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Phalacrocorax auritus

Citation:

Hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase-inducing potency in ovo and cytosolic Ah receptor binding affinity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: comparison of four avian species

Author(s)
Sanderson, J. Thomas and Gail D. Bellward
Pages
131-145
Year
Volume
132
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect body and organ weights Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose 0, 1, 3, 10, 100 ug/kg TOX-REPRO - development incubation day 22 to hatch egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) observed at 3, 10, 100 ug/kg edema Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose 0, 1, 3, 10, 100 ug/kg TOX-REPRO - development incubation day 22 to hatch egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased at 10, 100 ug/kg hepatic microsomal cytP450 content Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose 0, 1, 3, 10, 100 ug/kg TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers incubation day 22 to hatch egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased at 3, 10, 100 ug/kg hepatic microsomal EROD activity Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose 0, 1, 3, 10, 100 ug/kg TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers incubation day 22 to hatch egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury in wild cormorants, pelicans, their eggs, food and environment

Author(s)
Greichus, Yvonne A. Greichus and R.J. Emerick
Pages
321-328
Year
Issue
6
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 250 Ratio of carcass concentration (4.6 ppm wet wt) to dietary concentration of PCBs Not Reported Adult Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake 10 carcasses <0.05-0.11 PCBs, <0.05-0.11 mercury, 0.016-0.092 OC insecticides; ppm (wet wt) in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 5.7 ppm wet wt PCBs concentration in eggs Female Adult Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake 5 eggs <0.05-0.11 PCBs, <0.05-0.11 mercury, 0.016-0.092 OC insecticides; ppm (wet wt) in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.24 ppm wet wt PCBs concentration in carcass Not Reported Juvenile Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake 5 birds <0.05-0.11 PCBs, <0.05-0.11 mercury, 0.016-0.092 OC insecticides; ppm (wet wt) in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 14 Ratio of concentration in carcass (0.64 ppm wet wt mercury) to dietary concentration (fish) Not Reported Adult Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake 10 carcasses <0.05-0.11 PCBs, <0.05-0.11 mercury, 0.016-0.092 OC insecticides; ppm (wet wt) in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.29 ppm wet wt mercury mean concentration in eggs Female Adult Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake 5 eggs <0.05-0.11 PCBs, <0.05-0.11 mercury, 0.016-0.092 OC insecticides; ppm (wet wt) in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.28 ppm wet wt mercury concentration in liver Not Reported Nestling Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake 5 birds <0.05-0.11 PCBs, <0.05-0.11 mercury, 0.016-0.092 OC insecticides; ppm (wet wt) in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 7.98 ppm wet wt mercury concentration in liver Both Male and Female Adult Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake 5 birds <0.05-0.11 PCBs, <0.05-0.11 mercury, 0.016-0.092 OC insecticides; ppm (wet wt) in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Heavy metal and metallothionein concentrations in Atlantic Canadian seabirds

Author(s)
Elliott, J.E., A.M. Scheuhammer, F.A. Leighton and P.A. Pearce
Pages
63-73
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CADMIUM (elemental), MERCURY (elemental) no correlation correlation of mean metallothionein concentration (13.2-24.4 ug/g tissue) and metal concentrations in kidneys Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles Heron Is., Manawagonish Is., Ile aux pommes 24 birds 0.03-6.3 ug Cd/g kidney, 0.77-12.9 ug Hg/g kidney, dry wt TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Polychlorinated biphenyl residues and egg mortality in double-crested cormorants from the Great Lakes

Author(s)
Tillit, Donald E., Gerald T. Ankley, John P. Giesy, James P. Ludwig, Hiroko Kurita-Matsuba, D. Vaughn Weseloh, Peter S. Ross, Christine A. Bishop, Lou Sileo, Ken L. Stromborg, Jill Larson, Timothy J. Kubiak
Pages
1281-1288
Year
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS positive correlation correlation of embryo mortality with TCDD equivalents in eggs Not Reported Embryo Great Lakes 11 colonies @ 25-50 nests/colony 35-344 pg TCDD eq/g wet wt TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive failures of double-crested cormorants in southern California and Baja California

Author(s)
Gress, Franklin, Robert W. Risebrough, Daniel W. Anderson, Lloyd F. Kiff and Joseph R. Jehl, Jr.
Pages
197-208
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 28.8% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult Anacapa Island 17 eggs 754 ppm DDE, 87 ppm PCBs, 2.1 ppm DDD, 7.0 ppm DDT in egg yolk lipids TOX-REPRO - physiology NR parent diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 38.3% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult Los Coronados Island 23 eggs 574 ppm DDE, 422 ppm PCBs, 13.8 ppm DDD, 5.5 ppm DDT in egg yolk lipids TOX-REPRO - physiology NR parent diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentacholorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected cormorant eggs injected into double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs

Author(s)
Powell, Debra C., Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Donald E. Tillit, Jon F. Powell, Janelle C. Restum, Kenneth L. Stromborg, John P. Giesy and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
1450-1455
Year
Issue
7
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 400, 800 ug/kg egg incidence of embryo mortality versus controls Not Reported Embryo 15-60/group 0,5,10,25,50,100,200,400,800 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - reproductive success incubation period egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 5 ug/kg egg weights of heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 8-29/group 0,5,10,25,50,100,200,400,800 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - development incubation period egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased at 4.0 ug/kg egg incidence of embryo mortality versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 58-60/group 0,0.06,0.25,1.0,4.0 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - reproductive success incubation period egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect weight of brain, heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported 0,0.06,0.25,1.0,4.0 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - development incubation period egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive success, developmental anomalies, and environmental contaminants in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Author(s)
Larson, Jill M., William H. Karasov, Louis Sileo, Kenneth L. Stromborg, Barbara A. Hanbidge, John P. Giesy, Paul D. Jones, Donald E. Tillitt and David A. Verbrugge
Pages
553-559
Year
Issue
4
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased compared with reference hatching success (# hatched/# eggs) Both Male and Female Hatchling Spider Is., Lake Michigan 466 and 953 nests (2 yrs) 7.34-8.22 ug/g egg (1.03 ug/g egg, reference site) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased compared with reference clutch size Female Adult Spider Is., Lake Michigan 466 and 953 nests (2 yrs) 7.34-8.22 ug/g egg (1.03 ug/g egg, reference site) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased compared with reference proportion of nestlings with bill defects Both Male and Female Hatchling Spider Is., Lake Michigan 1,511 and 2,700 chicks (2 yrs) 7.34-8.22 ug/g egg (1.03 ug/g egg, reference site) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Accumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents by double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus, Pelicaniformes) chicks in the North American Great Lakes

Author(s)
Jones, P.D., J.P. Giesy, J.L. Newsted, D.A. Verbrugge, J.P. Ludwig, M.E. Ludwig, H.J. Auman, R. Crawford, D.E. Tillitt, T.J. Kubiak, and D.A. Best
Pages
192-209
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 31.3 mean biomagnification factor for eggs from forage fish 11.7-56.8 Female Adult 12 eggs/site x 5 sites 5.8-24.4 pgTCDD equivalents/g fish, wet wt, (5 sites) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 162.4 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained (from eggs to largest chicks) Not Reported Nestling Green Bay, Lake Michigan 20 chicks 24.4 pg TCDD equivalents/g fish, wet wt TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 100.4 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained from egg to largest chick stage Not Reported Nestling Beaver Islands, Lake Michigan 20 chicks 5.8 pg TCDD equivalents/g fish, wet wt TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 37.6 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained (from eggs to largest chicks) Not Reported Nestling Thunder Bay, Lake Huron 20 chicks 18.1 pg TCDD equivalents/g fish, wet wt TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 28.3 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained (from eggs to largest chicks) Not Reported Nestling North Channel, Lake Huron 20 chicks 7.6 pg TCDD equivalents/g fish, wet wt TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 47.5 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained (from eggs to largest chicks) Not Reported Nestling St. Martin's Shoal, Lake Huron 20 chicks 11.1 pg TCDD equivalents/g fish, wet wt TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces hepatic cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonic acid epoxygenation in diverse avian orders: regioisomer selectivity and immunochemical comparison of the TCDD-induced P450s to CYP1A4 and 1A5

Author(s)
Gilday, D., G.D. Bellward, J.T. Sanderson, D.M. Janz, and A.B. Rifkind
Pages
106-116
Year
Volume
150
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS increased P-450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism by liver microsomes Not Reported Embryo 3 100 ug/kg egg TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers 5-6 d egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Double-crested cormorants of the Great Lakes: egg-laying parameters, reproductive failure, and contaminant residues in eggs, Lake Huron 1972-1973.

Author(s)
Weseloh, D. Vaughn, Stanley M. Teeple, and Michael Gilbertson
Pages
427-436
Year
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 95% percent of eggs lost or broken before hatching in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo Lake Huron 235 eggs mean ppm in 18 eggs, wet wt: 14.5 (DDE), 0.22 (DDT), 0.17 (DDD), 23.8 (PCBs), 0.33 (dieldrin), 0.04 (heptachlor epoxide), 0.01 (hexachlorobenzene), 0.46 (Hg) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 23.9% thinner eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 eggshells in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo Lake Huron 18 eggs mean ppm in 18 eggs, wet wt: 14.5 (DDE), 0.22 (DDT), 0.17 (DDD), 23.8 (PCBs), 0.33 (dieldrin), 0.04 (heptachlor epoxide), 0.01 (hexachlorobenzene), 0.46 (Hg) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 2.4% mean hatching success in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo Lake Huron 331 eggs mean ppm in 18 eggs, wet wt: 14.5 (DDE), 0.22 (DDT), 0.17 (DDD), 23.8 (PCBs), 0.33 (dieldrin), 0.04 (heptachlor epoxide), 0.01 (hexachlorobenzene), 0.46 (Hg) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.06-0.11 (1972); 0.3 (1973) fledging success (young/nest) in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo Lake Huron 42 (1973)-66 (1972) nests mean ppm, wet wt: 14.5 (DDE), 0.22 (DDT), 0.17 (DDD), 23.8 (PCBs), 0.33 (dieldrin), 0.04 (heptachlor epoxide), 0.01 (hexachlorobenzene), 0.46 (Hg) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans on fish-eating birds

Author(s)
Bosveld, A.T.C. (Bart), and Martin Van den Berg
Pages
147-166
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review incidence of embryonic deformities, depressed growth Embryo, Juvenile Not Reported NR TOX-REPRO - development NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS review enzyme induction Not Reported NR TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin injected into the yolks of double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs prior to incubation

Author(s)
Powell, Debra, Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Don E. Tillitt, Mary E. Kelly, Kenneth L. Stromborg, Mark J. Melancon, Scott D. Fitzgerald, and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
2035-2040
Year
Issue
10
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased @ 5.4, 10.7, 11.7 ug/kg egg mortality in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba 83-86 eggs/treatment 0, 1.3, 5.4, 10.7, 11.7 ug/kg egg TOX-MORT - dose-response data 26-28 d egg yolk injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased @ 175, 349, 698 ug/kg egg mortality in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba 83-86 eggs/treatment 0, 70, 175, 349, 698 ug/kg egg TOX-MORT - dose-response data 26-28 d egg yolk injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 4.0 ug/kg egg (0.8-7.2) LD50 (95% confidence limits) Not Reported Embryo Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba 83-86 eggs/treatment 0, 1.3, 5.4, 10.7, 11.7 ug/kg egg TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 26-28 d egg yolk injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) 177 ug/kg egg (77-264) LD50 (95% confidence limits) Not Reported Embryo Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba 83-86 eggs/treatment 0, 70, 175, 349, 698 ug/kg egg TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 26-28 d egg yolk injection Toxicity Factor Datasets

Anas platyrhynchos, Phalacrocorax auritus

Citation:

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans on fish-eating birds

Author(s)
Bosveld, A.T.C. (Bart), and Martin Van den Berg
Pages
147-166
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review incidence of reproductive effects Both Adults and Juveniles, Embryo Not Reported NR TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
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