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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Interactive effects of boron, selenium, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Caroline J. Sanderson, Leonard J. LeCaptain, Eugene Cromartie and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
288-294
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 15 ppm Se (with and w/out B), 1000 ppm B incidence of plasma chemistry changes versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 1000 ppm B, 15 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B, 60 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B (all treatments were conducted with 7% protein in the diet) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 1000 ppm B hematocrits and hemoglobin concentrations versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 1000 ppm Bo, 15 ppm Se + 1000 ppm Bo, 60 ppm Se + 1000 ppm Bo (all treatments were conducted with 22% protein in the diet) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 15 ppm Se (with or w/out B), and 1000 ppm B hematocrits and hemoglobin concentrations versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 1000 ppm B, 15 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B, 60 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B (all treatments were conducted with 7% protein in the diet) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE 10.8 (@ 15 ppm Se), 56.0 (@ 60 ppm) ppm Se, wet wt 11.0 (@ 1000 ppm B) ppm B, wet wt geometric mean Se and B concentrations in liver Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 1000 ppm B, 15 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B, 60 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B (all treatments were conducted with 22% protein in the diet) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE 22.5 (@ 15 ppm Se w/out B), 41.9 (@ 15 ppm Se w/B) ppm Se, wet wt 13.0 (@ 1000 ppm B) ppm B, wet wt geometric mean Se and B concentrations in liver Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 1000 ppm B, 15 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B, 60 ppm Se + 1000 ppm B (all treatments were conducted with 7% protein in the diet) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effect of age on sensitivity: Acute oral toxicity of 14 pesticides to mallard ducks of several ages

Author(s)
Hudson, R.H., R.K. Tucker and M.A. Haegele
Pages
556-561
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
MONOCROTOPHOS 5.86 (4.70-7.29), 7.21 (5.79-8.98), 5.10 (4.44-5.86), 3.36 (2.77-4.09) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
PROPOXUR 7.38 (5.97-9.14), 12.7 (10.2-15.9), 14.6 (12.4-17.4), 9.58 (7.61-12.1) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
DICROTOPHOS 6.17 (3.33-11.4), 7.03 (5.30-9.31), 6.73 (5.53-8.19), 4.14 (3.33-5.16) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
FENSULFOTHION 0.528, 0.747, 1.06 (0.868-1.29), 0.747 (0.588-0.949) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
ENDRIN 22.3 (9.88-50.3), 3.37 (2.36-4.80), 2.90 (2.17-3.88), 5.33 (3.67-7.73) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBOFURAN 0.370 (0.283-0.484), 0.628 (0.530-0.744), 0.510 (0.410-0.635), 0.415 (0.333-0.516) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
DEMETON 13.3 (11.0-16.2), 15.3 (12.9-18.1), 15.1 (12.0-19.0), 8.19 (6.58-10.2) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
TOXAPHENE (POLYCHLORINATED CAMPHENES) 130 (80.4-210), 30.8 (23.3-40.6), 70.7 (37.6-133) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
MEXACARBATE 3.16 (2.17-4.61), 4.11 (2.70-6.26), 3.61 (2.37-5.49), 3.23 (2.72-3.85), 2.72(2.28-3.23) LD50's determined at ages 48 hr, 7 d, 14 d, 30 d and 60 d, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE 9.78 (6.31-15.2), 3.71 (2.50-5.48), 3.71, 4.81 (2.57-8.99) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 NR TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Single exposure Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of arsenate on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Camardese, Michael B., David J. Hoffman, Leonard J. LeCaptain and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
785-795
Year
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ARSENATE, SODIUM no effect hematocrit and hemoglobin Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 birds/group 0, 30, 100, 300 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ARSENATE, SODIUM increased @ 100 ppm ( 0.4 ppm, dry wt), 300 ppm (0.8 ppm, dry wt) accumulation of arsenic in brain tissue (geometric means in parentheses) Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 birds/group 0, 30, 100, 300 ppm TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Neurotoxic and teratogenic effects of an organophosphorus insecticide (phenyl phosphorothioic acid-o-ethyl-o-[4-nitrophenyl] ester) on mallard development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and Louis Sileo
Pages
284-294
Year
Volume
73
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
EPN decreased @ 12, 36 ug/g brain weight, protein content, acetylcholinesterase and neurotoxic esterase versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 12/group 0,12,36,108 ug/g egg TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single application to egg surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of lead shot ingestion on selected cells of the mallard immune system

Author(s)
Rocke, Tonie E. and Michael D. Samuel
Pages
1-9
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD (elemental) ppm wet wt: 1.40 (0.7), blood; 6.40 (4.92), liver; 38.64 (19.18), femur @ 2 #four shot mean (2SE) lead concentrations in liver, femur and blood Male Adult Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge 31 birds 931,000 shot/acre (field exposure) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 80 d ingestion Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) ppm wet wt: 1.21 (0.78), blood; 2.32 (1.10), liver; 131.13 (90.94), femur @ 2 #four shot mean (2SE) lead concentrations in liver, femur and blood Female Adult Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge 24 birds 931,000 shot/acre (field exposure) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 80 d ingestion Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Methylmercury: Reproductive and behavioral effects on three generations of mallard ducks

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
394-401
Year
Issue
2
Volume
43
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE ppm, wet wt: 0.79-0.86 (egg); 0.89-1.62 (liver); 1.52-1.82 (kidney); 9.03-11.17 (primary feathers); 0.67-0.83 (breast muscle); 0.44-0.59 (brain); 0.51-0.65 (ovary) mean concentration of Hg in tissues (ranges are for 3 generations) Female Adult 3-14 birds/tissue x generation group 0.5 ppm Hg in diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE no effect body weight versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 14 pairs/group 0, 0.5 ppm Hg in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE increased in 2nd generation food consumption versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 14 pairs/group 0, 0.5 ppm Hg in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE decreased in 3rd generation eggshell thickness versus controls Female Adult 14 pairs/group 0, 0.5 ppm Hg in diet TOX-REPRO - physiology NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE increased in 2nd generation proportion of eggs laid outside nestbox Female Adult 14 pairs/group 0, 0.5 ppm Hg in diet TOX-REPRO - behavior NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE no effect hatchability and duckling survival versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 14 pairs/group 0, 0.5 ppm Hg in diet TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE decreased in 3rd generation proportion of ducklings responding to approach and avoidance stimuli Not Reported Juvenile 14 pairs/group 0, 0.5 ppm Hg in diet TOX-REPRO - development NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Influence of laying on lead accumulation in bone of mallard ducks

Author(s)
Finley, M.T.; Dieter, M.P.
Pages
123-129
Year
Volume
4
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD (elemental) no effect body weight compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 20 females, 10 males/group 0, 1, 2 lead shot (206 mg avg wt) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal Single dose (one shot); repeated dose (two shot) Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) no effect egg production versus controls Female Adult 20 females/group 0, 1, 2 lead shot (206 mg avg wt) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success Single dose (one shot); repeated dose (two shot) Gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxicity of organic and inorganic selenium to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., D.J. Hoffman and L.G. Gold
Pages
561-568
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect tarsus length, 10th primary length, heart weight versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group 0, 10 ppm Se as selenomethionine or sodium selenite TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 6 weeks Diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENITE, SODIUM 18(4.8) ppm, wet wt @ 40 ppm; 6.9(2.07) ppm, wet wt @ 80 ppm mean liver concentrations (SE) in ducklings fed selenite that died Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group 0, 10, 20, 40, or 80 ppm Se as sodium selenite TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 6 weeks Diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENOMETHIONINE 60(14.2) ppm, wet wt @ 40 ppm; 51(5.2) ppm, wet wt @ 80 ppm mean liver concentrations (SE) in ducklings fed selenomethionine that died Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group 0, 10, 20, 40, or 80 ppm Se as selenomethionine TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 6 weeks Diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Embryotoxic effects of crude oil in mallard ducks and chicks

Author(s)
Hoffman, D.J.
Pages
183-190
Year
Volume
46
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS decreased @ 1, 5 uL/egg bill length of both sexes Both Male and Female Hatchling 65 eggs/group 0, 1, or 5 uL TOX-REPRO - development Single exposure Topical on eggshell Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Interactive effects of selenium, methionine, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings.

Author(s)
Hoffman, D.J., C.J. Sanderson, L.J. LeCaptain, E. Cromartie and G.W. Pendleton
Pages
163-171
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SELENOMETHIONINE no effect % survival versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15/group 0, 15, or 60 ppm Se; with and without added methionine, and varying protein levels TOX-MORT - dose-response data 4 weeks Dietary Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENOMETHIONINE 11.6 (@15 ppm diet), 48.6 (@ 60 ppm diet) ppm, wet wt geometric mean Se concentration in liver (adequate protein in diet) Not Reported Juvenile 15/group 0, 15, or 60 ppm Se; with and without added methionine, and varying protein levels TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 4 weeks Dietary Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Embryotoxic and biochemical effects of waste crankcase oil on bird's eggs

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., William C. Eastin, Jr. and Martha L. Gay
Pages
230-241
Year
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 5, 15 ul/egg red blood cell and liver ALAD activity, hemoglobin concentration, plasma uric acid, and plasma ALT and AST activities compared to controls Both Male and Female Hatchling 100 eggs/dose 0, 2, 5, 15 ul waste crankcase oil/egg TOX-REPRO - physiology single application to egg surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

The heat production of oiled mallards and scaup

Author(s)
McEwan, E. H. and A.F. Koelink
Pages
27-31
Year
Volume
51
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS increased with light, moderate and heavy oiling thermal conductance of feathers and body heat loss versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 3 birds/treatment 0, light, moderate, and heavy exposure TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal single exposure, 1-4 hrs in bathing water Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxicity and estimated water quality criteria values in mallard ducklings exposed to pentachlorophenol

Author(s)
Nebeker, A.V., W.L. Griffis and G.S. Schuytema
Pages
33-36
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
PENTACHLOROPHENOL decrease @ 961 ug/g total body weight, compared to control; reported as the LOAEL for the study Not Reported Juvenile 6/dose 25.0, 54.2, 105.0, 233.2, 423.2, 961.0 ug/g diet TOX-REPRO - development 11 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
PENTACHLOROPHENOL no effect @ 423.2 ug/g total body weight, compared to control; reported as the NOAEL for the study Not Reported Juvenile 6/dose 25.0, 54.2, 105.0, 233.2, 423.2, 961.0 ug/g diet TOX-REPRO - development 11 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
PENTACHLOROPHENOL 22.2 +/- 5.5 ug/g lipid, 30.7 +/- 10.3 ug/g liver, 11.0 +/- 0 ug/g muscle, 4.0 +/- 1.4 ug/g brain at 961 ug/g diet mean +/- SD tissue concentrations at the reported LOAEL (development) Not Reported Juvenile 4-6 25.0, 54.2, 105.0, 233.2, 423.2, 961.0 ug/g diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 11 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
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