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| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | 35.17 | consumption of mealworms at 20 deg C | 1.26 SE | kJ/d | Not Reported | Adult | captured at Occidental College, Los Angeles | 6 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | 0.092 | change in snout-vent length measured between recaptures (>1000d) | 0.0071 | mm/d | Female | Adult | Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 0.1-1.0 | birds/acre | Not Reported | Not Reported | Los Banos, Merced | 23-67 birds counted | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Time of Nesting | Mar-Aug | length of nesting period | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
| Clutches or Litters per year | 2 | usual number of nesting attempts per year | nests/yr | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 5 | usual number of eggs laid | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Hatching Success | 3 | estimated average brood size | young/clutch | Not Reported | Juvenile | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | observed range of incubation periods | 12-14 | d | Not Reported | Embryo | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | observed number of days chicks spent in nest | 8-10 | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Growth Rate | 7 | average increase in body weight | g/d | Not Reported | Nestling | 2 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | 4.00 | body weight of average adult | oz | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | 0.25 | body weight of day-old nestling | oz | Not Reported | Nestling | 2 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Dietary Composition | grain (30.8), weed seed (5.3), miscell. vegetable (0.6), Coleoptera (21.3), Orthoptera (20.3), Lepidoptera (12.2), Hemiptera (1.7), Hymenoptera (5.6), Diptera (0.1), Arachnida (0.2), miscell. insects (1.9) | percent contribution to the diet by volume, based on stomach content analyses | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | ~2,000 stomachs | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Territory Size | nesting territory size | 0.2-1.6 | ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | Gibraltar Reservoir | 43-48 pairs (2 yrs) | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Population Density | range of nesting density over two years | 43-48 | pairs/243 ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | Gibraltar Reservoir | 43-48 pairs (2 yrs) | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | percent of nesting pairs that successfully raised at least one young (range over two years) | 26-32 | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | Gibraltar Reservoir | 43-48 pairs (2 yrs) | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Hatching Success | range in proportions of total eggs hatching vs. total eggs laid (for two years) | 147/238 to 147/262 | eggs hatched/eggs produced | Not Reported | Hatchling | Gibraltar Reservoir | 238-262 eggs (two yrs) | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | range in proportions of total chicks fledging vs. total chicks hatched (for two years) | 85/147 - 91/147 | chicks fledged/chicks hatched | Not Reported | Fledgling | Gibraltar Reservoir | 147 eggs hatched (2 yrs) | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutches or Litters per year | annual clutch numbers per pair observed over 2 years | 1-2 | clutches/yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | Gibraltar Reservoir | 43-48 pairs (2 yrs) | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Foraging Distance | up to several hundred yards | maximum observed distance travelled by birds from the nest | Both Male and Female | Adult | Gibraltar Reservoir | 32 pairs (1 yr) | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | mid Jul to early Sep | period of departure from the breeding area by migrants | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Gibraltar Reservoir | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 63 | percent of birds that successfully fledged one young | % | Male | Adult | Gibraltar Reservoir | 98 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 66 | percent of birds that successfully fledged one young | % | Female | Adult | Gibraltar Reservoir | 98 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Survival/ Mortality | 48/312 | proportion of young banded as nestlings or fledglings returning to study area in subsequent yrs | birds returning/birds banded | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | Gibraltar Reservoir | 312 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | review | historical and recent population data | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | review | reproductive success data | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | number of singing males per linear km of suitable habitat | 3-5 | birds/km | Male | Adult | various CA locations | 8 survey sites | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 21 | percent of active nests that fledged at least one young | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | various CA locations | 14 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | approx. 15 | incubation period up to time of pipping | 14d, 21 hr - 15 d, 8 hr | d | Not Reported | Embryo | 8 eggs | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | 84 | percent of eggs hatched of total number laid | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | upper Santa Cruz River | 24 nests, 70 eggs | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 59.9 | percent of eggs producing fledglings of total eggs laid | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | upper Santa Cruz River | 24 nests, 70 eggs | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longevity | 6 -11 | age of oldest identified banded individual | yr-mo | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Territory Size | range in sizes of areas used by nesting pairs | 0.26-3.1 | ac | Both Male and Female | Adult | Lawrence | 9 pairs | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.39 | mean clutch size (over 2 years) | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Lawrence | 33 records | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 14 | d | Not Reported | Embryo | Lawrence | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | period from hatching to leaving nest | 9-12 | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | Lawrence | 8 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutches or Litters per year | number of broods raised in one nesting season | 1-2 | clutches/yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | Lawrence | 9 pairs | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Territory Size | nesting territory size | 2-3 | ac | Both Male and Female | Adult | Bloomington | 5 pairs | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | May 25, 26 (first clutch); June 10, 17 (second clutch) | initiation dates of first and second clutches | Both Male and Female | Adult | Bloomington | 2 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longevity | 12-6 | age of oldest identified banded individual | yr-mo | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
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