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Melospiza melodia

Citation:

Seed preferences and digestive efficiency of cardinals and song sparrows

Author(s)
Willson, Mary F., and Janet C. Harmeson
Pages
225-234
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Food Ingestion Rate 412 (foxtail); or 468 (smartweed); or 85 (hemp); or 3943 (pigweed) estimated number of seeds per hour required at 0 degrees C for active individuals seeds/hour Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Sturnella neglecta

Citation:

Effects of female pairing status and timing of breeding on nesting productivity in western meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta)

Author(s)
Dickinson, T.E., J.B. Falls, and J. Kopachena
Pages
3093-3101
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Nesting first two weeks of May peak time of nest initiation Both Male and Female Adult near Delta, Manitoba 46 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 5.41 mean size of clutches laid early (pre-May 1), mid (May 1-10), or late season (post-May 10) 0.14 SE eggs/clutch Female Adult near Delta, Manitoba 41 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 19/31 proportion of successful nests (hatched at least one egg) in which entire clutch hatched Both Male and Female Adult near Delta, Manitoba 41 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.32 number of young fledged per female 0.06 SE young/female Female Adult near Delta, Manitoba 38 females Exposure Factor Datasets

Canis latrans

Citation:

The distribution and abundance of coyotes: The effects of allochthonous food subsidies from the sea

Author(s)
Rose, Michael D. and Gary A. Polis
Pages
998-1007
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Terrestrial: Reptiles (1.8%); Rodents (21.0%); Lagomorphs (6.6%); Birds (6.3%); Arthropods (5.7%); Vegetation (8.1%) Marine: Reptiles (0.6%); Mammals (0.3%); Fish (12.0%); Birds (16.5%); Arthropods (17.7%); Vegetation (0.6%) average percent occurrence of item in scats from 4 coastal sites % Not Reported Not Reported Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California del Norte [lat., 28^o55' N; long., 113^o30' W] 152 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Terrestrial: Reptiles (7.1%); Rodents (48.0%); Lagomorphs (15.9%); Birds (1.0%); Arthropods (11.8%); Vegetation (15.5%) Marine: Birds (0.3%) average percent occurrence of item in scats from 4 inland sites % Not Reported Not Reported Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California del Norte [lat., 28^o55' N; long., 113^o30' W] 170 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Summer food habits and population density of coyotes, Canis latrans, in boreal forests of sutheastern Quebec

Author(s)
Samson, Claude and Michel Crete
Pages
227-233
Year
Volume
111
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density range of density estimates 0.2 - 0.3 #/10 km2 Both Male and Female Not Reported Gaspesie Conservation Park and Chic-Chocs Game Reserve [lat., 49^o00N'; long., 66^o00' W] Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition see citation figure of monthly average volume (%) of food items in scats during 2 summers Both Male and Female Not Reported Gaspesie Conservation Park and Chic-Chocs Game Reserve [lat., 49^o00N'; long., 66^o00' W] 666 scat samples Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Diet of Coyotes at Lemoore Naval Air Station

Author(s)
Kuenzi, Amy J.
Pages
9-11
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Seeds (54.8%); Fruit (56.9%); Insects (44.1%); California voles (12.9%); Lagomorphs (10.8%); Cricetine rodents (62.4%); Birds (5.4%); Califorina ground squirrels (4.3%); Gophers (2.2%); Amphibians/Reptiles (2.2%) overall % frequency of occurrence of prey items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported Lemoore Naval Air Station 93 scats Exposure Factor Datasets

Rana aurora

Citation:

Effects of introduced bullfrogs and smallmouth bass on microhabitat use, growth, and survival of native red-legged frogs (Rana aurora)

Author(s)
Kiesecker, Joseph M. and Andrew R. Blaustein
Pages
776-787
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean see citation figure of mean mass of larvae with and without bullfrog presence Not Reported Hatchling field enclosures at E.E. Wilson Wildlife Refuge, Benton County 100-150 Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning see citation figure of mean time to metamorphosis with and without bullfrog presence Not Reported Hatchling field enclosures at E.E. Wilson Wildlife Refuge, Benton County 100-150 Exposure Factor Datasets

Rana draytonii

Citation:

Biology of the California red-legged frog: A synopsis

Author(s)
Cook, David
Pages
79-82
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 2-4 yrs Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 3-5 mo Both Male and Female Tadpole Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis July - Sept. Both Male and Female Tadpole Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Ambystoma macrodactylum

Citation:

Interaction between introduced trout and larval salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) in high-elevation lakes

Author(s)
Tyler, Torrey, William J. Liss, Lisa M. Ganio, Gary L. Larson, Robert Hoffman, Elisabeth Deimling and Gregg Lomnicky
Pages
94-105
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density range of larval density estimates in 8 fishless lakes utilizing 3 survey methodologies during day and night 0 - 383 larvae/100 m shoreline Both Male and Female Juvenile North Cascades National Park Service Complex Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Benthic macroinvertebrates (75%): Diptera (66.7); Chironomidae (41.7%); Coleoptera (58.3%); Trichoptera (50%); Ephemeroptera (25%); Amphipoda (16.7%); Plecoptera (8.3%); Pelecypoda (8.3%); Crustacean zooplankton (41.7%): Cladocerans (41.7%); Unidentified (41.7%); Imm. Daphnids (25.0%); Daphnia rosea (25%); Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (16.7%); Chydorus spaericus (8.3%); Copepods (16.7%); Cylopoids (16.7%); Calanoids (8.3%); Harpactacoids (8.3%) % larvae stomachs that contained prey item % Not Reported Juvenile North Cascades National Park Service Complex 13 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Methoxychlor alters hatching and larval startle response in the salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum

Author(s)
Ingermann, R.L., D.C. Bencic and V.P. Eroschenko
Pages
815-821
Year
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 15.4 0.3 SE mg Not Reported Juvenile 3 Exposure Factor Datasets

Anaxyrus boreas

Citation:

Western toad, Bufo boreas, in southern Utah: Notes on a single population along the east fork of the Sevier River

Author(s)
Robinson, Megan, Michael P. Donovan and Terry D. Schwaner
Pages
87-89
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 64.6 mean and range of body weights 52 - 80 g Male Adult Garfield County 17 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 92.9 mean and range of body weight 52 - 115 g Female Adult Garfield County 18 Exposure Factor Datasets

Lithobates catesbeianus

Citation:

Seasonal changes in the cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic responses to temperature and hypoxia in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana

Author(s)
Rocha, Priscila L. and Luiz G.S. Branco
Pages
761-768
Year
Volume
201
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 175.9 8.16 SE g Both Male and Female Adult 30 Exposure Factor Datasets
Inhalation Rate see citation figure of breathing frequency (breaths/min) at various seasons, temperatures and oxygen levels Both Male and Female Adult 6/group Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate see citation figure of oxygen consumption at various body temperatures within seasons Both Male and Female Adult 6/group Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Elevated maintenance costs in an anuran (Rana catesbeiana) exposed to a mixture of trace elements during the embryonic and early larval periods

Author(s)
Rowe, Christopher L., Owen M. Kinney, Roy D. Nagle and Justin D. Congdon
Pages
27-35
Year
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 0.1582 resting oxygen consumption at 23C 0.009 SE ml O2/hr/tadpole Not Reported Tadpole 19 Exposure Factor Datasets

Taricha torosa

Citation:

Modified interactions between salamander life stages caused by wildfire-induced sedimentation

Author(s)
Kerby, J. Lawrence and Lee B. Kats
Pages
740-745
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density range of mean larval density estimates over 2 yrs 1.44 - 3.0 # larvae/m2 Both Male and Female Juvenile Cold Creek, Santa Monica Mountains Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition see citation figure of % of stomachs containing prey items over several yrs Not Reported Adult Cold Creek and Trancas Creek, Santa Monica Mountains 17-52 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Aggression by non-native crayfish deters breeding in California newts

Author(s)
Gamradt, Seth C., Lee B. Kats and Christopher B. Anzalone
Pages
793-796
Year
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density range of mean density estimates for six pools without crayfish over two time periods 0.67 - 1.84 #/10m2 Not Reported Adult Trancas Creek, Santa Monica Mountains Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range of mean density estimates for six pools with crayfish over two time periods 0 - 0.22 #/10 m2 Not Reported Adult Trancas Creek, Santa Monica Mountains Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of solar UV-B radiation on embryonic development in Hyla cadaverina, Hyla regilla and Taricha torosa

Author(s)
Anzalone, Christopher R., Lee B. Kats and Malcolm S. Gordon
Pages
646-653
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - May time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Santa Monica Mountains Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 1-4 masses of 5-30 eggs #/clutch Female Adult Santa Monica Mountains Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Pseudacris regilla

Citation:

Effects of solar UV-B radiation on embryonic development in Hyla cadaverina, Hyla regilla and Taricha torosa

Author(s)
Anzalone, Christopher R., Lee B. Kats and Malcolm S. Gordon
Pages
646-653
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb. - June time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Santa Monica Mountains Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Pseudacris regilla, Taricha torosa

Citation:

Effects of solar UV-B radiation on embryonic development in Hyla cadaverina, Hyla regilla and Taricha torosa

Author(s)
Anzalone, Christopher R., Lee B. Kats and Malcolm S. Gordon
Pages
646-653
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition see citation figure of mean duration from fertilization to hatching in field enclosures Both Male and Female Embryo Santa Monica Mountains 8 replicates of 150 (frogs) or 16-12 (newts) embryos Exposure Factor Datasets

Athene cunicularia

Citation:

Size dimorphism and food habits of North American owls

Author(s)
Earhart, Caroline M., and Ned K. Johnson
Pages
251-264
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 158.6 body weight 120-228 g Male Adult 13 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 150.6 body weight 129-185 g Female Adult 15 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ventilatory responses of the burrowing owl and bobwhite to hypercarbia and hypoxia

Author(s)
Boggs, Dona F. and Delbert L. Kilgore, Jr.
Pages
527-533
Year
Volume
149
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Inhalation Rate 3.27 average resting tidal volume 0.08 SE ml BTPS Not Reported Adult 60 Exposure Factor Datasets
Inhalation Rate 39.7 average resting inhalation rate 1.16 SE per minute Not Reported Adult 60 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 4.28 average resting oxygen consumption 0.12 SE ml STPD/min Not Reported Adult 60 Exposure Factor Datasets

Bubo virginianus

Citation:

Size dimorphism and food habits of North American owls

Author(s)
Earhart, Caroline M., and Ned K. Johnson
Pages
251-264
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 914.2 (pallascens), 991.7 (pacificus), 1154.3 (occidentalis), 1317.8 (virgianus), 1238.6 (wapacuthu) Body weight means for 5 subspecies 319-372 g Male Adult 10-26 individuals/subspecies Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1142.2 (pallascens), 1312.4 (pacificus), 1555.1 (occidentalis), 1768.5 (virgianus), 1556.0 (wapacuthu) body weight means for 5 subspecies g Female Adult 12-29 individuals/subspecies Exposure Factor Datasets

Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. fitchi

Citation:

Intrapopulation variation in ecological energetics of the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis, with analysis of the precision of doubly labeled water measurements

Author(s)
Peterson, Charles C., B. Michael Walton and Albert F. Bennett
Pages
333-349
Year
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 9.18 field metabolic rate ml CO2/g/d Both Male and Female Adult Eagle Lake (elev., 1800 m) 72 Exposure Factor Datasets
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