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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Effects of dietary cadmium on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Cain, Brian W., Lou Sileo, J. Christian Franson and John Moore
Pages
286-297
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 20 ppm incidence of kidney lesions by 12 wks of treatment compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile day old 12 birds per timexdose treatment 0,5,10,20 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 4,8,12 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 20 ppm serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity by 8 wks of treatment compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile day old 12 birds per timexdose treatment 0,5,10,20 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 4,8,12 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE 0.10 (@ 0 ppm), 10.13 (@ 5 ppm), 16.25 (@ 10 ppm), 42.21 (@ 20 ppm) ppm, wet wt mean Cd concentrations in liver by 12 wks of treatment Not Reported Juvenile day old 12 birds per timexdose treatment 0,5,10,20 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 4,8,12 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect body weight, liver weight, and femur density compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile day old 12 birds per timexdose treatment 0,5,10,20 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 4,8,12 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Subchronic hepatotoxicity of selenomethionine ingestion in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Gary H. Heinz, Leonard J. LeCaptain, Christine M. Bunck and David E. Greene
Pages
449-464
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 32 ppm incidence of liver histopathological lesions, liver:body wt ratios versus controls Male Adult 10 birds/group 0.2,1,2,4,8,16,32 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 14 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 32 ppm plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and total protein levels versus controls Male Adult 10 birds/group 0.2,1,2,4,8,16,32 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 14 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 32 ppm body weight, liver DNA:RNA ratio, hematocrit compared to controls Male Adult 10 birds/group 0.2,1,2,4,8,16,32 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 14 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 16, 32 ppm hemoglobin concentration compared to controls Male Adult 10 birds/group 0.2,1,2,4,8,16,32 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 14 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 2 ppm or greater plasma glutathione peroxidase activity versus controls Male Adult 10 birds/group 0.2,1,2,4,8,16,32 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 14 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 16, 32 ppm liver reduced gluthathione, oxidized glutathione, malondialdehyde concentrations versus controls Male Adult 10 birds/group 0.2,1,2,4,8,16,32 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 14 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 2 ppm or greater Se concentrations in liver versus controls Male Adult 10 birds/group 0.2,1,2,4,8,16,32 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 14 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Interactive effects of boron, selenium, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Caroline J. Sanderson, Leonard J. LeCaptain, Eugene Cromartie and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
288-294
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 60 ppm Se (47% mort.) survival versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 1000 ppm B, 15 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B, 60 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B (all treatments were conducted with 22% protein in the diet) TOX-MORT - dose-response data 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 60 ppm Se body, liver, and spleen weight; tarsus length versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 1000 ppm B, 15 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B, 60 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B (all treatments were conducted with 22% protein in the diet) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 60 ppm Se (100% mort.) survival versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 1000 ppm B, 15 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B, 60 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B (all treatments were conducted with 7% protein in the diet) TOX-MORT - dose-response data 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 15 ppm Se body, liver, and spleen weight; tarsus length versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 1000 ppm B, 15 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B, 60 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B (all treatments were conducted with 7% protein in the diet) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 15, 60 ppm Se (with and w/out B), 1000 ppm B incidence of plasma chemistry changes versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 1000 ppm B, 15 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B, 60 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B (all treatments were conducted with 22% protein in the diet) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 15 ppm Se (with and w/out B), 1000 ppm B incidence of plasma chemistry changes versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 1000 ppm B, 15 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B, 60 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B (all treatments were conducted with 7% protein in the diet) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 1000 ppm B hematocrits and hemoglobin concentrations versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 1000 ppm Bo, 15 ppm Se + 1000 ppm Bo, 60 ppm Se + 1000 ppm Bo (all treatments were conducted with 22% protein in the diet) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 15 ppm Se (with or w/out B), and 1000 ppm B hematocrits and hemoglobin concentrations versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 1000 ppm B, 15 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B, 60 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B (all treatments were conducted with 7% protein in the diet) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE 10.8 (@ 15 ppm Se), 56.0 (@ 60 ppm) ppm Se, wet wt 11.0 (@ 1000 ppm B) ppm B, wet wt geometric mean Se and B concentrations in liver Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 1000 ppm B, 15 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B, 60 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B (all treatments were conducted with 22% protein in the diet) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE 22.5 (@ 15 ppm Se w/out B), 41.9 (@ 15 ppm Se w/B) ppm Se, wet wt 13.0 (@ 1000 ppm B) ppm B, wet wt geometric mean Se and B concentrations in liver Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 1000 ppm B, 15 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B, 60 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B (all treatments were conducted with 7% protein in the diet) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effect of age on sensitivity: Acute oral toxicity of 14 pesticides to mallard ducks of several ages

Author(s)
Hudson, R.H., R.K. Tucker and M.A. Haegele
Pages
556-561
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
MONOCROTOPHOS 5.86 (4.70-7.29), 7.21 (5.79-8.98), 5.10 (4.44-5.86), 3.36 (2.77-4.09) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
PROPOXUR 7.38 (5.97-9.14), 12.7 (10.2-15.9), 14.6 (12.4-17.4), 9.58 (7.61-12.1) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
DICROTOPHOS 6.17 (3.33-11.4), 7.03 (5.30-9.31), 6.73 (5.53-8.19), 4.14 (3.33-5.16) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
FENSULFOTHION 0.528, 0.747, 1.06 (0.868-1.29), 0.747 (0.588-0.949) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
ENDRIN 22.3 (9.88-50.3), 3.37 (2.36-4.80), 2.90 (2.17-3.88), 5.33 (3.67-7.73) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBOFURAN 0.370 (0.283-0.484), 0.628 (0.530-0.744), 0.510 (0.410-0.635), 0.415 (0.333-0.516) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
DEMETON 13.3 (11.0-16.2), 15.3 (12.9-18.1), 15.1 (12.0-19.0), 8.19 (6.58-10.2) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
TOXAPHENE (POLYCHLORINATED CAMPHENES) 130 (80.4-210), 30.8 (23.3-40.6), 70.7 (37.6-133) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
MEXACARBATE 3.16 (2.17-4.61), 4.11 (2.70-6.26), 3.61 (2.37-5.49), 3.23 (2.72-3.85), 2.72(2.28-3.23) LD50's determined at ages 48 hr, 7 d, 14 d, 30 d and 60 d, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE 9.78 (6.31-15.2), 3.71 (2.50-5.48), 3.71, 4.81 (2.57-8.99) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of arsenate on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Camardese, Michael B., David J. Hoffman, Leonard J. LeCaptain and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
785-795
Year
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ARSENATE, SODIUM no effect hematocrit and hemoglobin Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 birds/group 0, 30, 100, 300 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ARSENATE, SODIUM increased @ 100 ppm ( 0.4 ppm, dry wt), 300 ppm (0.8 ppm, dry wt) accumulation of arsenic in brain tissue (geometric means in parentheses) Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 birds/group 0, 30, 100, 300 ppm TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Neurotoxic and teratogenic effects of an organophosphorus insecticide (phenyl phosphorothioic acid-o-ethyl-o-[4-nitrophenyl] ester) on mallard development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and Louis Sileo
Pages
284-294
Year
Volume
73
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
EPN decreased @ 12, 36 ug/g brain weight, protein content, acetylcholinesterase and neurotoxic esterase versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 12/group 0,12,36,108 ug/g egg TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single application to egg surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of lead shot ingestion on selected cells of the mallard immune system

Author(s)
Rocke, Tonie E. and Michael D. Samuel
Pages
1-9
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD (elemental) ppm wet wt: 1.40 (0.7), blood; 6.40 (4.92), liver; 38.64 (19.18), femur @ 2 #four shot mean (2SE) lead concentrations in liver, femur and blood Male Adult Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge 31 birds 931,000 shot/acre (field exposure) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 80 d ingestion Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) ppm wet wt: 1.21 (0.78), blood; 2.32 (1.10), liver; 131.13 (90.94), femur @ 2 #four shot mean (2SE) lead concentrations in liver, femur and blood Female Adult Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge 24 birds 931,000 shot/acre (field exposure) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 80 d ingestion Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Methylmercury: Reproductive and behavioral effects on three generations of mallard ducks

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
394-401
Year
Issue
2
Volume
43
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE ppm, wet wt: 0.79-0.86 (egg); 0.89-1.62 (liver); 1.52-1.82 (kidney); 9.03-11.17 (primary feathers); 0.67-0.83 (breast muscle); 0.44-0.59 (brain); 0.51-0.65 (ovary) mean concentration of Hg in tissues (ranges are for 3 generations) Female Adult 3-14 birds/tissue x generation group 0.5 ppm Hg in diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE no effect body weight versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 14 pairs/group 0, 0.5 ppm Hg in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets

Aechmophorus occidentalis

Citation:

Mercury levels, reproduction, and hematology in western grebes from three California Lakes

Author(s)
Elbert, Ruth Anne and Daniel W. Anderson
Pages
210-213
Year
Issue
2
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
MERCURY COMPOUNDS positive correlation Hg concentration in brain correlation with P and K concentrations in blood Not Reported Adult Clear Lake, Tule Lake, Eagle Lake 11 birds 0.13-0.28 ppm in brain, wet wt (location means) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 0.001 (Clear Lake), 0.16 (Tule Lake) productivity (young to adult ratios) at study locations Not Reported Adult Clear Lake, Tule Lake 13 birds, Clear Lake; 5 birds, Tule Lake 2.74 (0.89 SD) ppm, wet wt, in liver (Clear Lake); 1.22 (0.08 SD) ppm, wet wt, in liver (Tule Lake) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
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