Pelecaniformes

Displaying 388 data points

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Survivorship and mortality patterns of Double-crested Cormorants at Spider Island, Wisconsin, 1988–2006.

Author(s)

Stromborg, K.L., Ivan, J.S., Netto, J.K. and Courtney, C.R.

Issue

sp1

Volume

35
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	Countries
Survival/ Mortality	0.633	Survival, modeled average (Adult, at least 4 y)	Percent	Adult	Lake Michigan	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Diet of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) wintering on the central Texas coast.

Author(s)

Withers, K. and Brooks, T.S.

Issue

1

Volume

49
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	Striped mullet: 25.5, gulf menhaden: 17.6, hardhead catfish: 11.8, Sciaendiae: 15.7, unidentifiable fish: 5.9	Frequency	%	Not Reported	51	Lavaca bay	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Recent population size, trends, and limiting factors for the double‐crested cormorant in western North America.

Author(s)

Adkins, J.Y., Roby, D.D., Lyons, D.E., Courtot, K.N., Collis, K., Carter, H.R., Shuford, W.D. and Capitolo, P.J.

Issue

7

Volume

78
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Location	Type	Countries
Population Density	See citation	Breeding pairs/location		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

From yellow perch to round goby: A review of double-crested cormorant diet and fish consumption at Three St. Lawrence River Colonies, 1999–2013.

Author(s)

Johnson, J.H., Farquhar, J.F., Klindt, R.M., Mazzocchi, I. and Mathers, A.

Issue

1

Volume

41
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	Pre-goby: 13.2, Transition 12.8, Post-goby: 17.0	Number of fish eaten per pellet by different periods	Numerb of fish	NR	Adult	Pre-goby: 1187, Transition 518, Post-goby: 1404	Strachan Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	CANADA
Dietary Composition	See citation Table 4	Percent species by number by different periods	%	NR	Not Reported	See citation	Three sites along St. Lawrence River	Exposure Factor Datasets	CANADA
Dietary Composition	Pre-goby: 14.4, Transition 14.3, Post-goby: 20.1	Number of fish eaten per pellet by different periods	Numerb of fish	NR	Adult	Pre-goby: 3100, Transition 2206, Post-goby: 1028	Griswold Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	CANADA
Dietary Composition	Pre-goby: 11.9, Transition 12.7, Post-goby: 16.7	Number of fish eaten per pellet by different periods	Numerb of fish	NR	Adult	Pre-goby: 923, Transition 1631, Post-goby: 2035	McNair Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	CANADA

Citation:

Double-crested cormorants during the chick-rearing period at a large colony in Southern Ontario: analyses of chick diet, feeding rates and foraging directions.

Author(s)

Andrews, D.W., Fraser, G.S. and Weseloh, D.V.

Issue

sp1

Volume

35
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	2006: >93% alewife, 2007: 86.5%; balance made up of round goby, rainbow smelt, pumpkinseed	Chick diet	% by mass	B	Adult	Tommy Thompson Park, Lake Ontario	Exposure Factor Datasets	CANADA

Citation:

Reproductive success of colonial tree-nesting waterbirds in Prairie Pothole Wetlands and rivers throughout Northeastern South Dakota.

Author(s)

Baker, N.J., Dieter, C.D. and Bakker, K.K.

Issue

1

Volume

174
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Clutch or Litter Size	2008: 1.79 ± 0.03, 2009: 1.96 ± 0.02	Brood size	Number of hatchlings	NR	Hatchling	2008: 493 nests, 2009: 559 nests	Northeast SD	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Time of Hatching or Parturition	2008: June 4, 2009: May 29	Earliest hatch date			Hatchling	2008: 493 nests, 2009: 559 nests	Northeast SD	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Hatching Success	2008: 49.5% [45.9-52.9 (95% CI)], 2009: 59.4% [55.8-63.1 (95% CI)]	Fledge success			Hatchling	2008: 28, 2009: 25	Northeast SD	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario: two decades of studies on the diet, fish consumption, and management of double-crested cormorants.

Author(s)

Johnson, J.H., McCullough, R.D., Farquhar, J.F. and Mazzocchi, I.

Issue

2

Volume

41
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	Pre-goby: 10.15, Transition 10.25, Post-goby: 14.81	Number of fish eaten per pellet by different periods	Numerb of fish	NR	Not Reported	Pre-goby: 17,681, Transition 1800, Post-goby: 4662	Lilttle Galloo Island, Lake Ontario	Exposure Factor Datasets	CANADA
Dietary Composition	See citation Table 4	Percent species by number by different periods	%	NR	Not Reported	Pre-goby: 17,681, Transition 1800, Post-goby: 4662	Lilttle Galloo Island, Lake Ontario	Exposure Factor Datasets	CANADA

Citation:

Winter and summer home ranges and core use areas of double-crested cormorants captured near aquaculture facilities in the southeastern United States.

Author(s)

King, D.T., Strickland, B.K. and Radomski, A.A.

Issue

sp1

Volume

35
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Condition	Countries	Error
Home Range	17490 sq km	sq km	B	Adult	37	Mississipi Alluvial Valley (AR, MS, LA) & Upper Coastal Plain (AL, MS)	Exposure Factor Datasets	Over-wintering populations	USA	1986

Citation:

Monitoring Colonial Nesting Birds in Estero Bay Aquatic Preserve.

Author(s)

Clark, C.P. and Leary, R.E.

Issue

2

Volume

76
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	Condition	Countries
Population Density	See citation Figure 2	Active nests/11,000 ha	Adult	Estero Bay Aquatic Preserve	Exposure Factor Datasets	Breeding	USA

Citation:

Density-dependent growth of double-crested cormorant colonies on Lake Huron.

Author(s)

Ridgway, M.S., Pollard, J.B. and Weseloh, D.C.

Issue

10

Volume

84
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Location	Type	Condition	Countries
Population Density	1990: 3985, 1994: 9854, 1997: 8217, 2000: 12821, 2003: 11470	Number of nests	Number of nests	Georgian Bay, Lake Huron	Exposure Factor Datasets	Breeding	CANADA
Population Density	1990: 4310, 1994: 7281, 1997: 8494, 2000: 12441, 2003: 11527	Number of nests	Number of nests	North Channel, Lake Huron	Exposure Factor Datasets	Breeding	CANADA

Citation:

Colony size and diet composition of piscivorous waterbirds on the lower Columbia River: implications for losses of juvenile salmonids to avian predation.

Author(s)

Collis, K., Roby, D.D., Craig, D.P., Adamany, S., Adkins, J.Y. and Lyons, D.E.

Issue

3

Volume

131
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	Herring, shad: 0.6, Peamouth/Pikeminnow: 24.0, Sucker: 5.8, Smelt: 0.3, Salmonid: 45.5, Stickleback: 5.0, Sculpin: 8.0, Surfperch: 0.3, Flounder: 8.5, Other: 1.8	Percent by mass from adult foregut and chick regurgitation samples	%	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	206	Rice Island/Channel Markers	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Dietary Composition	Herring, shad: 27.8, Peamouth/Pikeminnow: 0.7, Sucker: 4.7, Smelt: 7.6, Salmonid: 15.9, Stickleback: 2.1, Sculpin: 9.2, Surfperch: 7.3, Flounder: Pacific sand lance: 1.8, Flounder: 9.8 Other: 1.3	Percent by mass from adult foregut and chick regurgitation samples	%	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	128	East Sand Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Spatial and temporal comparisons of double-crested cormorant diets following the establishment of alewife in Lake Champlain, USA.

Author(s)

DeBruyne, R.L., DeVault, T.L., Duerr, A.E., Capen, D.E., Pogmore, F.E., Jackson, J.R. and Rudstam, L.G.

Volume

38
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	Cyprinid, Lepomis spp., rainbow smelt, rock bass, white perch, yellow perch	Percent by number before alewife eastablishment	%		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Dietary Composition	Alewife ,cyprinid, Lepomis spp., rainbow smelt, rock bass, white perch, yellow perch	Percent by number after alewife eastablishment	%		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Analysis of prey selection by double-crested cormorants: A 15-year diet study in Oneida Lake, New York.

Author(s)

DeBruyne, R.L., Coleman, J.T., Jackson, J.R., Rudstam, L.G. and VanDeValk, A.J.

Issue

2

Volume

142
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	See citation	Percent by number	%	Lake Oneida	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Dietary Composition	See citation	Percent by number	%	Lake Oneida	Exposure Factor Datasets

Citation:

Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) of Leech Lake, Minnesota: Temporal Variation of Diets and Assessment of Differential Prey Selection in Adults.

Author(s)

Hundt, P.J., Simons, A.M. and Pereira, D.L.

Issue

2

Volume

169
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	Age-Specific	Countries
Dietary Composition	See citation	Percent composition and biomass	B	Adult		Exposure Factor Datasets	Leech Lake	USA
Dietary Composition	See citation	Percent composition and biomass	B	Chick		Exposure Factor Datasets	Leech Lake	USA

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Seabird diets provide early warning of sardine fishery declines in the Gulf of California.

Author(s)

Velarde, E., Ezcurra, E. and Anderson, D.W.

Issue

1332

Volume

3
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	0.83	Percentage of diet that is anchovy+sardine	NR	Midriff Islands	Exposure Factor Datasets	MEXICO
Dietary Composition	See citation Figure 3	Proportion of anchovy:sardine	NR	Midriff Islands	Exposure Factor Datasets	MEXICO

Citation:

Egg success, hatching success, and nest-site selection of brown pelicans, Gaillard Island, Alabama, USA.

Author(s)

Robinson, O.J. and Dindo, J.J.

Issue

2

Volume

123
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Hatching Success	0	Embryo	NR	Gaillard Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Hatching Success	0.677	Embryo	NR	Gaillard Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Hatching Success	0.635	Embryo	NR	Gaillard Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Hatching Success	0.576	Embryo	NR	Gaillard Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Hatching Success	0.695	Embryo	NR	Gaillard Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Hatching Success	0.588	Embryo	NR	Gaillard Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Hatching Success	0.646	Embryo	NR	Gaillard Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Hatching Success	0.5	Embryo	NR	Gaillard Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Hatching Success	0.537	Embryo	NR	Gaillard Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Long-Term Population and Colony Dynamics of Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) in Rapidly Changing Coastal Louisiana, USA.

Author(s)

Selman, W., Hess Jr, T.J. and Linscombe, J.

Issue

1

Volume

39
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	Countries
Population Density	See citation Table 2	Nests/ha/year	Adult	Coastal LA	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Population Density	See citation Table 2	Colonies/ha/year	Both Adults and Juveniles	Coastal LA	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Breeding distribution and abundance of seabirds on islands off north-central Chile.

Author(s)

Simeone, A., Luna-Jorquera, G., Bernal, M., Garthe, S., Sepúlveda, F., Villablanca, R., Ellenberg, U., Contreras, M., Muñoz, J. and Ponce, T.

Issue

2

Volume

76
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	Countries
Population Density	See citation Table 2	Breeding pairs/ha	Adult	North central Chilean islands	Exposure Factor Datasets	CHILE

Citation:

Seabird Colonies of the Small Islands of Bahía Santa María-La Reforma, Sinaloa, México.

Author(s)

Castillo-Guerrero, J.A., González-Medina, E. and Fernández, G.

Issue

4

Volume

37
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Population Density	Review	Number of nests in colonies that nest in mangroves		Small Islands of Bahía Santa María- La Reforma, Sinaloa, México	Exposure Factor Datasets	CHILE
Population Density	2011: 88-289 2012: 120-1895	Number of nests/583 sq km	2-3 surveys/y	Small Islands of Bahía Santa María- La Reforma, Sinaloa, México	Exposure Factor Datasets	CHILE	2011 & 2012: 12-159 SE
Time of Mating/ Laying	January		2-3 surveys/y	Small Islands of Bahía Santa María- La Reforma, Sinaloa, México	Exposure Factor Datasets	CHILE

Citation:

Survey of Brown PelicanS (Pelecanus occidentalis) in JackSonville, Florida.

Author(s)

Cooper, K. and Vanderhoff, E.N.

Issue

2

Volume

43
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Population Density	1722	Number of individuals (area size NR)	Both Adults and Juveniles	1722	Three sites in Jacksonville, FL	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

At-Sea distribution and abundance of seabirds off southern California: a 20-Year comparison.

Author(s)

Mason, J.W., McChesney, G.J., McIver, W.R., Carter, H.R., Takekawa, J.Y., Golightly, R.T., Ackerman, J.T., Orthmeyer, D.L., Perry, W.M., Yee, J.L. and Pierson, M.O.

Publisher

Cooper Ornithological Society.
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Location	Type	Countries
Population Density	Review	Number of individuals/sq km		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Size and distribution of the California brown pelican metapopulation in a non-ENSO year.

Author(s)

Anderson, D.W., Henny, C.J., Godínez-Reyes, C., Gress, F., Palacios, E.L., Del Prado, K.S., Gallo-Reynoso, J.P. and Bredy, J.

Volume

41
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	Condition	Countries
Population Density	See citation	Number of breeding pairs (area size NR)	Adult	West coast US/Mexico border	Exposure Factor Datasets	Breeding	MEXICO
Population Density	See citation	Number of individuals (area size NR)	Both Adults and Juveniles	West coast US/Mexico border	Exposure Factor Datasets		MEXICO

Citation:

Brown Pelicans, Pelecanus occidentalis californicus (Birds: Pelecanidae): Five years with ENSO, dynamic nesting, and contemporary breeding status in the Gulf of California.

Author(s)

Anderson, DW, Godinez-Reyes, CR, Velarde, E., Avalos-Tellez, R., Ramirez-Delgado, D., Moreno-Prado, H., Bowen, T., Gress, F., Trejo-Ventura, J., Adrean, L. and Meltzer, L.

Issue

1

Volume

43
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Location	Type	Condition	Countries
Population Density	See citation; fewer nests in ENSO years	Number of nests on islands of Gulf of Mexico 1970-2006 during ENSO/non-ENSO years	Gulf of Mexico	Exposure Factor Datasets	Breeding	MEXICO

Citation:

Nesting Sites and Population Estimates of Seabirds and other Waterbirds of the Gulf of Chiriquí, Panamá.

Author(s)

Angehr, G.R., Kushlan, J.A. and Hines, K.N.

Issue

4

Volume

37
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Location	Type	Countries
Population Density	466 nests	Number of nests/>50,314 ha	Gulf of Chiriquí	Exposure Factor Datasets	PANAMA

Citation:

Roosting Brown Pelicans at San Nicolas Island, California, 1972–2006.

Author(s)

Capitolo, P.J., Carter, H.R., Jaques, D.L., Mcchesney, G.J., Mciver, W.R., Keeney, T.W. and Smith, G.

Issue

3

Volume

35
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Population Density	0-910	Number of individuals/90 sq km (temporal)	San Nicolas Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	Ventura	USA

Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)

Citation:
Chemical	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
PCB	0.08 ppm ww	Egg concentration		Embryo	1	Blackfoot Reservoir	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
	<5 ppm: 95%, >5 ppm: 86%	Young survived 7-10 days		Embryo	<5 ppm:27, >5 ppm: 29 eggs		Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	LCRS: 0.54, reference site: 0.17 µg/g ww	Egg concentration		Embryo	LCRS: 26, reference: 42	LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	2002: 14.2, 2003: 14.4, 2004: 15.2 g	Liver weight	Not Reported	Nestling	2002: 2, 2003: 7, 2004: 5	Lahontan Reservoir	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	2002: 0.23, 2003: 0.23, 2004: 0.19 µg/g ww	Brain concentration	Not Reported	Nestling	2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5	Humboldt River	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
DIELDRIN	MS-90: 0.0258, BI-82: 0.0926, BI-89: 0.0270, BI-90: 0.0661, WM-89: 0.0308 WM-90: 0.0204, WM-91: 0.00887, SW-91: 0.0275 µg/g ww	Egg concentration	Not Reported	Embryo	BI-82: 10, others: 5	MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY (elemental)	0.81 ± 0.50 µg/g dw	Feather concentration	Both Male and Female	Nestling	10	Georgia & South Carolina	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
DDE (2,4'-)	4.2 ppm ww	Egg concentration		Embryo	10	Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
	<5 ppm: 0.232, >5 ppm: 0.201 mm			Embryo	<5 ppm:27, >5 ppm: 29 eggs		Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	LCRS: 0.65 µg/g ww	Egg concentration		Embryo	20	Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	2002: 12.8, 2003: 15.2, 2004: 13.0 g	Liver weight	Not Reported	Nestling	2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5	Humboldt River	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	2002: 20.45, 2003: 36.38 µg/g ww	Feather concentration	Not Reported	Nestling	2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5	Lahontan Reservoir	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
DDD (4,4'-)	MS-90:0.0222, BI-82: 0.246, BI-89: 0.0180, BI-90: 0.0473, WM-89: 0.0168, WM-90: 0.0098, SW-91: 0.0683 µg/g ww	Egg concentration	Not Reported	Embryo	BI-82: 10, others: 5	MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
METHYLMERCURY	Review, see citation Figure 2	Egg concentration		Embryo	Not reported		Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
DDD (2,4'-)	0.12 ppm ww	Egg concentration		Embryo	4	Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
METHYLMERCURY	0.15 µg/g [0.05-0.31 (95% CI)]	Embryonic LD50		Embryo	63	Patuxent Wildlife Research Center	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	LCRS: 423, reference: 422 g	Body weight		Both Adults and Juveniles	LCRS: 6, Reference: 5	LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	Lahontan Reservoir: 3.55, Humboldt River: 3.59 g	Kidney weight	Not Reported	Nestling	7	Lahontan Reservoir: contaminated site; Humbodlt River: reference site	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	2002: 6.66, 2003: 8.50 µg/g ww	Feather concentration	Not Reported	Nestling	2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5	Humboldt River	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
DDT (4,4'-)	MS-90: 0.0122, BI-89: 0.0282, BI-90: 0.0506, WM-89: 0.0185, WM-90: 0.0236, SW-91: 0.0572 µg/g ww	Egg concentration	Not Reported	Embryo	BI-82: 10, others: 5	MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
METHYLMERCURY	Review, see ciation Figure 3	Feather concentration		Not Reported	Not reported		Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
DDT (2,4'-)	0.46 ppm ww	Egg concentration		Embryo	6	Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	1997: 0.60, 1998: 1.20 µg/g ww	Stomach concentration		Both Adults and Juveniles	1997: 4, 1998: 6	Lahontan Reservoir	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	LCRS: 13.73, reference: 12.44 g	Liver weight		Both Adults and Juveniles	LCRS: 6, Reference: 5	LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	2002: 0.170, 2003: 0.646, 2004: 0.262 g	Spleen weight	Not Reported	Nestling	2002: 2, 2003: 7, 2004: 5	Lahontan Reservoir	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
PCB	2.49 µg/g ww	Egg concentration	Not Reported	Embryo	5	Mallard Slough	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
BORON COMPOUNDS	BI-89: 0.408, WM-89: 0.395, WM-91: 0.859, SW-91: 1.29 µg/g ww	Egg concentration	Not Reported	Embryo	5	Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
DDE (2,4'-)	4.8 ppm ww	Egg concentration		Embryo	9	Blackfoot Reservoir	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
DIELDRIN	0.02 ppm ww	Egg concentration		Embryo	2	Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
METHYLMERCURY	1997: 0.53, 1998: 1.12 µg/g ww	Stomach concentration		Both Adults and Juveniles	1997: 4, 1998: 6	Lahontan Reservoir	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	LCRS: 4.78, reference: 4.56 g	Kidney weight		Both Adults and Juveniles	LCRS: 6, Reference: 5	LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	2002: 0.170, 2003: 0.646, 2004: 0.626 g	Spleen weight	Not Reported	Nestling	2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5	Humboldt River	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
PCB	1982: 3.32, 1989: 1.23, 1990: 5.38 µg/g ww	Egg concentration	Not Reported	Embryo	1982: 10, 1989: 5, 1990: 5	Bair Island	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
BARIUM (elemental)	BI-89: 0.259, WM-89: 0.351, SW-91: 0.823 µg/g ww	Egg concentration	Not Reported	Embryo	5	Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
DDD (2,4'-)	0.16 ppm ww	Egg concentration		Embryo	6	Blackfoot Reservoir	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE	0.03 ppm ww	Egg concentration		Embryo	1	Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	1997: 0.31, 1998: 0.61 µg/g ww	Stomach concentration		Both Adults and Juveniles	5	Carson Lake	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	LCRS: 0.28, reference: 0.50 g	Spleen weight		Both Adults and Juveniles	LCRS: 6, Reference: 5	LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	2002: 2.41, 2003: 2.04, 2004: 1.66 g	Brain weight	Not Reported	Nestling	2002: 2, 2003: 7, 2004: 5	Lahontan Reservoir	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
PCB	1989: 2.19, 1990: 0.792, 1991: 1.55	Egg concentration	Not Reported	Embryo	5	W. Marin Island	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
CHROMIUM (elemental)	BI-89: 0.849, WM-89: 0.813 µg/g ww	Egg concentration	Not Reported	Embryo	5	Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
DDT (2,4'-)	0.47 ppm ww	Egg concentration		Embryo	6	Blackfoot Reservoir	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
OXYCHLORDANE	0.02 ppm ww	Egg concentration		Embryo	1	Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
METHYLMERCURY	1997: 0.28, 1998: 0.43 µg/g ww	Stomach concentration		Both Adults and Juveniles	5	Carson Lake	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	LCRS: 2.92, reference: 3.30 g	Brain weight		Both Adults and Juveniles	LCRS: 6, Reference: 5	LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	2002: 2.34, 2003: 2.36, 2004: 2.32 g	Brain weight	Not Reported	Nestling	2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5	Humboldt River	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
PCB	0.185 µg/g ww	Egg concentration	Not Reported	Embryo	5	S. Wilbur Flood Area	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
COPPER (elemental)	BI-89: 7.16, WM-89: 7.10, WM-91: 7.12, SW-91: 6.21 µg/g ww	Egg concentration	Not Reported	Embryo	5	Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
DIELDRIN	0.11 ppm ww	Egg concentration		Embryo	2	Blackfoot Reservoir	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
CIS-CHLORDANE	0.03 ppm ww	Egg concentration		Embryo	1	Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS	LCRS: 43.65, reference site: 7.92 µg/g ww	Liver concentration		Adult	LCRS: 6, reference: 5	LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River	Toxicity Factor Datasets	USA

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