Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

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Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Population characteristics, survival rates, and causes of mortality of striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) on the southern High Plains, Texas.

Author(s)
Hansen, L.A., Mathews, N.E., Vander Lee, B.A. and Lutz, R.S.
Issue
1
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density Claytonville: 0.27, Halfway: 0.71, Olton: 0.63, Plainview: 0.10 Individuals/12.8 sq km Individuals/12.8 sq km B Both Adults and Juveniles 104 Lamb/Hale/Swisher counties Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Population Density Claytonville: 0.36, Halfway: 0.59, Olton: 0.38, Plainview: 0.20 Individuals/12.8 sq km Individuals/12.8 sq km B Both Adults and Juveniles 104 Lamb/Hale/Swisher counties Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 1994: 0.40, 1995: 0.48 Annual survival % B Both Adults and Juveniles 104 Lamb/Hale/Swisher counties Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Husbandry, overwinter care, and reproduction of captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis).

Author(s)
Lariviere, S., Hwang, Y.T., Gorsuch, W.A. and Medill, S.A.
Issue
1
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 7 Offspring/litter B Neonate 3 Delta Waterfowl and
Wetlands Research Station 		Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Clutch or Litter Size 5.5 Offspring/litter B Neonate 11 Delta Waterfowl and
Wetlands Research Station 		Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 97.9 Survival >60 d post weaning % B 93 Delta Waterfowl and
Wetlands Research Station 		Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Current distributional status of the striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis, in Baja California, Mexico.

Author(s)
Valdez-Villavicencio, J.H., Ruiz-Campos, G., Escobar-Flores, J., Guevara-Carrizales, A.A. and González-Guzmán, A.S.
Issue
4
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean 1800 g F Adult 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Potential secondary hazards of Compound 1080 to three mammalian scavengers

Author(s)
Eastland, Warren G. and Samuel L. Beasom
Pages
232-233
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE 165 mg administered to coyote (95%CI; 107 - 392 mg) LD50; based on dose given to coyote; skunks were fed contaminated coyote tissue Not Reported Not Reported 1-8 per dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative acute oral toxicity of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) in mammals and birds

Author(s)
Savarie, Peter J., Huo Ping Pan, David J. Hayes, Jerry D. Roberts, Gary J. Dasch, Robert Felton and Edward W. Schafer, Jr.
Pages
122-126
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARA-AMINOPROPIOPHENONE > 400 mg/kg LD50 Not Reported Not Reported 2/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Acute toxcicity of sodium monofluoroacetate to the striped skunk

Author(s)
Eastland Warren G. and Samuel L. Beasom
Pages
934-936
Year
Volume
38
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE 0.347 mg/kg (95% CI; 0.212 - 0.541 mg/kg) median lethal dose Not Reported Not Reported 5-6 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Care, management, and biology of captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Wade-Smith Julia and Milo E. Richmond
Pages
575-584
Year
Issue
5
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 8 weeks Both Male and Female Pup 2-12 litters Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Longevity 6 years Not Reported Adult Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Survival/ Mortality 59.81 mortality 0-2 months % Both Male and Female Pup 321 pups Exposure Factor Datasets 0-2 months Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size 4.38 pups/litter Female Adult 48 females Exposure Factor Datasets 2.38 SD Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size 3.83 pups/litter Female Juvenile 29 females Exposure Factor Datasets 1.97 SD Laboratory
Citation:

Reproduction in captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and Milo E. Richmond
Pages
452-455
Year
Issue
2
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Time of Hatching or Parturition second half of July second estrus Both Male and Female 4 females Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Time of Mating/ Laying mid-February-mid April Both Male and Female Adult 25-200 animals Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Duration of Incubation or Gestation days Both Male and Female Embryo 59 females Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Time of Hatching or Parturition May-early June Both Male and Female Neonate 118 females Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size 4.28 pups/litter Female Adult 118 litters Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 61.5 second estrus d Both Male and Female Embryo 4 females Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Time of Mating/ Laying second half of May second estrus Both Male and Female Adult 4 females Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Allometrische Untersuchungen an Organgewichten von Musteliden

Author(s)
Drescher, H. E.
Pages
35-77
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean 3063 without fur g Female Not Reported 2 females Manitoba; Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 4654 without fur g Male Not Reported 1 male Manitoba; Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Mephitis mephitis

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and B.J. Verts
Pages
1-7
Year
Volume
173
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Food Ingestion Rate review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition review Both Male and Female Neonate Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size review Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population characteristics and movements of striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) in central Alberta

Author(s)
Bjorge, Ronald R., John R. Gunson and William M. Samuel
Pages
149-155
Year
Issue
2
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size range of mean litter sizes for two years pups/litter Female Adult 15 litters Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Population Density animals/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Home Range 2556 home range, as indexed by greatest distance between captures m Male Adult 17 Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 231SE
Home Range 1970 home range, as indexed by greatest distance between captures m Female Adult 30 females Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 170 SE
Home Range 3310 home range, as indexed by greatest distance between captures m Male Juvenile 29 juveniles Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 410 SE
Home Range 4150 home range, as indexed by greatest distance between captures m Female Juvenile 19 juveniles Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1191 SE
Citation:

Skunks as grasshopper destroyers

Author(s)
Hamilton, W. J. (JR)
Pages
918
Year
Issue
4
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition percent grasshoppers in stomach contents (43% of animals examined) % grasshoppers Not Reported Not Reported 230 animals Ithaca Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population characteristics of striped skunks in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Fuller, Todd K. and David W. Kuehn
Pages
813-815
Year
Issue
4
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.6 fetuses Female Both Adults and Juveniles 10 animals Exposure Factor Datasets 1-1.5 years 0.38 SE
Clutch or Litter Size 8.0 fetuses Female Both Adults and Juveniles 4 animals Exposure Factor Datasets >2 years 1.0 SE
Clutch or Litter Size 6.5 placental scars Female Both Adults and Juveniles 5 animals Exposure Factor Datasets 1-1.5 years 0.65 SE
Clutch or Litter Size 5.8 placental scars Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 animals Exposure Factor Datasets > 2 years 0.66 SE
Citation:

Hormonal and gestational evidence for delayed implantation in the striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis

Author(s)
Wade-Smith J., M. E. Richmond, R. A. Mead and H. Taylor
Pages
509-515
Year
Issue
4
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Time of Mating/ Laying 21 Feb-5 April Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Duration of Incubation or Gestation d Both Male and Female Embryo 118 litters/females Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Die Aufzucht von Skunks im Berliner Zoologischen Garten

Author(s)
Kloess, Hans-Georg
Pages
214-217
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 63 days Both Male and Female Embryo 1 animal Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Biology of the striped skunk

Author(s)
Verts, B. J.
Pages
182
Publisher
University of Illinois Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 6.2 lb Male Adult 115 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.2
Body Weight - Mean 4.4 lb Female Adult 82 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.2
Body Weight - Mean 33.4 g Not Reported Neonate 12 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition see citation stomach contents and fecal analysis Both Male and Female Adult 149; 20 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb/Mar Both Male and Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 62-66 d Both Male and Female Embryo 3 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 7.3 pups/litter Female Adult 21 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.25
Citation:

Seasonal food of skunks in New York

Author(s)
Hamilton, W. J.
Pages
240-246
Year
Issue
3
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Fruit 26.7; mammals 19.6; insects 6.8; grasses, leaves, buds 10.8; Carrion 13.5; grains, nuts 11.3; garbage 6.8; earthworms 0.9; birds 1.9; reptiles, amphibians 1.4; crustaceans 0.3; mollusks trace % by bulk; stomach analysis % 1067 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition insects 43.06; fruits 27.56; mammals 16.25; grains 8.69; Carrion 1.76; Birds 1.46; reptiles, amphibians 1.14. frequency %; stomach and fecal analysis % 570 fecal analyses; 50 stomach analyses Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Captive striped skunk produces two litters

Author(s)
Shadle Albert R.
Pages
388-389
Year
Issue
3
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Age at Sexual Maturity 10 months Female Adult 1 female Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size pups/litter Female Adult 1 female Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Duration of Incubation or Gestation d Both Male and Female Embryo 1 female Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Physical characteristics of striped skunks in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Fuller, Todd K., David W. Kuehn, Pamela L. Coy and Randy K. Markl
Pages
371-374
Year
Issue
2
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 2.19 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles 11 animals Bearville study area; Itasca county Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 years 0.17 SE
Body Weight - Mean 1.65 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles 10 animals Bearville study area; Itasca county Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 years 0.07 SE
Body Weight - Mean 2.48 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles 6 animals Bearville study area; Itasca county Exposure Factor Datasets 1 year 0.30 SE
Body Weight - Mean 1.74 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles 10 animals Bearville study area; Itasca county Exposure Factor Datasets 1.0 years 0.10 SE
Body Weight - Mean 3.84 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles 15 animals Bearville study area; Itasca county Exposure Factor Datasets >1.5 years 0.19 SE
Body Weight - Mean 2.81 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles 16 animals Bearville study area; Itasca county Exposure Factor Datasets > 1.5 years 0.14 SE
Body Weight - Mean 2.85 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles 15 animals Bearville study area; Itasca county Exposure Factor Datasets > 2 years 0.22 SE
Body Weight - Mean 2.05 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles 5 animals Bearville study area; Itasca county Exposure Factor Datasets > 2 years 0.38 SE
Citation:

Reproduction of the striped skunk in New York

Author(s)
Hamilton, W. J.
Pages
123-124
Year
Issue
1
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean newborn g Female Neonate 3 embryos Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 5.8 examination of reproductive tract embryos Female Neonate 40 females Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Parameters of population and seasonal activity of striped skunks, Mephitis mephitis, in Alberta and Saskatchewan

Author(s)
Schowalter, David B. and John R. Gunson
Pages
409-420
Year
Issue
4
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 0.07 kg Female Juvenile 6 juveniles Saskatchewan; Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.1 SD
Body Weight - Mean 3.2 kg Female Juvenile 58 juveniles Saskatchewan; Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.7 SD
Body Weight - Mean 0.07 kg Male Juvenile 7 juveniles Saskatchewan; Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.1 SD
Body Weight - Mean kg Female Adult 556 females Saskatchewan; Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean kg Male Adult 284 males Saskatchewan; Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Clutch or Litter Size 6.8 embryos; all ages pups/litter Female Adult 87 females Saskatchewan; Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 4.7 kg Male Juvenile 18 juveniles SasKatchewan; Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.5 SD
Citation:

Biology of striped skunks on a southwestern Lake Erie Marsh

Author(s)
Bailey, Theodore N.
Pages
196-207
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying mid February-mid March Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Magee Marsh; Ottawa natll. wildlife refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition mid April-mid May Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Magee Marsh; Ottawa natll. wildlife refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 12 animals/mi^2 Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Magee Marsh; Ottawa natll. wildlife refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Insect food of skunks

Author(s)
Kelker, George Hills
Pages
164-170
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition insects; % by volume; scat analysis % Not Reported Not Reported 952 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Age-related Reproduction in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in the upper Midwest

Author(s)
Greenwood, Raymond J. and Alan B. Sargeant
Pages
657-662
Year
Issue
3
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7.2 live embryo counts pups/litter Female Adult 178 females east-central North Dakota; west -central Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets primarily 1 and 2 years old 0.4 SE
Citation:

Evaluation of mark-recapture for estimating striped skunk abundance

Author(s)
Greenwood, Raymond J., Alan B. Sargeant and Douglas H. Johnson
Pages
332-340
Year
Issue
2
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Home Range 308 ha Male Not Reported 15 males Walum, ND Exposure Factor Datasets 170 SD
Home Range 242 ha Female Not Reported 24 animals Walum, ND Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 119 SD
Citation:

Ecological aspects of winter dormancy in the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Mutch, Graham G. R. and Aleksiuk, Michael
Pages
607-615
Year
Issue
3
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 3769 g Male Adult 5 Delta Marsh Mannitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.91 SE
Body Weight - Mean 2584 g Male Adult 5 Delta Marsh Mannitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 20.9 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 31.9 % Male Adult 5 Delta Marsh Mannitoba Exposure Factor Datasets 1.3 SE Laboratory
Body Fat (total or %) 10.1 % Male Adult 5 Delta Marsh Mannitoba Exposure Factor Datasets 2.1 SE Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 142 calculated basal metabolic rate kcal/d Male Adult 5 Delta Marsh Mannitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 5 SE
Citation:

Dispersal and home range of striped skunks, Mephitis mephitis, in an area of population reduction in southern Alberta

Author(s)
Rosatte, Richard C. and John R. Gunson
Pages
315-319
Year
Issue
3
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Home Range 2.7 km2 Both Male and Female Juvenile 8 animals Alberta 49 deg. N, 112 deg. 45' W Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
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