Pelecaniformes

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Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 0.04 ppm ww Egg concentration Embryo 1 Blackfoot Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CIS-NONACHLOR Not detected Egg concentration Embryo Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 43.65, reference site: 7.92 µg/g ww Liver concentration Nestling LCRS: 6, reference: 7 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS See citation Table 7 Histopathology Both Adults and Juveniles LCRS: 5, Reference: 6 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 0.82, 2003: 0.86, 2004: 0.76 µg/g ww Liver concentration Not Reported Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 1989: 1.86, 1990: 0.824, 1991: 1.17 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 W. Marin Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MANGANESE COMPOUNDS BI-89: 2.43, WM-89: 3.07, WM-91: 4.54, SW-91: 2.43 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
OXYCHLORDANE 0.04 ppm ww Egg concentration Embryo 1 Blackfoot Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
ENDRIN Not detected Egg concentration Embryo Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 11.12, reference site: 3.13 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Adult LCRS: 6, reference: 3 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS See citation Table 3 Egg concentration Embryo See citation Lahontan Reservoir & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
METHYLMERCURY 2002: 2.35, 2003: 2.63, 2004: 2.01 µg/g ww Liver concentration Not Reported Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 3.01 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 S. Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MOLYBDENUM BI-89:0.778, WM-89: 0.884, WM-91: 0.617, SW-91: 0.616 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CIS-CHLORDANE 0.01 ppm ww Egg concentration Embryo 1 Blackfoot Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TOXAPHENE (POLYCHLORINATED CAMPHENES) 0.04 ppm ww Egg concentration Embryo 1 Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 2.74, reference site: 0.40 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Nestling LCRS: 6, reference: 7 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS See citation Table 4 Blood concentration Both Adults and Juveniles See citation Lahontan Reservoir & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
METHYLMERCURY 2002: 0.68, 2003: 0.74, 2004: 0.59 µg/g ww Liver concentration Not Reported Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
?-BENZENEHEXACHLORIDE MS-90: 0.0092, BI-89: 0.0168, BI-09: 0.0342, WM-89: not detected, WM-90: not detected, WM-91: 0.0264, SW-91: 0.0120 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
STRONTIUM BI-89: 5.01, WM-89: 6.65, WM-91: 6.02, SW-91: 5.71 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CIS-NONACHLOR 0.01 ppm ww Egg concentration Embryo 1 Blackfoot Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
HEXACHLOROBENZENE Not detected Egg concentration Embryo Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 2.30, reference site: 0.90 µg/g ww Brain concentration Adult LCRS: 6, reference: 3 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 296, 2003: 326, 2004: 330 Body weight Not Reported Nestling 2002: 11, 2003: 31, 2004: 50 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 1.87, 2003: 2.46, 2004: 1.78 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Not Reported Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
OXYCHLORDANE MS-90: 0.0355, BI-82: 0.109, BI-89: 0.0153, BI-90: 0.0549, WM-89: 0.0241, WM-90: 0.0306, WM-91: 0.0204, SW-91: 0.0167 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo BI-82: 10, others: 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
ZINC (elemental) BI-89: 53.6, WM-89: 57.8, WM-91: 51.5, SW-91: 52.3 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
ENDRIN Not detected Egg concentration Embryo Blackfoot Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MIREX Not detected Egg concentration Embryo Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 0.70, reference site: 0.10 µg/g ww Brain concentration Nestling LCRS: 6, reference: 4 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 1.47, 2003: 3.39, 2004: 1.89 µg/g ww Blood concentration Not Reported Nestling 2002: 11, 2003: 31, 2004: 50 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 0.61, 2003: 0.64, 2004: 0.55 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Not Reported Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE MS-90: 0.0160, BI-82: not detected, BI-89: 0.0170, BI-90: 0.0242, WM-89: 0.0151, WM-90: 0.0132, WM-91: 0.0146, SW-91: 0.0110 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo BI-82: 10, others: 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONIC ACID (PFSA) 256 ng/g ww Liver concentration Not Reported Not Reported 2 Naples Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TOXAPHENE (POLYCHLORINATED CAMPHENES) Not detected Egg concentration Embryo Blackfoot Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PCB 0.19 ppm ww Egg concentration Embryo 3 Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 5.86, reference site: 3.13 µg/g ww Blood concentration Adult LCRS: 5, reference: 3 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 304, 2003: 359, 2004: 325 Body weight Not Reported Nestling 2002: 21, 2003: 32, 2004: 25 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
METHYLMERCURY 2002: 1.65, 2003: 1.90, 2004: 1.47 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Not Reported Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TRANS-NONACHLOR MS-90: 0.0744, BI-82: 0.151, BI-89: 0.0290, BI-90: 0.166, WM-89: 0.0657, WM-90: 0.0677, WM-91: 0.0352, SW-91: 0.366 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo BI-82: 10, others: 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONIC ACID (PFSA) 43 ng/g ww Liver concentration Not Reported Not Reported 1 Bonita Springs Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
HEXACHLOROBENZENE Not detected Egg concentration Embryo Blackfoot Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (2,4'-) <5 ppm: 4, >5 ppm: 5 eggs/nest Clutch size relative to DDE concentration Embryo 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 2.67, reference site: 0.30 µg/g ww Blood concentration Nestling LCRS: 6, reference: 4 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 0.68, 2003: 0.71, 2004: 0.67 µg/g ww Blood concentration Not Reported Nestling 2002: 21, 2003: 32, 2004: 25 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
METHYLMERCURY 2002: 0.52, 2003: 0.57, 2004: 0.50 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Not Reported Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CIS-NONACHLOR MS-90: 0.0233, BI-82: 0.103, BI-89: not detected, BI-90: 0.114, WM-91: not detected, SW-91: not detected µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo BI-82: 10, others: 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MIREX Not detected Egg concentration Embryo Blackfoot Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
<5 ppm: 81%, >5 ppm: 48% Hatching success Embryo <5 ppm:27, >5 ppm: 29 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 30.64, reference site: 7.77 µg/g ww Feather concentration Nestling LCRS:14, reference: 14 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS See citation Table 3 Blood chemistry Not Reported Nestling See citation Lahontan Reservoir & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 0.93, 2003: 0.93, 2004: 0.70 µg/g ww Brain concentration Not Reported Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DIELDRIN MS-90: 0.0258, BI-82: 0.0926, BI-89: 0.0270, BI-90: 0.0661, WM-89: 0.0308 WM-90: 0.0204, WM-91: 0.00887, SW-91: 0.0275 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo BI-82: 10, others: 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PCB 0.08 ppm ww Egg concentration Embryo 1 Blackfoot Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
<5 ppm: 95%, >5 ppm: 86% Young survived 7-10 days Embryo <5 ppm:27, >5 ppm: 29 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 0.54, reference site: 0.17 µg/g ww Egg concentration Embryo LCRS: 26, reference: 42 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 14.2, 2003: 14.4, 2004: 15.2 g Liver weight Not Reported Nestling 2002: 2, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 0.23, 2003: 0.23, 2004: 0.19 µg/g ww Brain concentration Not Reported Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase-inducing potency in ovo and cytosolic Ah receptor binding affinity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: comparison of four avian species

Author(s)
Sanderson, J. Thomas and Gail D. Bellward
Pages
131-145
Year
Volume
132
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect body and organ weights Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) observed at 3, 10, 100 ug/kg edema Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased at 10, 100 ug/kg hepatic microsomal cytP450 content Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased at 3, 10, 100 ug/kg hepatic microsomal EROD activity Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentacholorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected cormorant eggs injected into double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs

Author(s)
Powell, Debra C., Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Donald E. Tillit, Jon F. Powell, Janelle C. Restum, Kenneth L. Stromborg, John P. Giesy and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
1450-1455
Year
Issue
7
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 5 ug/kg egg weights of heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 8-29/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased at 4.0 ug/kg egg incidence of embryo mortality versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 58-60/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect weight of brain, heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Double-crested cormorants of the Great Lakes: egg-laying parameters, reproductive failure, and contaminant residues in eggs, Lake Huron 1972-1973.

Author(s)
Weseloh, D. Vaughn, Stanley M. Teeple, and Michael Gilbertson
Pages
427-436
Year
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.06-0.11 (1972); 0.3 (1973) fledging success (young/nest) in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo 42 (1973)-66 (1972) nests Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans on fish-eating birds

Author(s)
Bosveld, A.T.C. (Bart), and Martin Van den Berg
Pages
147-166
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review incidence of embryonic deformities, depressed growth Embryo, Juvenile Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS review enzyme induction Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive success, developmental anomalies, and environmental contaminants in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Author(s)
Larson, Jill M., William H. Karasov, Louis Sileo, Kenneth L. Stromborg, Barbara A. Hanbidge, John P. Giesy, Paul D. Jones, Donald E. Tillitt and David A. Verbrugge
Pages
553-559
Year
Issue
4
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased compared with reference hatching success (# hatched/# eggs) Both Male and Female Hatchling 466 and 953 nests (2 yrs) Spider Is., Lake Michigan Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased compared with reference clutch size Female Adult 466 and 953 nests (2 yrs) Spider Is., Lake Michigan Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased compared with reference proportion of nestlings with bill defects Both Male and Female Hatchling 1,511 and 2,700 chicks (2 yrs) Spider Is., Lake Michigan Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury in wild cormorants, pelicans, their eggs, food and environment

Author(s)
Greichus, Yvonne A. Greichus and R.J. Emerick
Pages
321-328
Year
Issue
6
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 250 Ratio of carcass concentration (4.6 ppm wet wt) to dietary concentration of PCBs Not Reported Adult 10 carcasses Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 5.7 ppm wet wt PCBs concentration in eggs Female Adult 5 eggs Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.24 ppm wet wt PCBs concentration in carcass Not Reported Juvenile 5 birds Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets 2-4 wks old
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 14 Ratio of concentration in carcass (0.64 ppm wet wt mercury) to dietary concentration (fish) Not Reported Adult 10 carcasses Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.29 ppm wet wt mercury mean concentration in eggs Female Adult 5 eggs Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin injected into the yolks of double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs prior to incubation

Author(s)
Powell, Debra, Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Don E. Tillitt, Mary E. Kelly, Kenneth L. Stromborg, Mark J. Melancon, Scott D. Fitzgerald, and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
2035-2040
Year
Issue
10
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased @ 5.4, 10.7, 11.7 ug/kg egg mortality in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased @ 175, 349, 698 ug/kg egg mortality in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 4.0 ug/kg egg (0.8-7.2) LD50 (95% confidence limits) Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) 177 ug/kg egg (77-264) LD50 (95% confidence limits) Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) no effect incidence of developmental abnormalities, edema, body weight effects, spleen or gonad histopathologic anomalies, or sex ratio in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Significance of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues to breeding pelicans and cormorants

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Joseph J. Hickey, Robert W. Risebrough, Donald F. Hughes, and Robert E. Christensen
Pages
91-112
Year
Volume
83
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 10.4 ppm DDE, 8 ppm est. PCBs, <0.1 ppm DDD, 0.2 ppm DDT residues measured in live and dead eggs Female Adult 11 colonies Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS negative correlation correlation of egg concentration of DDE and est. PCB's and shell thickness and weight Female Adult 35 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased 8.3% compared with pre-1940 reference measurements eggshell thickness Female Adult 35 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Accumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents by double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus, Pelicaniformes) chicks in the North American Great Lakes

Author(s)
Jones, P.D., J.P. Giesy, J.L. Newsted, D.A. Verbrugge, J.P. Ludwig, M.E. Ludwig, H.J. Auman, R. Crawford, D.E. Tillitt, T.J. Kubiak, and D.A. Best
Pages
192-209
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 31.3 mean biomagnification factor for eggs from forage fish Female Adult 12 eggs/site x 5 sites Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 162.4 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained (from eggs to largest chicks) Not Reported Nestling 20 chicks Green Bay, Lake Michigan Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 100.4 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained from egg to largest chick stage Not Reported Nestling 20 chicks Beaver Islands, Lake Michigan Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine residues and shell thinning in Oregon seabird eggs

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
15-21
Year
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS no effect shell thickness Female Adult 10 eggs from 10 nests OR coast Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Embryonic abnormalities and organochlorine contamination in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia) from the upper Great Lakes in 1988

Author(s)
Yamashita, Nobuyoshi, Shinsuke Tanabe, James P. Ludwig, Hiroko Kurita, Matthew E. Ludwig, and Ryo Tatsukawa
Pages
163-173
Year
Volume
79
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of deformities in live embryos relative to 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents of PCBs, PCDFs, and PCDDs Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Lakes Michigan, Huron, Superior, North Channel Toxicity Factor Datasets

California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)

Citation:

Brown pelicans: Improved reproduction off the southern California coast

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Joseph R. Jehl, Jr., Robert W. Risebrough, Leon A. Woods, Jr., Lawrence R. Deweese, and William G. Edgecomb
Pages
806-808
Year
Volume
190
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) significantly decreased compared to pre-1943 samples eggshell thickness (of intact or broken eggshells) Female Adult 86 eggs Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) increased compared to positive control (1969 data) mean number of fledglings produced per nest in 1974 Both Male and Female Fledgling 1286 nests Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) non-detectable DDT plus TDE, 96.6 ppm DDE, lipid wet basis concentration in egg contents Female Adult 39 eggs Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte Toxicity Factor Datasets

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans on fish-eating birds

Author(s)
Bosveld, A.T.C. (Bart), and Martin Van den Berg
Pages
147-166
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review incidence of reproductive effects Both Adults and Juveniles, Embryo Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the diet and eggs of the Florida brown pelican

Author(s)
Thompson, Neal P., Patrick W. Rankin, Patricia E. Cowan, Lovett E. Williams, Jr. and Stephen A. Nesbitt
Pages
331-339
Year
Issue
3
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
AROCLOR 1254, DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN 0.896 ppm DDE, 0.256 ppm DDD, 0.166 ppm DDT, 0.208 dieldrin, 2.241 ppm PCB 1254 mean residues in eggs Female Adult 29 eggs east coast Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

DDE in birds' eggs: Comparison of two methods for estimating critical levels

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J.
Pages
268-276
Year
Issue
2
Volume
96
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 8 ug/g critical threshold of DDE concentration in egg (wet wt basis) associated with 20% eggshell thinning Both Male and Female Embryo 813 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 3 ug/g lowest level of DDE that would result in severely lowered reproductive success Both Male and Female Embryo 156 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Further interpretation of the relation of organochlorine residues in brown pelican eggs to reproductive success

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J.
Pages
15-33
Year
Issue
1
Volume
28
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 3 ug/g level in eggs associated with impaired reproductive success (successful nests fledged at least one chick) Both Male and Female Juvenile 156 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hatching success of brown pelican eggs after contamination with oil

Author(s)
Parnell, James F., Mark A. Shields and Dargan Frierson, Jr.
Pages
22-24
Year
Volume
7
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
FUEL OILS decrease hatching success (proportion of eggs hatched per clutch) of oiled versus control eggs Not Reported Embryo 61-205 eggs Cape Fear River Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Flow cytometric analysis of hematocytes from brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) exposed to planar halogenated hydrocarbons and heavy metals

Author(s)
Wickliffe, J.K., and J.W. Bickham
Pages
239-246
Year
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS no effect half-peak coefficient of variation (HPCV) in DNA content vs. reference samples Not Reported Chick 15 Ferry Slip Island and South Pelican Island (33deg59'N,77deg57'W) Toxicity Factor Datasets
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