Turtles and tortoises (Testudines)

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Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) are selective herbivores that track the flowering phenology of their preferred food plants.

Author(s)
Jennings, W.B. and Berry, K.H.
Issue
1
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Table 8 B Adult 18 Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area,
eastern Kern County, California 		Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Citation:

Climatic variation affects clutch phenology in Agassiz’s desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii.

Author(s)
Lovich, J., Agha, M., Meulblok, M., Meyer, K., Ennen, J., Loughran, C., Madrak, S. and Bjurlin, C.
Issue
1
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type California Counties Condition Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying See citation Figure 2 Clutch phenology F Adult Mesa wind farm near Palm Springs, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside Gravid USA
Citation:

Relative abundance and demographic structure of Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) along roads of varying size and traffic volume.

Author(s)
Nafus, M.G., Tuberville, T.D., Buhlmann, K.A. and Todd, B.D.
Volume
162
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Home Range See citation Burrow location relative to roadways B Both Adults and Juveniles 149-253 Mojave National Preserve Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino USA
Citation:

Head-started desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii): movements, survivorship and mortality causes following their release.

Author(s)
Nagy, K.A., Scott Hillard, L., Tuma, M.W. and Morafka, D.J.
Issue
1
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Survival/ Mortality See citation Figure 6; predation, exposure Cause of death relative to body length B Both Adults and Juveniles 53 Fort Irwin National Training Center Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino USA
Citation:

Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) thermal ecology and reproductive success along a rainfall cline.

Author(s)
Sieg, A.E., Gambone, M.M., Wallace, B.P., Clusella‐trullas, S., Spotila, J.R. and Avery, H.W.
Issue
3
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.3 Clutch size Number of eggs Embryo 19 Ivanpah Valley Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino USA 0.2
Clutch or Litter Size 3.4 Clutch size Number of eggs Embryo 15 Ivanpah Valley Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino USA 0.2

Pacific Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDD (2,4'-) 0.745459 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 21 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
SELENIUM (elemental) 41.54 µg/g dw, 6.84 ww Plasma concentration Not Reported 9 Big Bend, Citrus County Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
ENDOSULFAN 0.005-12.99 ng/mL Plasma concentration of endosulfan sulfate Both Male and Female Juvenile 12 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE ?:1.32301, ?: 4.58425, ?: 2.96004, ?: 2.61459 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
CADMIUM (elemental) Review Liver concentration Not Reported Not Reported See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM (elemental) 0.09 ± 0.04 µg/g ww Egg concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 31 Pacific Coast Toxicity Factor Datasets PANAMA
DDD (4,4'-) Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ENDRIN Not detected Plasma concentration of endrin aldehyde Both Male and Female Juvenile 19 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE ?: 0.16160, ?: 1.169761, ?: 0.773151, ?: 0.790514 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) 0.001-3.98 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
HEPTACHLOR 2.731588 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDE (2,4'-) 0.005-0.32 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 20 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
IRON (elemental) 11.7 ± 0.9 µg/g ww Egg concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 31 Pacific Coast Toxicity Factor Datasets PANAMA
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE 6.0 ± 6.54 ng/g ww ? isomer fat concentration Not Reported Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
ARSENIC (elemental) Review Egg concentration Embryo See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
THALLIUM <10 µg/g dw, <0.001-<0.002 ww Plasma concentration Not Reported 9 Big Bend, Citrus County Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
ENDRIN 0.001-1.36 ng/mL Plasma concentration of endrin sulfate Both Male and Female Juvenile 1 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
SELENIUM (elemental) 1.81 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 14 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
NICKEL (elemental) 73.30 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 14 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ALDRIN 10.43339 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 12 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (2,4'-) Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 20 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DIELDRIN Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
HEXACHLOROBENZENE 0.001-7.61 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 12 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDD (4,4'-) 0.005-11.82 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ENDOSULFAN 0.005-7.54 ng/mL Plasma concentration of endosulfan II Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDE (4,4'-) Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ARSENIC (elemental) Review Muscle concentration Not Reported Not Reported See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental) 0.006 ± 0.002 µg/g ww Egg concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 29 Pacific Coast Toxicity Factor Datasets PANAMA
MERCURY (elemental) <0.005-0.30 µg/g dw, <0.001-0.05 ww Plasma concentration Not Reported 9 Big Bend, Citrus County Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
ARSENIC (elemental) Review Blood concentration Not Reported Not Reported See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 4.5 ± 4.32 ng/g ww Fat concentration Not Reported Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE 11.4 ± 8.39 ng/g ww ? isomer fat concentration Not Reported Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
ARSENIC (elemental) Review Liver concentration Not Reported Not Reported See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
COPPER (elemental) 0.5 ± 0.1 µg/g ww Egg concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 31 Pacific Coast Toxicity Factor Datasets PANAMA
DDT (4,4'-) 0.001-0.26 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ALDRIN 0.957726 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS 0.17 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 14 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ZINC (elemental) 13.58 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 14 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ENDRIN 1.398561 ng/mL Plasma concentration of endrin sulfate Both Male and Female Juvenile 20 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ENDOSULFAN Not detected Plasma concentration of endosulfan sulfate Both Male and Female Juvenile 19 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ENDRIN 1.064513 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 38 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
IRON (elemental) 302.82 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 14 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 0.005-7.88 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
METHOXYCHLOR Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ENDRIN Not detected Plasma concentration of endrin aldehyde Both Male and Female Juvenile 12 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ENDRIN Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
HEXACHLOROBENZENE 0.386999 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 19 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
HEPTACHLOR 8.607096 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 1.844882 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
CHLORDANE ?: not detected, ?: 0.313725 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile ?: 12, ?: 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ENDOSULFAN 0.005-1.22 ng/mL Plasma concentration of endosulfan I Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDE (2,4'-) Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 1 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
METHOXYCHLOR Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDE (4,4'-) Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDD (2,4'-) Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 1 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ENDRIN Not detected Plasma concentration of endrin ketone Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
CHLORDANE ?: not detected, ?: 0.230227 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile ?: 19, ?: 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
MANGANESE COMPOUNDS 0.31 ± 0.07 µg/g ww Egg concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 31 Pacific Coast Toxicity Factor Datasets PANAMA
LEAD (elemental) 0.03 µg/g dw, 0.006 ww Plasma concentration Not Reported 9 Big Bend, Citrus County Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
ARSENIC (elemental) 0.12 ± 0.04 µg/g ww Egg concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 31 Pacific Coast Toxicity Factor Datasets PANAMA
CADMIUM (elemental) Review Muscle concentration Not Reported Not Reported See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) 0.003 ± 0.002 µg/g ww Egg concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 11 Pacific Coast Toxicity Factor Datasets PANAMA
ZINC (elemental) 14± 3 µg/g ww Egg concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 31 Pacific Coast Toxicity Factor Datasets PANAMA
CADMIUM (elemental) 0.06 µg/g dw, 0.01 ww Plasma concentration Not Reported 9 Big Bend, Citrus County Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CADMIUM (elemental) Review Egg concentration Embryo See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM (elemental) Review Blood concentration Not Reported Not Reported See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM (elemental) Review Kidney concentration Not Reported Not Reported See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM (elemental) Review Bone concentration Not Reported Not Reported See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (2,4'-) Max: 34.9 ng/g ww Fat concentration Not Reported Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
ARSENIC (elemental) Review Bone concentration Not Reported Not Reported See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
ARSENIC (elemental) Review Kidney concentration Not Reported Not Reported See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
ARSENIC (elemental) 5.95 µg/g dw, 0.98 ww Plasma concentration Not Reported 9 Big Bend, Citrus County Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DIELDRIN Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
SILVER COMPOUNDS Tumor score 0: 2.61, score 1: 0.90, score 2: 2.00, score 3: 2.71 µg/g dw Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
SILVER COMPOUNDS Tumor score 0: 0.51, score 1: 0.21, score 2: 0.39, score 3: 0.59 µg/g ww Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
CADMIUM (elemental) Tumor score 0: 0.39, score 1: 0.17, score 2: 0.26, score 3: 0.35 µg/g dw Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
CADMIUM (elemental) Tumor score 0: 0.08, score 1: 0.04, score 2: 0.05, score 3: 0.08 µg/g ww Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
COPPER (elemental) Tumor score 0: 4.64, score 1: 5.56, score 2: 6.42, score 3: 8.30 µg/g dw Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
COPPER (elemental) Tumor score 0: 0.95, score 1: 1.29, score 2: 1.24, score 3: 1.80 µg/g ww Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
NICKEL (elemental) Tumor score 0: 44.07, score 1: 46.74, score 2: 57.85, score 3: 50.01 µg/g dw Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
NICKEL (elemental) Tumor score 0: 9.15, score 1: 11.20, score 2: 10.99, score 3: 11.22 µg/g ww Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
LEAD (elemental) Tumor score 0: 4.77, score 1: 3.77, score 2: 7.76, score 3: 11.15 µg/g dw Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
LEAD (elemental) Tumor score 0: 0.98, score 1: 0.95, score 2: 1.43, score 3: 2.41 µg/g ww Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
ZINC (elemental) Tumor score 0: 3.44, score 1: 2.00, score 2: 3.62, score 3: 5.10 µg/g dw Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
ZINC (elemental) Tumor score 0: 0.66, score 1: 0.47, score 2: 0.64, score 3: 1.14 µg/g ww Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
PCB 4.47 ± 0.56 ng/g ww Egg yolk concentration Not Reported Embryo 11 nests, 20 eggs Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE 1.47 ± 0.48 ng/g ww Egg yolk concentration Not Reported Embryo 11 nests, 20 eggs Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) 0.30 ± 0.05 ng/g ww Egg yolk concentration Not Reported Embryo 11 nests, 20 eggs Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
PBDE MIXTURE 0.014-0.040 ng/g ww Egg yolk concentration Not Reported Embryo 11 nests, 20 eggs Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
PBDE MIXTURE 0.013-0.031 ng/g ww Egg yolk concentration Not Reported Embryo 11 nests, 20 eggs Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
PBDE MIXTURE 0.021-0.071 ng/g ww Egg yolk concentration Not Reported Embryo 11 nests, 20 eggs Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB 4.57 ± 0.47 ng/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 11 nests, 20 eggs Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE 0.66 ± 0.23 ng/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 11 nests, 20 eggs Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) 0.17 ± 0.04 ng/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 11 nests, 20 eggs Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
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