 11 nests Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra
Citation:

The energetic consequences of incubation for two passerine species

Author(s)
Walsberg, Glenn E. and James R. King
Pages
644-655
Year
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.325 predicted daytime basal metabolic rate W Not Reported Adult Not Reported collection location George E. Hudson Biological Reserve, Whitman County Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 0.241 predicted night time basal metabolic rate W Not Reported Adult Not Reported collection location George E. Hudson Biological Reserve, Whitman County Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

A preliminary report on the biology of the willow flycatcher in the central Sierra Nevada

Author(s)
Stafford, Michael D. and Bradley E. Valentine
Pages
66-77
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Nesting May-August inclusive of pairing through departure from nesting territory Both Male and Female Adult 15 birds Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)

Citation:

Behavior of the bush-tit in the breeding season

Author(s)
Addicott, Alice B.
Pages
49-63
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 13 incubation period from start to hatching d Not Reported Embryo 1 clutch Stanford University Campus Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Body Weight - Mean range of individual body weights g Not Reported Hatchling 2 birds Stanford University Campus Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Reproductive success and nesting habitat of loggerhead shrikes in north-central South Carolina

Author(s)
Gawlik, Dale E. and Keith L. Bildstein
Pages
37-48
Year
Issue
1
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.3 mean clutch size, 2 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 20 nests York County Exposure Factor Datasets 0.6 SD
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 49 nests York County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nest ecology, productivity, and growth of the loggerhead shrike on the shortgrass prairie

Author(s)
Porter, David K., Mark A. Strong, J. Brent Giezentanner and Ronald A. Ryder
Pages
429-436
Year
Issue
4
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 5.40 average number of fledglings produced per nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 65 successful nests Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 5.69 average number of eggs hatched per successful nest eggs/nest Not Reported Hatchling 65 successful nests Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dynamics of a loggerhead shrike population in Minnesota

Author(s)
Brooks, Bonnie L. and Stanley A. Temple
Pages
441-450
Year
Issue
3
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.65 average clutch size, 2 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 46 clutches southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets 1.17 SD
Hatching Success 4.18 average number of eggs hatched per nest hatchlings/nest Not Reported Hatchling 51 nests southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets 2.33 SD
Citation:

Effect of vegetation height on hunting behavior and diet of loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
127-131
Year
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Territory Size 8.35 mean territory size in pasture habitat ha Both Male and Female Adult 6 territories Archbold Biological Station near Lake Placid Exposure Factor Datasets 0.66 SD
Dietary Composition Odonata (12.1), Hemiptera (23.0), Coleoptera (22.3), Lepidoptera (7.3), Orthoptera (16.8), Hyla cinerea (7.6), H. squirella (1.7), Gastrophyne carolensis (0.9), Rana spenocephala (0.4), Anolis carolinensis (2.8), Scincella lateralis (4.1), Eumeces inexpectatus (1.0) percent of total prey items caught by observed pairs % Both Male and Female Adult 6 territories Archbold Biological Station near Lake Placid Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Population Density review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Observations on the nesting sucess of Bell's vireos in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Clark, Clarence F.
Pages
117-120
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 84 percent of eggs hatched of total number laid % Not Reported Hatchling 24 nests, 70 eggs upper Santa Cruz River Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 59.9 percent of eggs producing fledglings of total eggs laid % Not Reported Hatchling 24 nests, 70 eggs upper Santa Cruz River Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
1-17
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Migration or Dispersal review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Population structure in salt marsh song sparrows Part II: Density, Age Structure, and Maintanance

Author(s)
Johnston, Richard F.
Pages
254-272
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality 80-85 1 year or younger % Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Effects of supplemental food on growth and adult size in the song sparrow

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M. and Peter Arcese
Pages
1416-1423
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 1.64 no supplemental food young/nest Not Reported Chick 44 nests Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets 6 d CANADA 0.13
Survival/ Mortality 3.87 young raised to independence Not Reported Fledgling 34 nests Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.68 SE
Citation:

Determinants and consequences of nestling condition in song sparrows

Author(s)
Hochachka, Wesley, and James N. M. Smith
Pages
995-1008
Year
Issue
3
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutches or Litters per year 2-3 broods/year Not Reported Adult Not Reported Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Variation in breeding season and clutch size in song sparrows of the pacific coast

Author(s)
Richard F. Johnston
Pages
268-273
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size oological collections eggs/nest Both Male and Female Adult 545 records from Baja California to Alaska Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of population density and supplemental food on reproduction in song sparrows

Author(s)
Arcese, Peter and James N. M. Smith
Pages
119-136
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 17 d Both Male and Female Fledgling 16 pairs with suppl. food Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Suisun Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. maxillaris), San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. samuelis)

Citation:

San Francisco Bay Region Salt Marsh Song Sparrow Survey, 1974

Author(s)
Walton, Brian James
Pages
19
Publisher
California Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density see table 1 Both Male and Female Adult 64 sites San Francisco Bay region Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa breeding
Population Density see table 1 Both Male and Female Adult 64 sites San Francisco Bay region Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa breeding

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 2 usual number of nesting attempts per year nests/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 5 usual number of eggs laid eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

Estimation and testing of parametersin Richard's growth model for western grebes

Author(s)
White, Gary C. and John T. Ratti
Pages
315-323
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean estimates of asymptotic weights g Both Male and Female Juvenile 4 birds Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge (collection site) Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Western grebe, Aechmophorus occidentalis, wintering biology and contaminant accumulation in Commencement Bay, Puget Sound, Washington

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus and Robert A. Grove
Pages
460-472
Year
Issue
3
Volume
104
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean range of mean body weights g Male Both Adults and Juveniles 18 birds Commencement Bay Exposure Factor Datasets

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Weight growth of young double-crested cormorants in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec

Author(s)
Desgranges, Jean-Luc
Pages
79-86
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.2 mean clutch size among successful nests eggs Female Adult 32 nests St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.2 SE
Hatching Success 2.8 proportion of eggs hatched per nest among successful nests eggs/nest Both Male and Female Hatchling 32 nests St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.2 SE

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Brood size and chick position as factors influencing feeding frequency, growth, and survival of nestling double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus

Author(s)
Leger, Claire and Raymond McNeil
Pages
351-361
Year
Issue
3
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 34.7 g Not Reported Hatchling 33 chicks Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 2.96 SD
Body Weight - Mean 1900.5 mean asymptotic weight of fledglings g Not Reported Fledgling 33 chicks Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 189.8 SD
Citation:

Foods of nestling double-crested cormorants in Penobscot Bay, Maine, USA: Temporal and spatial comparisons

Author(s)
Blackwell, Bradley F., William B. Krohn and R. Bradford Allen
Pages
199-208
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition sculpin, rock gunnel, blueback herring, alewife, wrymouth, sand shrimp, cunner, American eel, rock crab, N. Caridean shrimp, sand shrimp, white perch, yellow perch, rainbow smelt, N. lobster, Atlantic tomcod primary dietary items from nestling regurgitant samples Not Reported Nestling 673 samples Penobscot Bay Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding biology of the double-crested cormorant on Utah Lake

Author(s)
Mitchell, Ronald M.
Pages
1-23
Year
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 average incubation d Not Reported Hatchling 16 eggs Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Body composition of female mallards in winter in relation to annual cycle events

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
669-680
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 1,083 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 9 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumage, early migrants, unpaired 37 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 110 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 26 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets middle prebasic molt 11 SE
Body Weight - Mean 1,085 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 29 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumage, paired 18 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 188 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 23 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets late prebasic molt 13 SE
Citation:

Habitat use and home range of mallards breeding in Minnesota

Author(s)
Gilmer, David S., I.J. Ball, Lewis M. Cowardin, John H. Riechmann and John R. Tester
Pages
781-789
Year
Issue
4
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Home Range 135 Study area was 67% upland forest, 33% lakes and wetlands. ha Female Adult 8 western edge of Chippewa National Forest, Beltrami County Exposure Factor Datasets during the pre-nest interval
Home Range 70 Study area was 67% upland forest, 33% lakes and wetlands. ha Female Adult 8 western edge of Chippewa National Forest, Beltrami Co. Exposure Factor Datasets during the laying period
Citation:

Homing and reproductive habits of mallards, gadwalls, and blue-winged teal

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Harold F. Duebbert and David E. Sharp
Pages
1-28
Year
Volume
106
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 4.72 breeding pairs/km2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Woodworth study area Exposure Factor Datasets during breeding season
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.51 fully feathered young/hen Not Reported Juvenile 74 hens prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 47 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Male Juvenile not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year 1 Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 46 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Female Juvenile not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival of radio-marked mallard ducklings in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M., Robert L. Jarvis and David S. Gilmer
Pages
82-87
Year
Issue
1
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Survival/ Mortality 0.366 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method Not Reported Chick 41 Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 10 days
Survival/ Mortality 0.366 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method Not Reported Chick 41 Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 50 days
Citation:

Spring-summer survival rates of yearling versus adult mallard females

Author(s)
Reynolds, Ronald E., Robert J. Blohm, James D. Nichols and James E. Hines
Pages
691-696
Year
Issue
4
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.574 spring-summer survival (proportion) Female Adult 11,139 Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.053 SE
Survival/ Mortality 0.728 spring-summer survival (proportion) Female Yearling 1,246 Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.079 (SE)
Citation:

A nesting study of ducks and coots on Tule Lake and Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuges

Author(s)
Miller, A.W. and B.D. Collins
Pages
17-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 8.9 mean clutch size of successful nests eggs Female Adult 178 Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Exposure Factor Datasets Modoc, Siskiyou
Hatching Success 91.4% Mean hatch success of successful nests Female Adult 178 Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Exposure Factor Datasets Modoc, Siskiyou
Citation:

Survival and nest success of sympatric female mallards, Anas platyrynchos, and American black ducks, Anas rubripes, breeding in a forested environment

Author(s)
Dwyer, Chris P. and Guy A. Baldassare
Pages
213-216
Year
Issue
2
Volume
107
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 88% survival of tagged females over the breeding period Female Adult 22 Adirondack Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Temporal and geographic estimates of survival and recovery rates for the mallard, 1950 through 1985.

Author(s)
Chu, D.S. and J.B. Hestbeck
Pages
57
Publisher
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 20
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.5390 survival estimates for birds banded 1966-1985 Male Juvenile 11,372 Northern California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0228 (SE)
Survival/ Mortality 0.3948 survival estimates for birds banded 1972-1981 Male Juvenile 1,396 Central California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0458 (SE)
Citation:

Production of mallards on irrigated land in the Sacramento Valley

Author(s)
Earl, John P.
Pages
23
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Clutch or Litter Size 8.37 mean clutch size eggs Female Adult 40 nests Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding
Population Density 0.72 ducks/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo non-breeding
Citation:

The mallard: Its management in western Montana

Author(s)
Girard, G. L.
Pages
233-259
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported lower Flathead Valley Exposure Factor Datasets

Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of a kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrius) population in an inland saline lake

Author(s)
Fraga, Rosendo M., and Juan A. Amat
Pages
69-85
Year
Issue
1
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Growth Rate 0.105 growth rate g/day per g body mass Both Male and Female Juvenile 42 Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Status and reproduction of the peregrine falcon at a coastal lagoon in Baja California Sur, Mexico

Author(s)
Castellanos, Aradit, Federico Salinas-Zavala and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio
Pages
110-112
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb. - Mar. time of laying Female Adult 3 breeding pairs Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Time of Hatching or Parturition Mar. - Apr. Both Male and Female Hatchling 3 breeding pairs Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Distribution and breeding biology of raptors in the Thelon River area, Northwest Territories, 1957-1969

Author(s)
Kuyt, E.
Pages
121-130
Year
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying May - June time of laying Female Adult 19 Thelon River, Northwest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Population dispersal, turnover, and migration of Alaska peregrines

Author(s)
Ambrose, Robert E., and Kenton E. Riddle
Pages
677-684
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality range of annual mortality rates over 3 years, corrected for known movements % Female Adult 7-11 recaptured birds/yr Colville, Sagavanirktok, Yukon, and Tanana Rivers Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 2.8 (female); 2.6 (male) mean age when first captured as a breeding adult yr Both Male and Female Adult 20 females; 5 males Colville, Sagavanirktok, Yukon, and Tanana Rivers Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

American Peregrine Falcon

Author(s)
Aldrich, John A.
Pages
1-14
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Age at Sexual Maturity review Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Do large natural brood increase mortality of parent peregrine falcons?

Author(s)
Nelson, R. Wayne
Pages
719-728
Publisher
Peregrine Fund
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 43 percent of adults lost before next breeding season; adults produced brood sizes of 3-4 % Both Male and Female Adult 44 Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (lat., 54^oN; long., 113^oW) Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Home range and habitat requirements of peregrine falcons on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa

Author(s)
Jenkins, Andrew R., and Grant A. Benn
Pages
90-97
Year
Issue
2
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Home Range 89.7-94.7 range of home range sizes square km Female Adult 2 Cape Peninsula Exposure Factor Datasets SOUTH AFRICA

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Growth Rate y = 7.77 + 7.44x growth rate from day 3-16 Female Nestling Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Citation:

Prey selection and caloric ingestion rate of captive American kestrels

Author(s)
Barrett, Gary W. and Mackey, Carl V.
Pages
514-519
Year
Issue
4
Volume
87
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 0.42 mean caloric consumption per g body weight per day (wet weight basis) kcal/g/day Male Adult 2 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Factors influencing respiratory rates in four species of raptors

Author(s)
Daniels, Kathleen and G.E. Duke
Pages
703-706
Year
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Inhalation Rate 35.4 mean resting respiratory rate #/min Not Reported Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets crippled, non-releasable 3.21 SD Laboratory
Citation:

An analysis of the population dynamics of selected avian species with special reference to changes during the modern pesticide era

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J.
Pages
23-28
Publisher
United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report No. 1
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.602 mortality rate estimate for banded individuals Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 118 throughout USA and Canada Exposure Factor Datasets 0.035 SD
Citation:

Influence of nest-box placement and density on abundance and productivity of American kestrels in central Missouri

Author(s)
Toland, Brian R. and William H. Elder
Pages
712-717
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 0.06 mean pair density in study area (194 km2) pairs per km2 Both Male and Female Adult 5 years rural and urban lands Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding
Citation:

Growth of body components in parent- and hand-reared captive kestrels

Author(s)
Bird, David M. and Robert G. Clark
Pages
77-84
Year
Issue
3
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 120.2 average body weight g Female Adult 26 birds Exposure Factor Datasets 5.3 SE Laboratory
Citation:

American kestrel reproduction and dispersal in central Wisconsin

Author(s)
Jacobs, Eugene A.
Pages
135-137
Year
Issue
2
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 4.1 mean brood size (13 sample years) young/nest Not Reported Juvenile 37 successful nests Portage County (44deg27'N, 89deg40'W) Exposure Factor Datasets

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 93+ age of puberty attainment d Female Yearling 91 birds east-central area Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mourning dove body weights in southeastern New Mexico during and after a dry spring and early summer

Author(s)
Griffing, James P., Paul E. Sawyer and Charles A. Davis
Pages
545-547
Year
Issue
4
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 99.3 mean body weight g Female Adult 6 birds southeastern area Exposure Factor Datasets 155.1 SD
Citation:

Life history and productivity of a population of western mourning doves in California

Author(s)
Cowan, John B.
Pages
505-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal September period of departure for fall migration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Citation:

Migration and mortality of banded mourning doves

Author(s)
Thomforde, Lawrence L.
Pages
72-76
Year
Issue
2/3
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 58.5% weighted mean annual mortality of banded doves Both Male and Female Juvenile 1,179 birds near Savage Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Author(s)
Mirarchi, Ralph E. and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
1-32
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Citation:

Mourning dove production in southwestern Iowa

Author(s)
McClure, Elliot H.
Pages
64-75
Year
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 250-330 density of breeding pairs pairs/220 acres Both Male and Female Adult 220 acres Lewis, Cass County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth rate of nestling doves

Author(s)
Cheney, Susan and Philip W. Cheney
Pages
14-16
Year
Issue
1
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean 7.7 average body weight g Not Reported Hatchling 15 nests near Orondo, Douglas County Exposure Factor Datasets 0 days (hatch)

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Food habits of the burrowing owl in central Oregon

Author(s)
Maser, Chris, E. Wayne Hammer and Stanley H. Anderson
Pages
19-26
Year
Issue
1
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (85), insects (170), birds (3), spiders (0), reptiles (1) number of prey items found in sample pellets Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 60 pellets Crooked River National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 168.0 g Female Not Reported 10 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparison of selected aspects of burrowing owl ecology at two sites in Santa Clara county, California

Author(s)
Trulio, L.A.
Pages
63-64
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 mean number of chicks per nest chicks/nest Both Male and Female Adult 11 pairs Moffett Air Force Base Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Citation:

Size dimorphism and food habits of North American owls

Author(s)
Earhart, Caroline M., and Ned K. Johnson
Pages
251-264
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 158.6 body weight g Male Adult 13 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Food consumption and energy, water, and nitrogen budgets in captive great-horned owls (Bubo virginianus)

Author(s)
Duke, G.E., J.G. Ciganek and O.A. Evanson
Pages
283-292
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 26.58 daily food intake on a mouse diet, dry weight basis g/kg/d Not Reported Adult 4 owls x 5 days = 20 owl days Exposure Factor Datasets 4.08 Laboratory
Citation:

Growth analysis of a female great horned owl in central Ohio

Author(s)
Springer, Mark A.
Pages
218-221
Year
Issue
6
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Growth Rate 0.1900 growth constant based on logistic growth equation Female Nestling 1 owl Delaware County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1 bird/2000 acres Both Male and Female Not Reported 11 owls Superior township Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Predation by owls in the Sierran foothills of California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
137-151
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density density based on call counts birds/2000 ac Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 7 counts San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Longevity records of North American birds: Gaviidae through Alcidae

Author(s)
Clapp, Roger B., M. Kathleen Klimkiewicz and John H. Kennard
Pages
81-124
Year
Issue
2
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity 10-11 from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data yr-mo Not Reported Adult 86 band recoveries Exposure Factor Datasets USA
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