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Aechmophorus occidentalis (Western Grebe)

Citation:

Differentiating Sex and Species of Western Grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's Grebes (Aechmophorus clarkii) and Their Eggs Using External Morphometrics and Discriminant Function Analysis.

Author(s)
Hartman, C.A., Ackerman, J.T., Eagles-Smith, C.A. and Herzog, M.P.
Issue
1
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 1309 162 g M Adult 189 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1058 129 g F Adult 194 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Assessing the breeding success of the western grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) after 40 years of environmental changes at Delta Marsh, Manitoba.

Author(s)
Porte, N.L., Koper, N. and Leston, L.
Issue
1
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Nesting See citation Table 1 Nest initation dates Adult Delta Marsh, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 1973: 46, 1974: 84, 2009: 49, 2010: 43 Nest survival % Embryo Delta Marsh, Manitoba 1973: 195. 1974: 181, 2009: 211, 2010: 445 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Brood Size and Nesting Phenology in Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's Grebe (Aechmophorus clarkii) in Northern California.

Author(s)
Robison, K.M., Anderson, D.W. and Robison, R.E.
Issue
38
Volume
1
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size See citation Table 1 Brood size as % of n Embryo Clear Lake See citation Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size See citation Table 2 Brood size as % of n Embryo Eagle Lake See citation Exposure Factor Datasets

Aechmophorus occidentalis

Citation:

The diving and feeding activity of the western grebe on the breeding grounds

Author(s)
Lawrence, George E.
Pages
3-16
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Ascaradina (3), Gastropoda (10, Orthoptera (2), Hemiptera (2), Diptera (1), Coleoptera (4), Siluridae (4), Centrarchidae (77), plant (4) % of total stomach content volume % Not Reported Adult Clear Lake 27 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 22.4 estimated mass of fish consumed daily, based on stomach contents g Not Reported Adult Clear Lake 1 bird Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Estimation and testing of parametersin Richard's growth model for western grebes

Author(s)
White, Gary C. and John T. Ratti
Pages
315-323
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Growth Rate -0.1321 growth rate coefficient estimate based on Richard's growth model Both Male and Female Juvenile Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge (collection site) 4 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean estimated initial weights 27.524-30.510 g Both Male and Female Juvenile Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge (collection site) 4 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean estimates of asymptotic weights 1065.4-1120.9 g Both Male and Female Juvenile Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge (collection site) 4 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Western grebe, Aechmophorus occidentalis, wintering biology and contaminant accumulation in Commencement Bay, Puget Sound, Washington

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus and Robert A. Grove
Pages
460-472
Year
Issue
3
Volume
104
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean range of mean body weights 1530-1583 g Male Both Adults and Juveniles Commencement Bay 18 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of mean body weights 1108-1406 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles Commencement Bay 22 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting ecology and production of western grebes at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah

Author(s)
Lindvall, Mark L. and Jessop B. Low
Pages
66-70
Year
Issue
1
Volume
84
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying early July peak of laying period Female Adult Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 386 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 24 incubation period 21-28 d Both Male and Female Embryo Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 14 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.6 mean clutch size 1-4 eggs Female Adult Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 70 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 21% percent of nests located in emergent vegetationin which at least one chick hatched Both Male and Female Hatchling Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 221 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The breeding populations of piscivorous birds of Eagle Lake

Author(s)
Lederer, Roger J.
Pages
771-772
Year
Issue
3
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 2400 annual number of individuals censused birds/lake Both Male and Female Not Reported Eagle Lake, 42 km NW of Susanville 1 lake Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of DDE, TDEm and PCBs on shell thickness of western grebe eggs, Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah - 1973-74

Author(s)
Lindvall, Mark L. and Jessop B. Low
Pages
108-111
Year
Issue
3
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-) decreased compared with pre-1940 eggs eggshell thickness index (Ratcliffe's Index) Not Reported Embryo Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 93 eggs 6.6 ppm DDE, 1.3 ppm DDD in eggs, wet wt TOX-REPRO - physiology NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine pesticide and PCB residues in western grebes from Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge

Author(s)
Lindvall, Mark and Jessop B. Low
Pages
754-760
Year
Issue
6
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) 12.8 ppm DDE, 0.8 ppm DDD, wet wt mean concentration in breast muscle Not Reported Adult Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 24 birds 0.01-0.02 ppm DDE in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 61.5 ppm DDE, 5.2 ppm DDD, wet wt mean concentration in visceral fat Not Reported Adult Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 18 birds 0.01-0.02 ppm DDE in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 0.55 ppm DDE, 0.07 ppm DDD, wet wt mean concentration in blood Not Reported Adult Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 16 birds 0.01-0.02 ppm DDE in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 6.6 ppm DDE, 1.3 ppm DDD, wet wt mean concentration in whole eggs Not Reported Embryo 40 eggs 0.01-0.02 ppm DDE in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet (parental) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine chemical residues in white pelicans and western grebes from the Klamath Basin, California

Author(s)
Boellstorff, D.E., H.M. Ohlendorf, D.W. Anderson, E.J. O'Neill, J.O. Keith and R.M.Prouty
Pages
485-493
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS no effect eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 measurements Not Reported Embryo Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge 29 eggs 1.4 ppm DDE, 0.18 ppm DDT+DDD, 2.21 ppm PCBs in eggs TOX-REPRO - physiology NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mercury levels, reproduction, and hematology in western grebes from three California Lakes

Author(s)
Elbert, Ruth Anne and Daniel W. Anderson
Pages
210-213
Year
Issue
2
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
MERCURY COMPOUNDS positive correlation Hg concentration in brain correlation with P and K concentrations in blood Not Reported Adult Clear Lake, Tule Lake, Eagle Lake 11 birds 0.13-0.28 ppm in brain, wet wt (location means) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 0.001 (Clear Lake), 0.16 (Tule Lake) productivity (young to adult ratios) at study locations Not Reported Adult Clear Lake, Tule Lake 13 birds, Clear Lake; 5 birds, Tule Lake 2.74 (0.89 SD) ppm, wet wt, in liver (Clear Lake); 1.22 (0.08 SD) ppm, wet wt, in liver (Tule Lake) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
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