Aquatic birds

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California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

Notes on the food of the California clapper rail

Author(s)
Moffitt, James
Pages
270-273
Year
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Modiolus demissus (56.5%), Lycosidae (15%), Macoma balthica (7.6%), Hemigrapsis oregonensis (3.2%), Hyanassa obsoleta (2%), Spartina leiantha (14.55%) Volumetric percentage of food items in stomach contents Not Reported Not Reported 18 stomachs San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Citation:

Breeding biology of the California clapper rail in South San Francisco Bay

Author(s)
Harvey, Thomas E.
Pages
98-104
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7.27 mean clutch size Female Adult 26 nests south San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda 0.96 SD
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 24.2 mean incubation period d Both Male and Female Embryo 5 nests south San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Distribution and abundance of snowy plovers wintering in the interior of California and adjacent states

Author(s)
Shuford, David W., Gary W. Page and Catherine M. Hickey
Pages
82-98
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal early to late March timing of first influx of spring migrants to interior breeding areas Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mating system and reproductive success of a small population of polygamous snowy plovers

Author(s)
Warriner, John S., Jane C. Warriner, Gary W. Page and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
15-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal Mar 9 (females), Mar 24 (males) mean dates of spring migrant arrival to breeding grounds Both Male and Female Adult 44 males, 59 females Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Time of Mating/ Laying Mar 23 to Jul 13 period between onset and end of egg laying Female Adult 6-84 clutches laid/month Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Territory Size <0.5 defended nesting territory size on salt pan habitat ha Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Clutch or Litter Size 3 most frequent clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 171 nests Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Citation:

Breeding biology of snowy plovers at Great Salt Lake, Utah

Author(s)
Paton, Peter W.C.
Pages
275
Year
Issue
2
Volume
107
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr 10-Jul 18 egg-laying period Female Adult 3 yrs data collection Great Salt Lake, Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets
Foraging Distance 177 median foraging distance from nest m Female Adult 192 observations Great Salt Lake, Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets 25%-75% quartiles=64-466
Foraging Distance 272 median foraging distance from nest m Male Adult 266 observations Great Salt Lake, Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets 25%-75% quartiles=110-580
Clutch or Litter Size 3 modal clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 327 clutches Great Salt Lake, Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival estimates for snowy plovers breeding at Great Salt Lake, Utah

Author(s)
Paton, Peter W.C.
Pages
1106-1109
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 0.687 estimated average annual adult survival probability (using Jolly-Seber model) Both Male and Female Adult 361 birds captured over 3 yrs Great Salt Lake Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity 2.7 mean life expectancy for an adult plover, based on survival estimate yr Both Male and Female Adult 361 birds captured over 3 yrs Great Salt Lake Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Salt water tolerance and water turnover in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Purdue, James R. and Howard Haines
Pages
248-255
Year
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Water Ingestion Rate 20 daily distilled water consumption as percent of body weight % Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean range in average body weights of treatment groups g Not Reported Adult 3-4 birds/group Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California least tern

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W.
Pages
1-24
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 5.93 mean body weight of day 0 chicks g Not Reported Hatchling 77 birds Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange 0.09 2SE
Body Weight - Mean 39.62 asymptotic body weight of juveniles at 15 days of age g Not Reported Fledgling 8 birds Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange 0.73 2SE
Time of Migration or Dispersal first two wks Apr timing of dispersal from breeding areas Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1 colony Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 20 approximate age of fledging (first flight) d Not Reported Fledgling 2 birds Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Status of the least tern at Camp Pendleton, California

Author(s)
Swickard, Deane K.
Pages
49-58
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size range of average clutch sizes over 2 years eggs/clutch Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 230-336 nests Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Hatching Success proportion of eggs hatched of total eggs laid over 2 years % Not Reported Hatchling 419-734 eggs Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Survival/ Mortality estimated annual mortality rate for two years based on juvenile censuses % Not Reported Juvenile 92-195 birds counted Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Reproduction and breeding success of California least terns in Jalisco, Mexico

Author(s)
Garcia, Andres, and Gerardo Ceballos
Pages
1084-1087
Year
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying May to Aug beginning to end of nesting period Both Male and Female Adult 1 colony Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

Western grebe, Aechmophorus occidentalis, wintering biology and contaminant accumulation in Commencement Bay, Puget Sound, Washington

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus and Robert A. Grove
Pages
460-472
Year
Issue
3
Volume
104
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean range of mean body weights g Male Both Adults and Juveniles 18 birds Commencement Bay Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of mean body weights g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 22 birds Commencement Bay Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting ecology and production of western grebes at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah

Author(s)
Lindvall, Mark L. and Jessop B. Low
Pages
66-70
Year
Issue
1
Volume
84
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying early July peak of laying period Female Adult 386 nests Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 24 incubation period d Both Male and Female Embryo 14 clutches Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Weight growth of young double-crested cormorants in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec

Author(s)
Desgranges, Jean-Luc
Pages
79-86
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Hatching Success 2.8 proportion of eggs hatched per nest among successful nests eggs/nest Both Male and Female Hatchling 32 nests St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.2 SE
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.3 fledging rate among successful nests fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 32 nests St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.2
Growth Rate 90.5 growth rate during maximum growth phase g/day Both Male and Female Nestling 65 chicks St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.8 SE
Body Weight - Mean 27.6 hatch weight g Both Male and Female Hatchling 11 chicks St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.2 SE

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Brood size and chick position as factors influencing feeding frequency, growth, and survival of nestling double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus

Author(s)
Leger, Claire and Raymond McNeil
Pages
351-361
Year
Issue
3
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 1900.5 mean asymptotic weight of fledglings g Not Reported Fledgling 33 chicks Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 189.8 SD
Food Ingestion Rate 4.30 mean frequency of daily feeding of first hatched chick of a brood feedings/d Not Reported Juvenile 64 observations Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.90 SD
Food Ingestion Rate mean meal weight of chicks aged 5-37 days g Not Reported Juvenile 2 chicks Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 12/46 number died/number hatched Not Reported Juvenile 14 nests Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Breeding biology of the double-crested cormorant on Utah Lake

Author(s)
Mitchell, Ronald M.
Pages
1-23
Year
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 average incubation d Not Reported Hatchling 16 eggs Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 11 nests Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.8 eggs/nest Female Adult Not Reported Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 36 g Not Reported Hatchling 16 birds Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets 1 d

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Body composition of female mallards in winter in relation to annual cycle events

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
669-680
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 1,085 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 29 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumage, paired 18 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 188 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 23 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets late prebasic molt 13 SE
Body Weight - Mean 983 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 21 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumage, unpaired 20 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 219 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 6 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets basic plumage, prespring migration departure 13 SE
Body Weight - Mean 1,118 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 44 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets initiation prebasic molt 21 SE
Body Weight - Mean 1,068 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 34 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets early prebasic molt 22 SE
Citation:

Habitat use and home range of mallards breeding in Minnesota

Author(s)
Gilmer, David S., I.J. Ball, Lewis M. Cowardin, John H. Riechmann and John R. Tester
Pages
781-789
Year
Issue
4
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Home Range 70 Study area was 67% upland forest, 33% lakes and wetlands. ha Female Adult 8 western edge of Chippewa National Forest, Beltrami Co. Exposure Factor Datasets during the laying period
Citation:

Homing and reproductive habits of mallards, gadwalls, and blue-winged teal

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Harold F. Duebbert and David E. Sharp
Pages
1-28
Year
Volume
106
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.51 fully feathered young/hen Not Reported Juvenile 74 hens prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.45 fully feathered young/hen Not Reported Juvenile 41 hens prairie pothole region, North Dkota Exposure Factor Datasets second year
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.78 fully feathered young/hen Not Reported Juvenile 22 hens prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets after second year
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.18 fully feathered young/hen Not Reported Juvenile 11 hens prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets after third year
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 1 Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 46 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Female Juvenile not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying March 25 (begin) - May 20 (end) Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal late August/early September (begin), September (peak) Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition beechnuts, acorns, and slugs, snails, frogs or lizards (occasionally) Not Reported Not Reported Central Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival of radio-marked mallard ducklings in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M., Robert L. Jarvis and David S. Gilmer
Pages
82-87
Year
Issue
1
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Survival/ Mortality 0.366 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method Not Reported Chick 41 Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 50 days
Survival/ Mortality 0.410 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method Not Reported Chick 50 Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 10 days
Survival/ Mortality 0.344 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method Not Reported Chick 50 Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 50 days
Citation:

Spring-summer survival rates of yearling versus adult mallard females

Author(s)
Reynolds, Ronald E., Robert J. Blohm, James D. Nichols and James E. Hines
Pages
691-696
Year
Issue
4
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.728 spring-summer survival (proportion) Female Yearling 1,246 Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.079 (SE)
Survival/ Mortality 0.915 summer to spring survival (proportion) Female Adult 11,139 Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.090 (SE)
Citation:

A nesting study of ducks and coots on Tule Lake and Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuges

Author(s)
Miller, A.W. and B.D. Collins
Pages
17-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 91.4% Mean hatch success of successful nests Female Adult 178 Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Exposure Factor Datasets Modoc, Siskiyou
Time of Hatching or Parturition May-July Female Adult Not Reported Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Exposure Factor Datasets Modoc, Siskiyou
Citation:

The mallard: Its management in western Montana

Author(s)
Girard, G. L.
Pages
233-259
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported lower Flathead Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus); Leafy pondweed (P. foliosus); small pondweed (P. pusillus); smartweed (Polygonum amphibium); widgeon grass (Ruppia maritima); redhead grass (Potamogeton perfoliatus); muskgrass (Chara spp.); duckweeds (Lemna minor and L. trisulca); horned pondweed (Zannichellia palustris); duck potato (Sagittaria arifolia); water spikerush (Eleocharis acicularis) Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported lower Flathead Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Temporal and geographic estimates of survival and recovery rates for the mallard, 1950 through 1985.

Author(s)
Chu, D.S. and J.B. Hestbeck
Pages
57
Publisher
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 20
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.3948 survival estimates for birds banded 1972-1981 Male Juvenile 1,396 Central California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0458 (SE)
Survival/ Mortality 0.5447 survival estimates for birds banded 1966-1985 Female Adult 13,704 Northern California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0128 (SE)
Survival/ Mortality 0.5462 survival estimates for birds banded 1972-1981 Female Adult 1,240 Central California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0561 (SE)
Survival/ Mortality 0.5626 survival estimates for birds banded 1966-1985 Female Juvenile 8,205 Central California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0445 (SE)
Citation:

Production of mallards on irrigated land in the Sacramento Valley

Author(s)
Earl, John P.
Pages
23
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 0.72 ducks/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo non-breeding
Citation:

Seasonal decline in brood sizes of sympatric waterfowl (Anas and Athya, Anatidae) and a proposed evolutionary explanation

Author(s)
Toft, Catherine A., David L. Trauger and Horatio W. Murdy
Pages
75-92
Year
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition June 14 Average date of hatching for 3 years straight (1963-65) 50 broods Northwest Territories, Canada Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Metabolizable energy of small grains for mallards

Author(s)
Sugden, Lawson G.
Pages
781-785
Year
Issue
4
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 43.35 The value is an average calculated from average intake on eight different diets. See table 1 p. 783 for specific diet averages. grams/duck/day Male Juvenile 12 Exposure Factor Datasets 18 - 20 weeks Laboratory
Food Ingestion Rate 38.01 The value is an average calculated from average intake on eight different diets. See table 1 p. 783 for specific diet averages. grams/duck/day Female Juvenile 12 Exposure Factor Datasets 18 -20 weeks old Laboratory
Citation:

Mid-winter food use and body weights of mallards and wood ducks in Mississippi

Author(s)
Delnicki, D. and K.J. Reinecke
Pages
43-51
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 1,239 g Male Both Adults and Juveniles 1,477 Mississippi Alluvial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 3 (SE)
Body Weight - Mean 1,079 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 641 Mississippi Alluvial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 4 (SE)
Dietary Composition animal (3.0%), plant (97.0%) percent composition of esopageal food samples Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 2,118 Mississippi Alluvial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Longevity records of North American birds: Gaviidae through Alcidae

Author(s)
Clapp, Roger B., M. Kathleen Klimkiewicz and John H. Kennard
Pages
81-124
Year
Issue
2
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity 23-05 from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data yr-mo Not Reported Adult 522,261 band recoveries Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Protein costs of the prebasic molt of female mallards

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
263-266
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Food Ingestion Rate 3.9 g protein/day Female Adult 183 birds Ted Shanks Wildlife Management Area Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Weights of wild mallard Anas platyrhynchos, gadwall A. strepera, and blue-winged teal A. discors during the breeding season

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Douglas H. Johnson and David E. Sharp
Pages
122-130
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 49.3 egg weight g Not Reported Embryo 27 central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets freshly laid egg 3.5 SD
Body Weight - Mean 32.4 g Both Male and Female Hatchling 36 central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets 1 d 2.4 SD
Citation:

Reproductive capacities of control mallard ducks (Anas platyrynchos) during a one-generation reproduction study

Author(s)
Piccirillo, V.J. and R.P. Quesenberry
Pages
133-140
Year
Issue
5/6
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 574.7-1182.8 g/wk range of mean food consumption over the breeding period Both Male and Female Adult 90 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Molt migration of postbreeding female mallards from Suisun Marsh, California

Author(s)
Yarris, Gregory S., M. Robert McLandress and Alison E.H. Perkins
Pages
36-45
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal May 22 to July 10 timing of departure from breeding grounds Female Adult 34 Suisun Marsh, Grizzly Island Exposure Factor Datasets Solano
Citation:

Effects of aqueous and dietary exposure of dieldrin on survival, growth and bioconcentration in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Nebeker, Alan V., William L. Griffis, Thomas W. Stutzman, Gerald S. Schuytema, Lori A. Carey and Susan M. Scherer
Pages
687-699
Year
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 379 g Not Reported Juvenile 10 Exposure Factor Datasets 24 d 7 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Nesting biology of mallards in California

Author(s)
McLandress, M. Robert, Gregory S. Yarris, Alison E.H. Perkins, Daniel P. Connelly and Dennis G. Raveling
Pages
94-107
Year
Issue
1
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8.5 eggs Not Reported Not Reported 1934 Suisun Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Spring and summer survival of female mallards from northcentral Minnesota

Author(s)
Kirby, Ronald E. and Lewis M. Cowardin
Pages
38-43
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 0.713 survival rate Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Chippewa National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Relative success of overwater and upland mallard nests in southwestern Manitoba

Author(s)
Arnold, T.W., M.D. Sorenson, and J.J. Rotella
Year
Issue
3
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 43.9% nest success rate (Mayfield method) among overwater nests Female Adult 47 Minnedosa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Foods used by male mallards wintering in southeastern Missouri

Author(s)
Combs, Daniel L. and Leigh H. Fredrickson
Pages
603-610
Year
Issue
3
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition total plant seeds (19.3%), total grain (5.7%), acorns (64.5%), total vegetation (0.9%), tubers/rhizomes (5.1%), invertebrates (4.6%) mean aggregate % dry mass of foods collected in mallard stomachs (one season) Male Both Adults and Juveniles 104 Mingo National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

DDT thins shells of eggs from mallard ducks maintained on ad libitum or controlled-feeding regimes

Author(s)
Davison, K.L. and J.L. Sell
Pages
222-232
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate food consumption rate for average body weight of 1.23 kg g/duck/d Female Adult 18 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Bird nesting in Iowa no-tillage and tilled cropland

Author(s)
Basore, Nancy S., Louis B. Best, and James B. Wooley, Jr.
Pages
19-28
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1(+/-2) to 5 (+/-6) mean nest densities in untilled corn or soybean fields nests/100 ha Both Male and Female Adult 8-9 fields Adair County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of fall migrant shorebirds on the Texas High Plains

Author(s)
Baldassare, Guy A. and David H. Fischer
Pages
220-229
Year
Issue
2
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition ad. Coleoptera (16%), larval Coleoptera (10%), other larval Diptera (58%), larval Lepidoptera (11%), miscellaneous (5%) aggregate percentage of food items in diet, based on stomach content analysis Not Reported Adult 7 birds Texas High Plains Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Energy expenditure in reproductive effort of male and female killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Author(s)
Brunton, Dianne H.
Pages
553-564
Year
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Metabolic Rate 92.6 mean daily energy expenditure during reproduction (during late incubation) kJ/d Male Adult 14 Houghton Lake (lat. 44deg02', long. 08deg45') Exposure Factor Datasets 8.1 SE
Metabolic Rate 118.6 mean daily energy expenditure during reproduction (during late incubation) kJ/d Female Adult 14 Houghton Lake (lat. 44deg02', long. 08deg45') Exposure Factor Datasets 9.2 SE

Light-footed Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. levipes), California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus), Yuma Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. yumanensis)

Citation:

Clapper Rail

Author(s)
Eddleman, William R. and Courtney J. Conway
Pages
167-179
Publisher
The International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Territory Size review Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Territory Size review Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Light-footed Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. levipes)

Citation:

Movements and activity patterns of the light-footed clapper rail

Author(s)
Zembal, Richard, Barbara W. Massey and Jack M. Fancher
Pages
39-42
Year
Issue
1
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 0.81 mean home range size of radiotagged and untagged birds ha Both Male and Female Adult 9 radiotagged birds upper Newport Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Foraging behavior and foods of the light-footed clapper rail

Author(s)
Zembal, Richard and Jack M. Fancher
Pages
959-962
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition crabs, California horn snails, isopods, crayfish, decapods, beetles prey items in regurgitated pellets, in order of frequency of occurence Not Reported Adult 18 pellets upper Newport Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Dietary Composition amphipods, garden snails, crane flies, house mice, California voles unquantified dietary items identified in regurgitated pellets Not Reported Adult Not Reported upper Newport Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Orange

Yuma Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. yumanensis)

Citation:

Foods of western clapper rails

Author(s)
Ohmart, R.D. and R.E. Tomlinson
Pages
332-336
Year
Issue
2
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition crayfish (94.67%), ground beetle (0.11%), unident. beetle (0.56%), weevils (2.78%), damselfly nymphs (0.11%), grasshoppers (0.11%), insect eggs (.11%), unident. parts (0.78%), spider (0.56%), seeds (0.11%), corbicula (0.06%), unident. mammal bone (0.06%) dietary item occurence by volume in stomach contents Not Reported Adult 9 stomachs Topock Marsh to Imperial Lake Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition isopoda (48.5%), unident. parts (1.50%), corbicula (50.00%) dietary item occurence by volume in stomach contents Not Reported Adult 2 stomachs Gila/Colorado River confluence Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition shrimp (0.25%), water beetle (56.50%), dragonfly nymphs (0.50%), damselfly nymphs (2.00%), leech (3.75%), unident. fish (31.75%) dietary item occurence by volume in stomach contents Not Reported Adult 4 stomachs Colorado Delta Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
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