Turtles and tortoises (Testudines)

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Displaying 540 data points

Pacific Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS 0.80 ± 0.50 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
COPPER (elemental) 2.13 ± 1.95 µg/g ww Liver concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
COPPER (elemental) Review Kidney concentration Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets JAPAN
LEAD (elemental) Blood concentration Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets SPAIN
LEAD (elemental) Review Blood concentration Queensland Toxicity Factor Datasets AUSTRALIA
PCB Range: <1.6-26 ng/g Fat concentration Male 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
ZINC (elemental) Tumor score 0: 3.44, score 1: 2.00, score 2: 3.62, score 3: 5.10 µg/g dw Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE 42.49 ± 32.91 ng/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 10 Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM (elemental) 0.21 ± 0.038 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 12 Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
COPPER (elemental) Review Eggshell concentration Not Reported Embryo 30 Hong Kong Toxicity Factor Datasets CHINA
ZINC (elemental) 13.58 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 14 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)

Citation:

Habits and home range of the Pacific pond turtle, Clemmys marmorata, in a stream community

Author(s)
Bury, Richard Bruce
Pages
205
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 133 average distance moved along stream between relocations m Not Reported Juvenile 18 Hayfork Creek (elev., 610m) Exposure Factor Datasets Trinity
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Oct. - May Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 578 marked turtles Hayfork Creek (elev., 610m) Exposure Factor Datasets Trinity
Population Density 214 density also reported as 333-347 turtles/mile of stream or 85 turtles/acre #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 578 marked turtles Hayfork Creek (elev., 610m) Exposure Factor Datasets Trinity
Citation:

Feeding ecology of the turtle, Clemmys marmorata

Author(s)
Bury, R. Bruce
Pages
515-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Algae (2.00); Nematomorpha (0.25); Crustacea (2.55); Araneae (0.15); Odonata nymphs (10.15); Ephemeroptera nymphs (4.60); Trichoptera larvae (17.25); Hemiptera nymphs (0.58); Hemiptera adults (0.41); Orthoptera adults (1.60); Coleoptera larvae (7.95); Coleoptera adults (0.48); Diptera larvae (4.45), Diptera adults (0.30); Osteichthyes (0.90); Amphibia (1.20); Other (0.80) volume (cc) of food items in stomach contents determined by water displacement cc Not Reported Juvenile 30 Hayfork Creek (elev., 750m) Exposure Factor Datasets Trinity
Dietary Composition Algae (18.00); Other vegetation (0.30); Nematomorpha (0.05); Crustacea (10.10); Araneae (0.15); Odonata nymphs (4.05); Ephemeroptera nymphs (0.15); Trichoptera larvae (19.80); Hemiptera nymphs (0.40); Hemiptera adults (0.30); Orthoptera adults (0.55); Coleoptera larvae (5.15); Coleoptera adults (0.30); Diptera larvae (0.66), Diptera adults (0.10); Osteichthyes (0.20); Amphibia (4.05); Other (1.35) volume (cc) of food items in stomach contents determined by water displacement cc Female Adult 27 Hayfork Creek (elev., 750m) Exposure Factor Datasets Trinity
Dietary Composition Algae (4.00); Other vegetation (0.50); Crustacea (5.55); Odonata nymphs (5.00); Ephemeroptera nymphs (2.91); Trichoptera larvae (7.40); Hemiptera nymphs (0.10); Hemiptera adults (0.10); Orthoptera adults (0.20); Coleoptera larvae (0.75); Coleoptera adults (0.10); Diptera larvae (9.15); Osteichthyes (10.90); Amphibia (7.80); Other (0.50) volume (cc) of food items in stomach contents determined by water displacement cc Male Adult 20 Hayfork Creek (elev., 750m) Exposure Factor Datasets Trinity
Citation:

Notes on the range and life history of the Pacific fresh-water turtle, Clemmys marmorata

Author(s)
Storer, Tracy I.
Pages
429-441
Year
Issue
5
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Sept. - Mar. Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying June - Aug. time of egg deposition Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean lb, oz Both Male and Female Adult 9 Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Notes on reproduction in Clemmys marmorata

Author(s)
Feldman, Mark
Pages
10-11
Year
Issue
1
Volume
13
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 4 Umpqua River, Roseburg, Douglas County Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation time from egg to hatching at 25-30C d Not Reported Embryo 13 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Reproductive parameters of Pacific pond turtles Clemmys marmorata in the streams on the coast of central California

Author(s)
Scott, Norman J., Jr., Galen B. Rathbun, Thomas G. Murphey and Margaret B. Harker
Publisher
American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 5.69 average clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 81 clutches Arroyo Laguna, Little Pico Creek, Pico Creek and San Simeon Creek Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year range of average number of clutches/yr clutches/yr Female Adult 81 clutches Arroyo Laguna, Little Pico Creek, Pico Creek and San Simeon Creek Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Clemmys marmorata (western pond turtle) size

Author(s)
McKeown, Sean and Dan C. Holland
Pages
59
Year
Issue
2
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 854 maximum reported body weight g Male Adult 450 largest turtle found near Huron Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Citation:

Nesting behavior and movements of western pond turtles, Clemmys marmorata

Author(s)
Rathbun, Galen B., Nancy Siepel and Dan Holland
Pages
319-324
Year
Issue
3
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range median daily movement m Not Reported Adult 4 Arroyo Laguna-Oak Knoll Creek, San Simeon Point Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo
Home Range mean daily movement m Not Reported Adult 4 Arroyo Laguna-Oak Knoll Creek, San Simeon Point Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo
Citation:

Comparative demography of Clemmys marmorata populations in the Trinity River of California in the context of dam-induced alterations

Author(s)
Reese, Devin A. and Hartwell H. Welsh, Jr
Pages
505-515
Year
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range in density estimates at 2 locations #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Trinity River Exposure Factor Datasets Trinity

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Health studies of free-ranging Mojave desert tortoises in Utah and Arizona

Author(s)
Dickinson, Vanessa M., Timothy Duck, Cecil R. Schwalbe and James L. Jarchow
Pages
1-70
Publisher
Arizona Game and Fish Department Research Branch, Technical Report No. 21
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 2.65 median carapace length = 237.6 mm kg Female Adult 20 City Creek and Paradise Canyon, Washington County, UT and Littlefield, Mohave County, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets 0.39 SD
Citation:

Seasonal and annual energy budgets of female desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)

Author(s)
Henen, Brian T.
Pages
283-296
Year
Issue
1
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 1578 annual, time-weighted body mass g Female Adult 9 Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 244 SD
Body Weight - Mean 32.9 egg weight g Not Reported Embryo 6 Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 5.1 SD
Body Fat (total or %) 6.13 % lipid content of fresh egg mass % Not Reported Embryo 6 Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Clutch or Litter Size 3.56 estimated by x-raying females eggs/female Female Adult 9 Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 1.94 SD
Metabolic Rate range of mean field metabolic rates, estimated using doubly labeled water kJ/d Female Adult 9 Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Sept. - Mar. Female Adult 9 Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Growth of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizi) in Nevada

Author(s)
Medica, Philip A., R. Bruce Bury and Frederick B. Turner
Pages
639-643
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1975
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Growth Rate 9.1 average annual growth rate estimated from plastron length mm/yr Both Male and Female 22 Rock Valley, Nye County Exposure Factor Datasets 3.3 - 10.1 yr 0.4 SE
Body Weight - Mean BW = 0.000258(PL)^2.98 Body weight (BW; 30-3000g) to plastron length (PL; 30-300 mm) relationship g Both Male and Female Not Reported 83 Rock Valley, Nye County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A comparison of populations of desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi, in grazed and ungrazed areas in Ivanpah Valley, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Philip A. Medica and Craig L. Lyons
Pages
139-162
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size range of mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Not Reported 7-15 Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Home range size and movements by desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii, in the eastern Mojave desert

Author(s)
O'Connor, Michael P., Linda C. Zimmerman, Douglas E. Ruby, Susan J. Bulova and James R. Spotila
Pages
60-71
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range minimum convex polygon home ranges determined from telemetered tortoises recaptured at least 17 times, corrected for # of sightings ha Both Male and Female Not Reported 15 animals Desert Tortoise Conservation Center, Las Vegas (elev., 800 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction and survival of the desert tortoise (Scaptochelys agassizii) in Ivanpah Valley, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Philip A. Medica and Craig L. Lyons
Pages
811-820
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1984
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year range of means for 2 yr period clutches/yr Female Adult 15-40 animals Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Survival/ Mortality range of annual mortality rates from 1980 and 1981 % Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Young desert tortoise survival: Energy, water and food requirements in the field

Author(s)
Nagy, Kenneth A., David J. Morafka and Rebecca A. Yates
Pages
396-404
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Food Ingestion Rate 160 estimated amount fresh food consumed during first year of life (average body mass = 35 g) g Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Fort Irwin National Training Center, Barstow Exposure Factor Datasets 1 yr San Bernardino
Citation:

Growth and age at maturity of North American tortoises in relation to regional climates

Author(s)
Germano, David J.
Pages
918-931
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Age at Sexual Maturity determined from ages at which females exceeded the minimum carapace length for tortoises with eggs yr Female Adult Not Reported Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means mm/yr Both Male and Female 33 - 101 animals/site Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts Exposure Factor Datasets 0-4 yrs
Growth Rate mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means mm/yr Both Male and Female 38 - 112 animals/site Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts Exposure Factor Datasets 4-8 yrs
Growth Rate mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means mm/yr Both Male and Female 36 - 105 animals/site Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts Exposure Factor Datasets 8-12 yrs
Growth Rate mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means mm/yr Both Male and Female 12 - 41 animals/site Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts Exposure Factor Datasets 16-20 yrs
Growth Rate mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means mm/yr Both Male and Female 25-69 animals/site Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts Exposure Factor Datasets 12-16 yrs
Citation:

Changes in desert tortoise populations at four study sites in California

Author(s)
Berry, Kristin H., Lori L. Nicholson, Steve Juarez and A. Peter Woodman
Pages
60-80
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 2 yrs western Mojave desert, Fremont Peak Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 4.8 annual mortality rate for subadults and adults between 1973 and 1985 %/yr Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported western Mojave desert, Fremont Peak Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range of 95% confidence intervals #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 2 yrs western Mojave desert, Kramer Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 2.9 annual mortality rate for subadults and adults between 1980 and 1982 %/yr Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 2 yrs western Mojave desert, Kramer Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range of 95% confidence intervals #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 2 yrs Colorado desert, Chemehuevi Wash and Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 2.2 annual mortality rate for subadults and adults from 1975 and 1982 %/yr Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Colorado desert, Chemehuevi Wash and Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range of 95% confidence intervals #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 2 yrs Colorado desert, Chuckwalla Bench Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 2.3 annual mortality rate for subadults and adults from 1973 and 1982 %/yr Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Colorado desert, Chuckwalla Bench Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth in captive Gopherus agassizi

Author(s)
Patterson, Robert and Bayard Brattstrom
Pages
169-171
Year
Issue
2
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Growth Rate 45.6 (0-hatching); 78.2 (0-5 yrs); 122.6 (5-10 yrs); 164.2 (10-15 yrs); 232.0 (15-20 yrs); 257.3 (20-25 yrs); 274.0 (25-30 yrs) mean carapace length for tortoises aged 0 - 30 yrs. mm Not Reported 1-6 animals/age group Exposure Factor Datasets 0 - 30 yrs Laboratory
Citation:

Size-specific fecundity of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)

Author(s)
Mueller, James M., Kamila R. Sharp, Katherine K. Zander, Danny L. Rakestraw, Kurt R. Rautenstrauch and Patrick E. Lederle
Pages
313-319
Year
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutches or Litters per year 8.2 mean annual fecundity for tortoises with mean carapace length of 247.4 mm eggs/yr Female Adult 30 Yucca Mountain, Nye County (elev., 1000-1500m) [lat., 36^o51'; long., 116^o25' W] Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 SE
Clutch or Litter Size range of mean clutch size over 3 years in two sample groups eggs/clutch Female Adult 10-25 Yucca Mountain, Nye County (elev., 1000-1500m) [lat., 36^o51'; long., 116^o25' W] Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Impact of military activities on the desert tortoise at the Mojave "B" ranges

Author(s)
Nicholson, Lori, Michael J. O'Farrell and John F. Westermeier
Pages
109-112
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density #/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported China Lake Naval Weapons Center Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Age-size relationships of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizi) in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Philip A. Medica and R. Bruce Bury
Pages
974-979
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1987
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Growth Rate PL(mm) = 7.25(Age) + 50.1 linear regression equation relating plastron length (PL; 48-221 mm) to Age (1-26 yrs) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 animals; repeated measurements Rock Valley, Nye County (elev., 1020m) Exposure Factor Datasets 0-26 yrs
Age at Sexual Maturity yr Female Adult Not Reported Rock Valley, Nye County (elev., 1020m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size determined by x-ray examination of females eggs/clutch Female Adult 3 animals Rock Valley, Nye County (elev., 1020m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Studies of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)

Author(s)
Woodbury, Angus M. and Ross Hardy
Pages
145-200
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean g Both Male and Female Not Reported 41 animals Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County (elev., 3200-3500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.25 #/acre Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County (elev., 3200-3500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 50 acres Both Male and Female Not Reported NE Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Not Reported Not Reported Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County (elev., 3200-3500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying early summer laying Female Not Reported Not Reported Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County (elev., 3200-3500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity yr Female Adult Not Reported Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County (elev., 3200-3500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecological energetics of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii): Effects of rainfall and drought

Author(s)
Peterson, Charles C.
Pages
1831-1844
Year
Issue
6
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Metabolic Rate see citation figure of seasonal changes in metabolic rates L CO2/kg/d Male Adult 6-11 Desert Tortoise Natural Area, California City (elev. 869-945 m) [lat., 35^o10'N, long., 118^o10'W] and Ivanpah Valley (elev., 866-914 m) [35^o39'N, 115^o15' W] Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal reproductive cycle of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the eastern Mojave desert

Author(s)
Rostal, David C., Valentine A. Lance, Janice S. Grumbles and Allison C. Alberts
Pages
72-82
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr.-May and Aug.-Nov. Both Male and Female Adult 50 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Time of Nesting May-July Female Adult 50 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Oct. - Apr. Both Male and Female Adult 50 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size 4.68 eggs/female eggs/female Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.3 SE Laboratory
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Egg production by the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Page Hayden, Betty L. Burge and Jan B. Roberson
Pages
93-104
Year
Issue
1
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size range of means for 3 yrs; based on x-ray examination (overall range = 1-8) eggs/clutch Female Adult 20-26 animals Ivanpah Valley, Goffs Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Clutches or Litters per year range of means for 3 yrs; overall range = 1-3 clutches/yr Female Adult 20-26 animals Ivanpah Valley, Goffs Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Time of Mating/ Laying May - June egg laying Female Adult 20-26 animals Ivanpah Valley, Goffs Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Accelerated growth rate and early maturity in Gopherus agassizi (Reptilia: Testudines)

Author(s)
Jackson, Crawford G., Jr., John A. Trotter, Thomas H. Trotter and Mary W. Trotter
Pages
139-145
Year
Issue
2
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean BW = 0.00049(CL)^2.795 Body Weight (BW;150 - 1500 g) and carapace length (CL; 100-300 mm) relationship g Not Reported 7 data points, each based on the average of 4 animals Exposure Factor Datasets 0-3 yr post-hatch Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 413 g Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets 1 yr post-hatch 25.3 SE Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 1128 g Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets 2 yr post-hatch 57.6 SE Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 1452 g Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets 3 yr post-hatch 99.4 SE Laboratory
Growth Rate 715 g/yr Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets 2 yr post-hatch Laboratory
Citation:

Longevity and age-size relationships of populations of desert tortoises

Author(s)
Germano, David J.
Pages
367-374
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1992
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity age estimated from scute annuli; oldest individual measured yr Not Reported Adult 574 Mojave, Sonoran and Sinaloan deserts Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Changes in a desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) population after a period of high mortality

Author(s)
Germano, David J. and Michele A. Joyner
Pages
190-198
Publisher
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-166
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 59 #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Piute Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 19-173 (95% CI)
Survival/ Mortality range of per capita mortality rates (k) for 2 time periods /yr Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 115-130 animals/time period Piute Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean BW = 0.000505(CL)^2.826 regression of carapace length (CL; 80 - 260mm) to body weight (BW; g) g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 53 Piute Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population ecology of the desert tortoise at Goffs, San Bernadino County, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Kristin H. Berry, Betty L. Burge, Page Hayden, Lori Nicholson and Jan Bickett
Pages
68-81
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.17 estimated by x-ray examination eggs/clutch Female Adult 35 clutches Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 732m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 0.22SE
Clutches or Litters per year 1.9 Female Adult 19 animals Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 732m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 0.1SE
Time of Mating/ Laying July - Oct. mating Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 732m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Estimated density and distribution of the desert tortoise at Fort Irwin, National Training Center and Goldstone Space Communications Complex

Author(s)
Woodman, A. Peter, Stephen M. Juarez, Eugene D. Humphreys, Karen Kirtland and Lawrence F. LaPre
Pages
81-99
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of population densities in % of area (800 mi2) surveyed #/mi2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Fort Irwin National Training Center and Goldstone Space Communication Center, Barstow Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hibernaculum use by a population of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) in the Sonoran desert

Author(s)
Bailey, Scott J., Cecil R. Schwalbe and Charles H. Lowe
Pages
361-369
Year
Issue
3
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Oct. - Dec. (begin), Mar.-June (end) Both Male and Female Adult 9 San Pedro River Valley, Pinal County [lat., 32^o38'N; long., 110^o34'W] Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Desert tortoise population of the Beaver Dam Slope in northwestern Arizona

Author(s)
Sheppard, George Pat
Pages
25-47
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density #/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Beaver Dam Slope Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The distribution and abundance of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) on the Chocolate Mountains Aerial Gunnery Range

Author(s)
Berry, Kristin H., A. Peter Woodman, Lori L. Nicholson and Betty L. Burge
Pages
47-65
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density population density ranges in % of area (605 mi2) surveyed #/mi2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Chocolate Mountains Aerial Gunnery Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Desert tortoise (Mojave population) recovery plan

Author(s)
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Pages
73
Publisher
United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range and habitat of the desert tortoise (Xerobates agassizi) in the Picacho mountains of Arizona

Author(s)
Barrett, Sheryl L.
Pages
202-206
Year
Issue
2
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 19 ha Both Male and Female Adult 14 Picacho Mountains, Pinal County Exposure Factor Datasets 4.6 SE
Citation:

Effects of incubation conditions on sex determination, hatching success, and growth of hatchling desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii

Author(s)
Spotila, James R., Linda C. Zimmerman, Christopher A. Binckley, Janice S. Grumbles, David C. Rostal, Albert List Jr., Eva C. Beyer, Kelly M. Phillips and Stanley J. Kemp
Pages
103-116
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 125 (26C); 89 (28.1C); 72 (30.6C); 68 (32.8C); 73 (33C); 85 (35.3C) incubation time at various temperatures (26-35.3C) d Not Reported Embryo 10-29 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Physiological ecology of desert tortoises in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Nagy, Kenneth A. and Philip A. Medica
Pages
73-92
Year
Issue
1
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Langloisia setosissima (39.5%); Camissonia munzii (34%); Oryzopsis hymenoides (14.5%); Bromus rubens (11.5%); other (0.5%) % total fresh volume (weighted annual mean) estimated from observations of feeding animals % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 11 animals Rock Valley, Nye County Exposure Factor Datasets
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