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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., D.J. Hoffman, L. Sileo, D.J. Audet, and L.J. LeCaptain
Pages
323-333
Year
Volume
36
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD COMPOUNDS increased @ 642 and 1284 ug/g occurrence of renal tubular nuclear inclusion bodies versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 5/control treatment 0, 8.7 (sediment control), 642, 1284 ug/g diet, added as contaminated sediment TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS 3.0(0.30) ppm @ 642 ug/g Pb; 6.8(0.84) ppm @ 1284 ug/g Pb mean (SE) wet wt Pb concentrations in blood Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 5/control treatment 0, 8.7 (sediment control), 642, 1284 ug/g diet, added as contaminated sediment TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS 9.1(0.61) ppm @ 642 ug/g Pb; 16(1.5) ppm @ 1284 ug/g Pb mean (SE) wet wt Pb concentrations in liver Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 5/control treatment 0, 8.7 (sediment control), 642, 1284 ug/g diet, added as contaminated sediment TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS reduced @ 869 ug/g, corn diet body weight compared to corn diet controls Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments 0, 3.0 (sediment control, complete diet), 3.7 (sediment control, corn diet), 954 (complete diet), 869 (corn diet) ug/g diet, added as contaminated sediment TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 15 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS reduced @ 869 ug/g, corn diet hemoglobin concentration versus corn diet controls Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments 0, 3.0 (sediment control, complete diet), 3.7 (sediment control, corn diet), 954 (complete diet), 869 (corn diet) ug/g diet, added as contaminated sediment TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 15 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS increased @ 869 and 954 ug/g protoporphyrin versus corn or complete diet controls Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments 0, 3.0 (sediment control, complete diet), 3.7 (sediment control, corn diet), 954 (complete diet), 869 (corn diet) ug/g diet, added as contaminated sediment TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 15 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS reduced @ 869 and 954 ug/g delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity versus corn or complete diet controls Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments 0, 3.0 (sediment control, complete diet), 3.7 (sediment control, corn diet), 954 (complete diet), 869 (corn diet) ug/g diet, added as contaminated sediment TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 15 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS increased @ 869 ug/g, corn diet mortality versus corn diet controls Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments 0, 3.0 (sediment control, complete diet), 3.7 (sediment control, corn diet), 954 (complete diet), 869 (corn diet) ug/g diet, added as contaminated sediment TOX-MORT - dose-response data 15 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS increased @ 869 and 954 ug/g incidence of renal tubular intranuclear inclusion bodies versus corn or complete diet controls Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments 0, 3.0 (sediment control, complete diet), 3.7 (sediment control, corn diet), 954 (complete diet), 869 (corn diet) ug/g diet, added as contaminated sediment TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 15 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS 4.1(1.03) ppm in blood, 13(1.2) ppm in liver @ 954 ug/g, complete diet; 4.0(0.58) ppm in blood, 38(6.5) ppm in liver @ 869 ug/g, corn diet mean (SE) wet wt Pb concentrations in blood and liver Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments 0, 3.0 (sediment control, complete diet), 3.7 (sediment control, corn diet), 954 (complete diet), 869 (corn diet) ug/g diet, added as contaminated sediment TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 15 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Site-specific lead exposure from lead pellet ingestion in sentinel mallards

Author(s)
Rocke, Tonie E., Christopher J. Brand, John G. Mensik
Pages
228-234
Year
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD (elemental) higher in P8 than in T19 and TF, and in T19 than in TF maximum likelihood estimate of 2-week Pb exposure rate Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge; Willows, CA (39deg29'N, 122deg20'W) 50 birds/treatment 15750 (TF enclosure) , 173200 (T19 enclosure), or 2299700 (P8 enclosure) lead pellets/ha TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 4 mos habitat contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) higher in P8 than in T19 and TF, and in T19 than in TF mortality rate (over 4 years) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge; Willows, CA (39deg29'N, 122deg20'W) 50 birds/treatment 15750 (TF enclosure) , 173200 (T19 enclosure), or 2299700 (P8 enclosure) lead pellets/ha TOX-MORT - mortality in the field 4 mos habitat contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Lead exposure of waterfowl ingesting Coeur d'Alene River basin sediments

Author(s)
Beyer, W. Nelson, Daniel J. Audet, Anna Morton, Julie K. Campbell and Leonard LeCaptain
Pages
1533-1538
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD COMPOUNDS Equation: fecal Pb conc./fecal acid insoluble ash content = 61 + (1.06 x sediment Pb conc.) relation between waterfowl fecal lead concentration (dry wt) and sediment lead concentration (dry wt) Not Reported Not Reported Coeur d'Alene and St. Joe River Basins 521 fecal analyses at 11 wetlands (at least 20 per wetland) 0-5,000 mg/kg in sediments TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR contaminated sediment ingestion Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Acute effects of lead, steel, tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer shot administered to game-farm mallards

Author(s)
Kelly, M.E., S.D. Fitzgerald, R.J. Aulerich, R.J. Balander, D.C. Powell, R.L. Stickle, W. Stevens, C. Cray, R.J. Tempelman and S.J. Bursian
Pages
673-687
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS increased for lead shot mortality rate versus all other groups Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment control, steel (eight #4 pellets), lead (eight #4 pellets), tungsten-iron (eight BB size pellets), tungsten-polymer (eight BB size pellets); See paper for data on shot recovery and erosion in dosed ducks. TOX-MORT - dose-response data single exposure; 30 d observation oral Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS increased for lead shot incidence of clinical signs versus other groups Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment control, steel (eight #4 pellets), lead (eight #4 pellets), tungsten-iron (eight BB size pellets), tungsten-polymer (eight BB size pellets); See paper for data on shot recovery and erosion in dosed ducks. TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal single exposure; 30 d observation oral Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS reduced for lead shot body weight versus all other groups Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment control, steel (eight #4 pellets), lead (eight #4 pellets), tungsten-iron (eight BB size pellets), tungsten-polymer (eight BB size pellets); See paper for data on shot recovery and erosion in dosed ducks. TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal single exposure; 30 d observation oral Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS reduced for lead shot hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations versus all other groups Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment control, steel (eight #4 pellets), lead (eight #4 pellets), tungsten-iron (eight BB size pellets), tungsten-polymer (eight BB size pellets); See paper for data on shot recovery and erosion in dosed ducks. TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single exposure; 30 d observation oral Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS increased for lead shot plasma activities of alanine aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase versus control group Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment control, steel (eight #4 pellets), lead (eight #4 pellets), tungsten-iron (eight BB size pellets), tungsten-polymer (eight BB size pellets); See paper for data on shot recovery and erosion in dosed ducks. TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single exposure; 30 d observation oral Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS increased for lead shot relative kidney weights versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment control, steel (eight #4 pellets), lead (eight #4 pellets), tungsten-iron (eight BB size pellets), tungsten-polymer (eight BB size pellets); See paper for data on shot recovery and erosion in dosed ducks. TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects single exposure; 30 d observation oral Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS increased for lead shot, steel and tungsten-iron groups iron concentrations in femur and liver versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment control, steel (eight #4 pellets), lead (eight #4 pellets), tungsten-iron (eight BB size pellets), tungsten-polymer (eight BB size pellets); See paper for data on shot recovery and erosion in dosed ducks. TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects single exposure; 30 d observation oral Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS increased for lead, steel shot renal concentrations of iron versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment control, steel (eight #4 pellets), lead (eight #4 pellets), tungsten-iron (eight BB size pellets), tungsten-polymer (eight BB size pellets); See paper for data on shot recovery and erosion in dosed ducks. TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects single exposure; 30 d observation oral Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS 250.6(39.0) ppm in femur, 78.3(9.7) ppm in liver, 256.3(22.2) in kidneys mean(SE) dry wt lead concentrations in tissues of lead-dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment control, steel (eight #4 pellets), lead (eight #4 pellets), tungsten-iron (eight BB size pellets), tungsten-polymer (eight BB size pellets); See paper for data on shot recovery and erosion in dosed ducks. TOX-EXP IND - accumulation single exposure; 30 d observation oral Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparison of the effects of seleno-L-methionine, seleno-D,L-methionine, and selenized yeast on reproduction in mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H. and David J. Hoffman
Pages
169-175
Year
Volume
91
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced with selenized yeast body weight of 6 day old ducklings versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group 0, 10.3 ppm Se as seleno-L-methionine, 9.3 ppm Se as seleno-D,L-methionine, and 10.9 ppm Se as selenized yeast TOX-REPRO - development through reproduction until 6 days of age in ducklings diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE increased with seleno-D,L-methionine, seleno-L-methionine, or selenized yeast incidence of embryo deformities versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group 0, 10.3 ppm Se as seleno-L-methionine, 9.3 ppm Se as seleno-D,L-methionine, and 10.9 ppm Se as selenized yeast TOX-REPRO - development through reproduction until 6 days of age in ducklings diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE 9.2(0.52) ppm with seleno-D,L-methionine; 8.9(0.35) ppm with seleno-L-methionine; 6.6(0.37) ppm with selenized yeast mean(SE) wet wt concentrations of selenium in 8th egg laid Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group 0, 10.3 ppm Se as seleno-L-methionine, 9.3 ppm Se as seleno-D,L-methionine, and 10.9 ppm Se as selenized yeast TOX-EXP IND - accumulation through reproduction until 6 days of age in ducklings diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Methylmercury chloride and selenomethionine interactions on health and reproduction in mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H., and David J. Hoffman
Pages
139-145
Year
Issue
2
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect body weight versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 12/group 0, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg plus 10 ppm Se in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal April 1-June 16 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 10 ppm Hg incidence of leg weakness versus controls Male Adult 12/group 0, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg plus 10 ppm Se in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal April 1-June 16 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se hatchability versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 12/group 0, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg plus 10 ppm Se in diet TOX-REPRO - reproductive success April 1-June 16 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect egg laying interval, egg weight, egg shell thickness, fertility, duckling survival, hatchling body weights versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 12/group 0, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg plus 10 ppm Se in diet TOX-REPRO - reproductive success April 1-June 16 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced @ 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se weight of 7 day old ducklings versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 12/group 0, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg plus 10 ppm Se in diet TOX-REPRO - development April 1-June 16 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se incidence of deformities in embryos that died (1 wk or older) versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 12/group 0, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg plus 10 ppm Se in diet TOX-REPRO - development April 1-June 16 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE 7.6(0.26) ppm, egg, 6.0(0.31) ppm, fem. liver, 9.6(0.95) ppm, male liver @ 10 ppm Se; 9.3(0.85) ppm, egg, 9.2(1.61) ppm, female liver, 114(25.3) ppm, male liver @ 10 ppm Se + 10 ppm Hg mean(SE) wet wt concentration of Se in egg and liver of treated birds Both Male and Female Adult 12/group 0, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg plus 10 ppm Se in diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation April 1-June 16 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE 16(0.8) ppm, egg, 22(1.5) ppm, fem. liver, 71(8.9) ppm, male liver @ 10 ppm Hg; 17(0.6) ppm, egg, 21(4.3) ppm, female liver, 65(4.1) ppm, male liver @ 10 ppm Se + 10 ppm Hg mean(SE) wet wt concentration of Hg in egg and liver of treated birds Both Male and Female Adult 12/group 0, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg plus 10 ppm Se in diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation April 1-June 16 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of mercury and selenium on glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress in mallards

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., and Gary H. Heinz
Pages
161-166
Year
Issue
2
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced @ 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Se + 10 ppm Hg hematocrit and hemoglobin values versus controls Male Adult 12/treatment 0, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg plus 10 ppm Se in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects April 1-June 16 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se plasma glucose concentrations versus controls Male Adult 12/treatment 0, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg plus 10 ppm Se in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects April 1-June 16 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se plasma phosphorus concentrations versus controls Male Adult 12/treatment 0, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg plus 10 ppm Se in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects April 1-June 16 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 10 ppm Hg glutathione peroxidase activity (plasma and liver) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (liver and brain) versus controls Male Adult 12/treatment 0, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg plus 10 ppm Se in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects April 1-June 16 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 10 ppm Se hepatic GSSG reductase activity versus controls Male Adult 12/treatment 0, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg plus 10 ppm Se in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects April 1-June 16 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 10 ppm Hg oxidized glutathione (GSSG) level versus controls Male Adult 12/treatment 0, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg plus 10 ppm Se in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects April 1-June 16 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced @ 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se protein-bound sulfhydryl in liver versus controls Male Adult 12/treatment 0, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg plus 10 ppm Se in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects April 1-June 16 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
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