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Lithobates catesbeianus

Citation:

Comparative toxicity of diuron on survival and growth of Pacific treefrog, bullfrog, red-legged frog and African clawed frog embryos and tadpoles

Author(s)
Schuytema, G.S. and A.V. Nebeker
Pages
370-376
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIURON 12.7 mg/l (95% CI; 9.8 - 16.4) 21 d LC50 Not Reported Tadpole 5/replicate; 3 replicates/dose 0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.8, 7.6, 14.5, 21.1, 29.1 mg/l TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 21 d waterborne Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIURON 7.6 mg/l lowest NOAEL based on body weight endpoint Not Reported Tadpole 5/replicate; 3 replicates/dose 0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.8, 7.6, 14.5, 21.1, 29.1 mg/l TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 21 d waterborne Toxicity Factor Datasets

Rana aurora

Citation:

Comparative toxicity of diuron on survival and growth of Pacific treefrog, bullfrog, red-legged frog and African clawed frog embryos and tadpoles

Author(s)
Schuytema, G.S. and A.V. Nebeker
Pages
370-376
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIURON 22.2 mg/l (95% CI; 19.8 - 25.0) 14 d LC50 Not Reported Tadpole 5/replicate; 3 replicates/dose 0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.8, 7.6, 14.5, 21.1, 29.1 mg/l TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 14 d waterborne Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIURON 7.6 mg/l lowest NOAEL based on body weight endpoint Not Reported Tadpole 5/replicate; 3 replicates/dose 0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.8, 7.6, 14.5, 21.1, 29.1 mg/l TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 14 d waterborne Toxicity Factor Datasets

Peromyscus maniculatus

Citation:

Effect of wide area ultra low volume application of malathion on small mammal populations

Author(s)
Erwin, William J. and Roger S. Sharpe
Pages
25-28
Year
Volume
5
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
MALATHION no effect population size in sprayed areas, compared to control areas Not Reported Not Reported Lexington, Dawson County Not Reported control or 0.585 liters/acre TOX-POP - size effects single application field application Toxicity Factor Datasets

Spermophilus beecheyi

Citation:

Hazards to wildlife associated with 1080 baiting for California ground squirrels

Author(s)
Hegdal, Paul L., Kathleen A. Fagherstone, Thomas A. Gatz, James F. Glahn and George H. Matschke
Pages
11-21
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE decrease @ 6.7 kg/ha population size Not Reported Not Reported Exeter, Tulare 38.7-54.2 mean squirrel population size range 6.7 kg/ha; 13.5 ppm in stomach TOX-POP - size effects single field application Toxicity Factor Datasets

Canis latrans

Citation:

Hazards to wildlife associated with 1080 baiting for California ground squirrels

Author(s)
Hegdal, Paul L., Kathleen A. Fagherstone, Thomas A. Gatz, James F. Glahn and George H. Matschke
Pages
11-21
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE increase @ 6.7 kg/ha 5/6 radio-equipped coyotes were found dead during post-treatment period Not Reported Not Reported Exeter, Tulare 6 6.7 kg/ha; 13.5 ppm in stomach of squirrel TOX-MORT - mortality in the field single field application Toxicity Factor Datasets

Zenaida macroura

Citation:

Radiocesium in mourning doves: Effects of a contaminated reservoir drawdown and risk to human consumers

Author(s)
Kennamer, Robert A., I. Lehr Brisbin, Jr., Clark D. McCreedy and Joanna Burger
Pages
497-508
Year
Issue
2
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CESIUM COMPOUNDS 0.24 (0.027 SE) Bq/g, wet weight (whole body) 0.30 (0.036 SE) Bq/g, wet weight (muscle) whole body and muscle concentrations of 137Cesium Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Par Pond reservoir system, Savannah River Site 27 doves 0.56 (0.065 SE) Bq/g, wet wt, ingesta TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet (via site contamination) Toxicity Factor Datasets

Melospiza melodia

Citation:

The impact of dimethoate on rhythms of three granivorous bird species

Author(s)
Brunet, Richard and Andre Cyr
Pages
327-336
Year
Volume
41
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIMETHOATE significant reduction of mean daily activity levels (perch hopping) Not Reported Not Reported 7 treated; 7 control average food intake 2.14 g (0.48SE)/d ; 0.24 g Dimethoate sprayed over 1 m2 seeds; TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects single; (1 seed lot0 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIMETHOATE 3.4 weight loss (3.4 g over experiment period; controls gained 0.43 g) g Not Reported Not Reported 7 treated; 7 control 0.24 g Dimethoate sprayed over 1 m2 seeds TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - indirect effects single; (1 seed lot0 diet Toxicity Factor Datasets

Dipodomys merriami

Citation:

Effects of chemical smokes on flora and fauna under field and laboratory exposures

Author(s)
Schaeffer, D.J., Edward W. Novak, William R. Lower, Armon Yanders, Shubendar Kapila and Richard Wang
Pages
301-315
Year
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
HEXACHLOROETHANE no effect sister chromatid exchange counts, compared to controls Not Reported Not Reported Goldstone, Fort Irwin 3-4/group control site and site 15 m from smoke source of fogoil and hexachloroethane TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - genetic effects 30 min. site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets

Anaxyrus boreas

Citation:

Toxicity of mine drainage to embryonic and larval boreal toads (Bufonidae: Bufo boreas)

Author(s)
Porter, Kenneth R and Dean E. Hakanson
Pages
327-331
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1976
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
IRON SULFATE increase @ 30-288 mg/l Not Reported Juvenile 5-25/dose 0, 3, 10, 20, 30, 35, 40, 72, 144, 288 mg/l Fe++ TOX-MORT - dose-response data 39 d waterborne Toxicity Factor Datasets

Citation:
Endpoint Value Toxicity Endpoint Type Type
00 mg/kg TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Toxicity Factor Datasets
decrease @ 00 mg/kg TOX-REPRO - reproductive success Toxicity Factor Datasets

Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Comparative toxicity of lead shot in black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mallards (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Rattner, Barnett A., W. James Fleming and Christine M. Bunck
Pages
175-183
Year
Issue
2
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD (elemental) decreased body weight and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity versus controls Male Adult 20/treatment group 0, 1 #four lead shot TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal single oral intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) increased erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentrations versus controls Male Adult 20/treatment group 0, 1 #four lead shot TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single oral intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) no effect body weight and hematocrit versus controls Male Juvenile 20/treatment group 0, 1 #four lead shot TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal single oral intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) 60% @ 2 shot, 30% @ 4 shot cumulative mortality Male Adult 10/treatment group 0, 2, or 4 #four lead shot TOX-MORT - dose-response data single oral intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of lead shot ingestion on selected cells of the mallard immune system

Author(s)
Rocke, Tonie E. and Michael D. Samuel
Pages
1-9
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD (elemental) increased @ 2 #four shot mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Adult Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge 12 (control); 16 (lab); 63 (field) 0, 931,000 shot/acre (field exposure) or 2 # four shot (lab exposure) TOX-MORT - dose-response data single (lab exposure) 80 d (field exposure) oral intubation (lab exposure) ingestion (field exposure) Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) decreased @ 931,000 shot/acre or 2 #four pellets spleen weight and total white blood cell counts versus controls Both Male and Female Adult Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge 12 (control); 16 (lab); 63 (field) 0, 931,000 shot/acre (field exposure) or 2 # four shot (lab exposure) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects single (lab exposure) 80 d (field exposure) oral intubation (lab exposure) ingestion (field exposure) Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) ppm wet wt: 3.47 (1.38), blood; 32.16 (11.60), liver; 114.78 (28.96), femur @ 2 #four shot mean (2SE) lead concentration in liver, femur and blood Male Adult 11 birds 2 # four shot TOX-EXP IND - accumulation single oral intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) ppm wet wt: 4.15 (3.56), blood; 13.85 (7.96), liver; 577.07 (156.4), femur@ 2 #four shot mean (2SE) lead concentrations in liver, femur and blood Female Adult 5 birds 2 # four shot TOX-EXP IND - accumulation single oral intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) decreased @ 2 #four shot spleen plaque forming cell counts, % packed cell volume versus controls Both Male and Female Adult Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge 16 (2 #four shot) 63 (field exposure) 0, 931,000 shot/acre or 2 # four shot TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects single (shot) 80 d (field exposure) oral intubation (2 #four shot) ingestion (field exposure) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Enzyme changes in mallard ducks fed iron or lead shot

Author(s)
Rozman, Robert S., Louis N. Locke and S. Finley McClure III
Pages
435-445
Year
Issue
3
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
IRON (elemental), LEAD (elemental) increased @ 8 #four iron shot serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity vs controls Female Adult 8/group 0, 4 or 8 #four iron shot, 8 #six lead shot TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single oral intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
IRON (elemental), LEAD (elemental) increased with all treatments incidence of hemosiderosis in liver vs controls Female Adult 8/group 0, 4 or 8 #four iron shot, 8 #six lead shot TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects single oral intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
IRON (elemental), LEAD (elemental) increased @ 8 #four iron shot incidence of inclusion bodies in kidney vs controls Female Adult 8/group 0, 4 or 8 #four iron shot, 8 #six lead shot TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects single oral intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
IRON (elemental), LEAD (elemental) no effect serum enzyme levels versus controls (at 30 or 60 d post dose) Male Adult 2/group 0, 8, 16, 32, 64 #four iron shot TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single oral intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Lead contamination in the mallard (Anas platyrynchos) in Italy

Author(s)
Tirelli, E., N. Maestrini, S. Govoni, E. Catelli and R. Serra
Pages
729-733
Year
Volume
56
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD (elemental) decreased @ > 60 ug/dl blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity Both Male and Female Not Reported World Wildlife Fund Refuge, Tuscany 21 birds 10-120 ug/dl blood (mean 46 +/- 25 sd) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects NR site contamination (primary uptake via ingestion) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of ingested lead on antibody production in mallards (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Trust, Kimberly A., Michael W. Miller, James K. Ringelman and Ian M. Orme
Pages
316-322
Year
Issue
3
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD (elemental) increased @ 7, 14, 21 d post-dose concentration of lead in blood versus controls Male Adult 4/group 0, 1 #four shot plus SRBC immune challenge at 0, 7, 14, 21 d post-dose TOX-EXP IND - accumulation single oral intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) no effect body weight versus controls Male Adult 4/group 0, 1 #four shot plus SRBC immune challenge at 0, 7, 14, 21 d post-dose TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal single oral intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) increased @ 1 #four shot mortality rate by 15 d post-dose versus controls Male Adult 4/group 0, 1 #four shot plus SRBC immune challenge at 0, 7, 14, 21 d post-dose TOX-MORT - dose-response data single oral intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) decreased @ 1 #four shot, 7, 14, 21 d. post-dose agglutination titers to sheep red blood cells versus controls Male Adult 4/group 0, 1 #four shot plus SRBC immune challenge at 0, 7, 14, 21 d post-dose TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single oral intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects on wildlife from use of endrin in Washington state orchards

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J., Charles J. Henny, T. Earl Kaiser and Robert A. Grove
Pages
159-174
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ENDRIN breast muscle=non-detect.; liver=non-detect.-0.05; fat=non-detect.-0.50 ppm, wet wt tissue endrin residues Not Reported Not Reported Wenatchee 7-10 animals 1.3-1.7 kg/ha TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR pesticide application (late fall) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of lead nitrate ingestion on open-field behavior of mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Frederick, Robert B.
Pages
739-742
Year
Issue
6
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD NITRATE no effect (3 or 8 d) open field behavior scores versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 26-28/group 0,5,50,500 ppm lead as lead nitrate TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 3 or 8 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD NITRATE decreased @ 5 ppm (8 d exposure) mean percentage weight gain versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 26-28/group 0,5,50,500 ppm lead as lead nitrate TOX-REPRO - development 3 or 8 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Neurotoxic and teratogenic effects of an organophosphorus insecticide (phenyl phosphorothioic acid-o-ethyl-o-[4-nitrophenyl] ester) on mallard development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and Louis Sileo
Pages
284-294
Year
Volume
73
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
EPN decreased @ 12 ug/g (82%); 36 ug/g (77%); 108 ug/g (70%) percent survival versus controls Not Reported Embryo 10/group 0,12,36,108 ug/g egg TOX-MORT - dose-response data single application to egg surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
EPN decreased @ 12, 36, 108 ug/g brain weight, acetylcholinesterase activity, neurotoxic esterase activity versus controls Not Reported Embryo 10/group 0,12,36,108 ug/g egg TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single application to egg surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
EPN decreased @ 108 ug/g brain protein content versus controls Not Reported Embryo 10/group 0,12,36,108 ug/g egg TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single application to egg surface Toxicity Factor Datasets

Bubo virginianus

Citation:

Effects on wildlife from use of endrin in Washington state orchards

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J., Charles J. Henny, T. Earl Kaiser and Robert A. Grove
Pages
159-174
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ENDRIN breast muscle=0.02 ppm, wet wt tissue endrin residues Not Reported Not Reported Wenatchee 1 animal 1.3-1.7 kg/ha TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR pesticide application (late fall) Toxicity Factor Datasets

Bubo virginianus, Colaptes auratus, Zenaida macroura

Citation:

Effects on wildlife from use of endrin in Washington state orchards

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J., Charles J. Henny, T. Earl Kaiser and Robert A. Grove
Pages
159-174
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ENDRIN brain=greater than or equal to 0.8 ppm, wet wt tissue endrin residues Not Reported Not Reported Wenatchee 1-3 animals 1.3-1.7 kg/ha TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR pesticide application (late fall) Toxicity Factor Datasets
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