Falconiformes
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1998: 2, 1999: 2.91, 2000: 2.5, 2001: 2.89, 2002: 2.71, 2003: 3.21 | Mean number fledglings/successful breeding pair | Mean number fledglings/successful breeding pair | Fledgling | 1998: 11, 1999: 12, 2000: 13, 2001: 22, 2002: 29, 2003: 34 | Biskaia | Exposure Factor Datasets | SPAIN |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1998: 1.4, 1999: 2.91, 2000: 2.54, 2001: 2.48, 2002: 2.48, 2003: 2.75 | Mean number fledglings/breeding pair | Mean number fledglings/breeding pair | Fledgling | 1998: 11, 1999: 12, 2000: 13, 2001: 22, 2002: 29, 2003: 34 | Biskaia | Exposure Factor Datasets | SPAIN |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1998: 1.27, 1999: 2.67, 2000: 2.31, 2001: 2.36, 2002: 1.96, 2003: 2.41 | Mean number fledglings/territorial pair | Mean number fledglings/territorial pair | Fledgling | 1998: 11, 1999: 12, 2000: 13, 2001: 22, 2002: 29, 2003: 34 | Biskaia | Exposure Factor Datasets | SPAIN |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | See citation Table 6 | Egg metrics | Embryo | See citation | Exposure Factor Datasets | GERMANY |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Synthliboramphus antiquus, Streptopelia orientalis, S. qumizusume, Zoothera dauma, Swimhow's Storm-Petrel, Larus crassirostris, Japanese Murrelet, Pitta nympha, Otus sunia, Otus semitroques, Asio otus, Caprimulgus indicus | NA | 393 pellets | Exposure Factor Datasets | SOUTH KOREA (REPUBLIC OF KOREA)+M10 |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Tritriva: June, Tsimanampetsotsa: July | Courtship initiation | Adult | 3 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Breeding | MADAGASCAR | ||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3-Feb | Number of eggs | Embryo | 2 nests | Tsimanampetsotsa | Exposure Factor Datasets | MADAGASCAR | ||
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Tritriva: July, Tsimanampetsotsa: August | Egg laying | Adult | 3 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | Breeding | MADAGASCAR | ||
| Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | 42 | Days posthatch | d | Fledgling | Tsimanampetsotsa | Exposure Factor Datasets | MADAGASCAR |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 9 | Breeding pairs/1,500 sq km | Breeding pairs/1,500 sq km | B | Adult | 820 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | SPAIN | |
| Dietary Composition | See citation Table 2 | Prey types | % prey mass | B | Adult | Exposure Factor Datasets | SPAIN | ||
| Clutch or Litter Size | See citation Table 1 | Chicks/breeding pair | Average number chicks/year | NR | Chick | 820 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | SPAIN |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | See citation Table 1 | Hatched eggs from succesful clutches | Number of eggs hatched | Embryo | 93 | NJ, PA, DE, MD, VA | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Turdus migratorius: 11, Leucophaeus pipixcan: 8, Sialia currucoides: 6, Phalaropus fulicarius: 6, Colaptes auratus: 5, Phalaropus tricolor: 5, other Scolophacidae spp.: 7, Icteridae spp.: 7, other picidae spp.: 6, Fringillidae spp.: 5, other birds: 32, other animals: 3 | Percent frequency of prey remains | % | B | Nestling | 9 eyries | Yellowstone National Park | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | Review | Pairs/100 sq km | Pairs/100 sq km | B | Adult | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||
| Dietary Composition | Turdus pilaris: 8.34, Turdus merula: 4.82, Columba livia: 12.27, Garrulus gladnarius: 6.87, Stumus vulgaris: 2.75, Corvus corone cornix: 19.50, other Columbidae: 12.48, Other Turdidae: 4.39, Other birds: 28.58 | Percent by mass from pellets/prey remains | % | B | Adult | 249 | Central-eastern Italian Alps | Exposure Factor Datasets | Breeding | ITALY |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | 43170 | B | Adult | 249 | Central-eastern Italian Alps | Exposure Factor Datasets | Breeding | ITALY | ||
| Population Density | 1.16 | Pairs/100 sq km | Pairs/100 sq km | B | Adult | 249 | Central-eastern Italian Alps | Exposure Factor Datasets | Breeding | ITALY |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | See citation Figure 2 | Identifiable prey | Coastal: 30, urban: 31 | Coastal vs. urban populations | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | See citation Figure 2 | Seasonal changes in diet | 486 prey remains | Warsaw buildings | Exposure Factor Datasets | POLAND |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | See citation Figure 4 | Identifiable prey | Adult | Urban: 10, nonurban: 11 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MERCURY (elemental) | brood size = 0.848 - 0.635(log DDE) - 0.271(log Hg) | linear regression of brood size vs mercury and DDE concentrations in eggs | Female | Adult | 60 eggs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | UNITED KINGDOM | ||
| DDE (4,4'-) | eggshell thickness index = 1.799 - 0.243(log DDE) | linear regression of eggshell thickness index vs. log DDE concentration in eggs | Female | Adult | 295 eggs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | eggs were addled and/or deserted | UNITED KINGDOM | |
| DDE (4,4'-), HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | 15 ppm DDE, 0.7 ppm heptachlor epoxide | concentrations in eggs associated with population recovery | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 550 eggs from 469 clutches | Toxicity Factor Datasets | UNITED KINGDOM |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 16% | percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 13 eggs | South Australia | Toxicity Factor Datasets | AUSTRALIA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MERCURY (elemental) | 2.80 - 10.60 ppm, dry wt (females) 3.70 - 8.95 ppm, dry wt (males) |
range of concentrations measured in primary and rectrix feathers | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 sample periods; 1-9 birds/sample period | Southern Sweden | Toxicity Factor Datasets | SWEDEN |
| MERCURY (elemental) | 6.90-29.50 ppm, dry wt (females) 12.10 ppm, dry wt (males) |
concentrations measured in primary and rectrix feathers | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 females, 1 male | Northern Sweden | Toxicity Factor Datasets | SWEDEN |
| MERCURY (elemental) | 8.31(2.59) ppm, dry wt | mean (SD) concentration measured in feathers | Not Reported | Juvenile | 3 nests | Northern Sweden | Toxicity Factor Datasets | SWEDEN |
| MERCURY (elemental) | 2.79 (3.10) ppm, dry wt | mean (SD) concentration measured in feathers | Not Reported | Juvenile | 3 nests | Southern Sweden | Toxicity Factor Datasets | SWEDEN |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | review | data correlating eggshell thinning and DDE concentrations in eggs | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | GLOBAL |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | eggshell thickness index = 1.888 - 0.281(log DDE) | linear regression of eggshell thickness index and DDE content of eggs | Female | Adult | 137 eggs | Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia | Toxicity Factor Datasets | AUSTRALIA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 11.4% | percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-DDT reference eggs | Female | Adult | 8 nests | Kola Peninsula | Toxicity Factor Datasets | RUSSIA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 21:0.09 | ratio of average concentration of DDE in eggs to average concentration of DDE in prey items | Female | Adult | 12 prey species, pooled samples of 7-10 individuals | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | no relation | linear regression of eggshell thickness and DDE concentration in eggs | Female | Adult | 35 eggs | Victoria | Toxicity Factor Datasets | AUSTRALIA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | no effect | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 2 eggs, 1 nest | Toxicity Factor Datasets | ECUADOR |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 14.2% | percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 26 breeding attempts | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) | review | concentrations of chemicals in eggs and diet associated with mortality and eggshell thinning (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| DIELDRIN | review | concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| DIELDRIN | review | concentrations in eggs associated with reduced productivity (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | review | concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | review | concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | review | concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| OXYCHLORDANE | review | concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | review | concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| HEXACHLOROBENZENE | review | concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| MERCURY COMPOUNDS | review | concentrations in brain and liver associated with mortality (various avian species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| MERCURY COMPOUNDS | review | concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various avian species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 12.7 +/- 8.7 ppm (wet wt), 253 +/- 160 ppm (lipid wt) | mean (+/-SE) DDE concentration in eggs | Female | Adult | 10 eggs | Ungava region, Quebec; islands of Northwest Territories | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| DDE (4,4'-) | 21% decrease | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1940 museum specimens | Female | Adult | 21 eggs from 12 clutches | Ungava region, Quebec; islands of Northwest Territories | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 12.1% | percent eggshell thinning (as indicated by Ratcliffe Index) compared to pre-1947 eggs | Not Reported | Embryo | 39 eggs | Mid-Atlantic coastal and urban breeding sites | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 11% decrease | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 112 eggs | eastern U.S. coast | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1248, AROCLOR 1254, AROCLOR 1260, DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS | no effect | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 9 eggs | urban nest sites | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 13.1% and 13.6% decreases in tundrius and anatum ssp. | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 21 and 34 eggs for tundrius and anatum ssp. | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | review | eggshell thickness compared to that of pre-1945 eggs | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | GLOBAL |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIELDRIN | review | mortality in conjunction with pesticide use and residues in birds | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA, UNITED KINGDOM, USA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 7.4-8.3% | percent eggshell thinning compared with pre-1946 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 3-7 eggs/year | Amchitka | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDE (4,4'-) | 16.8-24.9% | percent eggshell thinning compared with pre-1946 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 3-11 eggs/year | Colville, Yukon, Tanana Rivers | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 2.4-25.0 (DDE); 0.5-10.6 (PCBs); 0.2-4.2 (Hg) | residues in eggs (ppm, wet wt) | Female | Adult | 5 eggs (from 5 nests) | Gulf of California | Toxicity Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
| DDE (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | +2 to 16% | percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 5 eggs (from 5 nests) | Gulf of California | Toxicity Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 8.31 (1.67-45.63; PCBs); 4.45 (0.76-28.05; DDE); 0.36 (0.05-1.80; dieldrin) | geometric mean (range) residues in eggs, ppm, wet wt | Female | Adult | 20 eggs | Rankin Inlet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 15% | percent eggshell thinning compared with pre-DDT reference eggs | Female | Adult | 20 eggs | Rankin Inlet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 0.12 (0-2.59; PCBs); 0.06 (0-2.70; DDE); ND (0-0.06; dieldrin) | geometric mean residues (range) in plasma, ppm, wet wt of nestlings | Not Reported | Juvenile | 79 nestlings | Rankin Inlet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | males: 0.15 (0-3.27; PCBs); 0.31 (0.05-1.95; DDE); 0.03 (0-0.30; dieldrin) females: 0.87 (0-6.82; PCBs); 0.63 (0-4.23; DDE); 0.04 (0-0.37; dieldrin) |
geometric mean residues (range) in plasma, ppm, wet wt of adult birds | Both Male and Female | Adult | 26 males, 34 females | Rankin Inlet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | liver: 1.58-59.45, PCBs; 0.99-18.84, DDE; 0.06-0.79, dieldrin breast: 0.35-57.30, PCBs; 0.30-16.95, DDE; 0-0.19, dieldrin |
range of residues in liver and breast muscle (ppm, wet wt) of 22-31 day old nestlings found dead | Not Reported | Juvenile | 7 birds | Rankin Inlet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | no effect | number of viable eggs or young versus "normal" nest success | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15 nests | Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | 0.9-7.2 (DDT); 10.4-41.8 (DDE); 0.9-3.4 (DDD); 0.3-2.0 (dieldrin); 0.2-1.2 (heptachlor epoxide) | range of concentrations in eggs (ppm, wet wt) | Female | Adult | 7 eggs | Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | 37.3 (DDT), 284 (DDE), 39.5 (DDD), 3.3 (dieldrin), 4.4 (heptachlor epoxide) | mean residue concentrations in fat (ppm, wet wt) | Female | Adult | 9 birds | Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers | Toxicity Factor Datasets | nesting | CANADA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 15.8% | mean eggshell thinning compared to "pre-pesticide" reference eggs | Female | Adult | 78 eggs | Rankin Inlet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | log DDE in eggs = 0.9723 + 0.8506(log DDE in plasma); r = 0.66 | log-log relationship between DDE in plasma of female birds and DDE in eggs | Female | Adult | 10 females | Rankin Inlet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 1.89 (1.27-2.43) -6.96 (3.28-13.37) ppm, wet wt | annual mean (range) concentrations in eggs | Female | Adult | 3-6 eggs/year | Amchitka Island | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDE (4,4'-) | 7.5% decrease | eggshell thickness compared to "pre-pesticide" reference eggs | Female | Adult | 3-6 eggs/year | Amchitka Island | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 21.7% decrease (tundra population); 16.8% decrease (taiga population); 7.5% decrease (Aleutian population) | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 23 eggs (tundra pop.); 14 eggs (taiga pop.); 11 eggs (Aleutian pop.) | Colville River (tundra); Yukon River (taiga); Amchitka Island (Aleutian) | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN | 48.0 (DDE), 3.35 (DDD), 1.02 (DDT), 1.45 (dieldrin) | mean concentrations of pesticides in eggs (ppm, dry weight) | Female | Adult | 2 eggs | Yukon River | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Late October-late December | Adult | 6 nests | Parque Luro Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | ARGENTINA | |||
| Dietary Composition | Vertebrates (11.2 %) Arthropods (88.8 %) | Frequency determined by prey remains | Frequency, % | Fledgling | 19 fledglings | Parque Luro Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | ARGENTINA | |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 4.3 | eggs | Embryo | 6 nests | Parque Luro Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | ARGENTINA | 0.3 | |
| Dietary Composition | Vertebrates (29.1 %) Arthropods (70.9 %) | Frequency determined by pellet analysis | Frequency, % | Fledgling | 19 fledglings | Parque Luro Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | ARGENTINA | |
| Hatching Success | 0.73 | Embryo | 26 eggs | Parque Luro Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | ARGENTINA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | decrease at 125, 625 mg/kg bw | body weight at end of dosing relative to control | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | increase at 125, 625 mg/kg bw 7.2, 15.5 ppm at 125, 625 mg/kg bw, respectively |
kidney lead concentrations | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | decrease at 125, 625 mg/kg bw | growth rate relative to control | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | 40% at 625 mg/kg bw | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | ||
| LEAD (elemental) | increase at all doses 1.4, 3.5, 5.5 ppm at 25, 125, 625 mg/kg bw, respectively |
liver lead concentration | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | 31% decrease at 625 mg/kg bw 14% decrease at 125 mg/kg bw |
hematocrit | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | 30% decrease at 625 mg/kg bw 25% decrease at 125 mg/kg bw |
plasma creatine phosphokinase | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | 48% decrease at 625 mg/kg bw 27% decrease at 125 mg/kg bw 12% decrease at 25 mg/kg bw |
red blood cell hemoglobin content | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | decrease at 125, 625 mg/kg bw (47-57%) | brain delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | decrease at all doses (45-59%) | red blood cell delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | decrease at 125, 625 mg/kg bw (20-25%) | liver delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | decrease at 125, 625 mg/kg bw (71-79%) | kidney delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | no effect | mean organ and carcass weights | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16 pairs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | decrease at 10, 50 ppm | mean blood delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16 pairs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | increase at 50 ppm 1.3 ppm (1.00 SD) males; 2.4 ppm (1.40 SD) females |
mean lead concentration in liver | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | no effect | mean packed cell volume and red blood cell hemoglobin | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16 pairs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | no effect | packed cell volume, hemoglogin concentration, erythrocyte counts | Both Male and Female | Adult | 8-14/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1-2 yr | Laboratory | |
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | 1.13 ppm blood at 212 ppm; 1.69 ppm blood at 448 ppm | mean lead concentration in blood | Both Male and Female | Adult | 8-14/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1-2 yr | Laboratory | |
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | 7.84 ppm femur at 120 ppm; 16.60 ppm femur at 212 ppm; 18.44 ppm femur at 448 ppm | mean lead concentration in femur | Both Male and Female | Adult | 8-14/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1-2 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARATHION | 25% at 4.6 ppm | Not Reported | Adult | 4/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | ||
| PARATHION | 56% decrease at 4.6 ppm | mean plasma cholinesterase activity relative to control | Not Reported | Adult | 4/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| PARATHION | 47% decrease at 4.6 ppm | mean brain cholinesterase activity relative to control | Not Reported | Adult | 4/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
